João de Castro | Timeline

Dom(*) João de Castro (7 February 1500 – 6 June 1548) was a Portuguese nobleman, scientist, writer, and the fourth viceroy of Portuguese India. He was called Castro Forte ("Stronghold" or "Strong Castle") by the poet Luís de Camões. De Castro was the second son of Álvaro de Castro, the civil governor of Lisbon. His wife was Leonor de Coutinho. (Intro from Wikipedia)

(*) Dom - a title today almost extinct due to the implementation of the Republic in Portugal in 1910, is similar to the "Sir" title in Britain

February 7, 1500 - Lisbon, Portugal - João de Castro is born

January(?) 1(?), 1518 - Tangier, Morocco - 18-year-old João de Castro embarks for the fortified city of Tangier at the age of 18, where he places himself at the service of the governor, D.Duarte de Meneses =(START)

January(?) 1(?), 1524 - Almada, Portugal - João de Castro returns to Portugal already armed as a knight and having participated in several battles. He marries his cousin D.Leonor Coutinho

January(?) 1(?), 1525 - Almada - First son, Álvaro de Castro, is born

October 25, 1527 - Almada - Letter from King John III in Coimbra summoning him

November 2, 1532 - Almada - The King favors him with an annual pension of 30,000 reais

May 1(?), 1534 - Safim (Safi, Morocco) - Commands a caravel with reinforcements, ammunition and supplies for Safim, who was besieged by the Moors

March 1(?), 1535 - Lisbon, Portugal - Arrives from Tangier

April 1(?), 1535 - Lisbon - António Saldanha's Portuguese squadron sails for Tunis, via Barcelona

April 8, 1535 - Barcelona - The Portuguese squadron arrives in Barcelona

June 2, 1535 - Barcelona - Sets sail for Tunis. Prince D.Luis embarks in Barcelona in Charles V's galley

June 12, 1535 - Tunis, Tunisia - Arrives at Tunis

June 14, 1535 - La Golleta, Tunis - La Goletta is taken

June 21, 1535 - Tunis - Tunis is taken

August 17, 1535 - Tunis - The portuguese fleet sets sail back to Lisbon

October 15, 1535 - Lisbon, Portugal - The portuguese fleet returns to Lisbon

January(?) 1(?), 1536 - Penha Verde, Sintra, Portugal - He returns to Portugal and retires to his house in Sintra Mountains

January 31, 1538 - Penha Verde - The king grants him the commandry of Salvaterra

April 6, 1538 - Belém, Lisbon, Portugal - Sails to India in the armada of D.Garcia de Noronha, commanding the ship "Grifo", to help Diu, who was threatened with siege by the Turks. Starts writing his "roteiro" (Logbook) from Lisbon to Goa

April 10, 1538 - Off Porto Santo Island, Madeira, Portugal - Porto Santo Island is sighted

April 13, 1538 - Off La Palma Island, Canary Islands - D.João de Castro begins experiments with a "special instrument of shadows, in ivory" offered by Prince D.Luis, in which he makes the first determinations of latitude by extrameridian heights of the Sun, at Sea

April 22, 1538 - Off Cape Verde Islands - The fleet reaches the Cape Verde Islands

June 27, 1538 - Cape Agulhas, South Africa - Reaches Cape Agulhas without seeing Cape of Good Hope

July 2, 1538 - Coast of Natal, South Africa - Sailing by the coast of Natal

July 25, 1538 - Primeiras Islands, near Angoche, Mozambique - Reaches the Primeiras Islands

July 28, 1538 - Island of Mozambique - Reaches the Island of Mozambique

August 5, 1538 - Island of Mozambique - Letter to King John III. He notes the deviation of his magnetic needle 128 years before Guillaume Dennis (1666)

August 11, 1538 - Island of Mozambique - Weighs anchor and sails to Goa

August 14, 1538 - Comoros Island - Comoros Island is sighted

September 11, 1538 - Goa, India - The armada of D.Garcia de Noronha arrives in Goa

November 21, 1538 - Goa - Sails for Diu

December 6, 1538 - Chaul - Stopover of four days in Chaul

December 19, 1538 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - Stopover in Baçaim

December 22, 1538 - near Baçaim - Observes another magnetic phenomenon with his new instrument

January 3, 1539 - Dabul (Dabhol, India) - Stopover of four days in Dabul

January 16, 1539 - Danda - Arrives at Danda

January 24, 1539 - Chaul - Stopover of seven days in Chaul

March 11, 1539 - Diu - Arrives in Diu (staying until March 24th)

March 29, 1539 - Goa - Returns to Goa (from Diu)

October 29, 1539 - Goa - Letter to Prince D. Luis

April 3, 1540 - Goa - Viceroy D.Garcia de Noronha dies

October 30, 1540 - Goa - Letter to Prince D.Luis

December 31, 1540 - Goa - Expedition to the Suez with Estêvão da Gama, in command of the "Coulão Novo". Begins writing a new "roteiro" (logbook)

January 13, 1541 - Off Island of Socotra - The Island of Socotra is sighted

January 20, 1541 - Qalansiyah (Calecea, Island of Socotra) - The fleet anchors at Qalansiyah and sails to the Red Sea on the next day

January 22, 1541 - Abd Al Kuri Island - Abd Al Kuri Island is sighted

January 27, 1541 - Off Aden - Sailing off Aden

January 28, 1541 - Bab al-Mandab Strait, Red Sea - The fleet enters the Red Sea

January 31, 1541 - Sarbo Island, Howakil Bay, Eritrea - Reaches Sarbo Island and goes ashore on the next morning

February 8, 1541 - Dahlak Islands, Eritrea - Reaches the Dahlak Islands

February 14, 1541 - Massawa, Eritrea - Arrival in Massawa

February 18, 1541 - Massawa - Continues voyage

February 22, 1541 - Amarat Islands (Aqiq Kabir, Sudan) - Anchors off Amarat Islands

February 28, 1541 - Suakin, Sudan - Anchors in the harbour of Suakin

March 10, 1541 - Suakin - Continues voyage

March 17, 1541 - Port Sudan - Reaches Port Sudan after a week of contrary winds

April 10, 1541 - Mukawwar Island, Sudan - Reaches Mukawwar Island

April 27, 1541 - Suez - Reaches Suez and observes the turkish fleet at anchor - 9 big ships and 41 royal galleys. From a tower the turks fire upon the portuguese

April 28, 1541 - Suez - Sets sail back to Massawa

May 14, 1541 - Port Sudan - Returns to Port Sudan

May 22, 1541 - Massawa, Eritrea - Anchors in Massawa harbour

July 9, 1541 - Massawa - After a long wait during a month and a half of rain and thunderstorms, the fleet sets sail to Goa

August 9, 1541 - Angediva Island, India - Anchors in the port of Angediva and stays until August 21st

August 21, 1541 - Goa - Returns to Goa

October 25, 1541 - Goa - Letter to King John III

January 1(?), 1542 - Goa - Sails for Lisbon on board the "São Tomé"

July 1(?), 1542 - Lisbon, Portugal - Arrives in Lisbon

September 25, 1542 - Penha Verde, Sintra, Portugal - The King summons him again

October(?) 1(?), 1542 - Sintra, Portugal - D.João de Castro is appointed captain-major of a coastguard fleet

December 1, 1542 - Sintra - Once the coastguard mission ends, the king again appoints him to command a fleet that was to join the Spanish fleet of D.Álvaro de Bazán in Cádiz, and which was to oppose the passage of the Turkish fleet, commanded by Barbarossa, who intended to occupy Ceuta

May 25, 1543 - Cádiz, Spain(?) - He sends his son to Lisbon on the "São João" galleon

June(?) 1(?), 1543 - Cascais, Portugal - Arrives in Cascais and causes a sensation by bringing a French pirate ship in tow

June 16, 1543 - Cascais - Letter from King John III congratulating him for taking a french pirate's ship

August 3, 1543 - Penha Verde, Sintra - Letter from King John III inviting him to dinner at Sintra and have a conversation

August 9, 1543 - Lisbon - Appointed captain-major of the coastguard fleet about to sail to Ceuta to face the Turks

August 13, 1543 - Lisbon - Sails for Gibraltar

December 16, 1543 - Off Cape St.Vincent, Portugal - Naval combat with 7 French pirate ships

December 24, 1543 - Lisbon - Returns to Lisbon after sinking two of the pirate ships off Cape St.Vincent

December 28, 1543 - Lisbon - Departs in a coastguarding mission again

February 8, 1544 - Sintra, Portugal - Returns to Lisbon and withdraws to Sintra

February 28, 1545 - Sintra, Portugal - D. João de Castro is appointed Governor of India

March 19, 1545 - Lisbon - Signs his Last will and Testament

March 22, 1545 - Lisbon - Letter from King John III

March 28, 1545 - Lisbon - Sails to Goa with 6 ships: "São Tomé, São Pedro, Santo Espírito, São Mateus, Santa Cruz, Salvador"

August 7, 1545 - Island of Mozambique - Sails to Goa

September 2, 1545 - Goa - Arrival in Goa. Martim Afonso de Sousa hands over the government of Portuguese India to D.João de Castro

October 6, 1545 - Goa - Letter to the Hidalcão (Ibrahim Adil Shah I, Sultan of Bijapur) about Meale (or Mealecão), a runaway Prince of Bijapur

October 16, 1545 - Goa - Letter to the Hidalcão (Ibrahim Adil Shah I, Sultan of Bijapur) about Meale (or Mealecão)

October 17, 1545 - Goa - Letter to the Ouvidor (magistrate) of Cochin

December 15(?), 1545 - Goa - The stir between D.João de Castro and Martim Afonso de Sousa increases and the former governor decides to depart for Lisbon

December 25, 1545 - Goa - Letter to King John III

January 1(?), 1546 - Goa - Hostilities begin with the Hidalcão (Ibrahim Adil Shah I, Sultan of Bijapur)

January 30, 1546 - Goa - News arrive about Turkish activities on the Euphrates River

February 2, 1546 - Goa - Peace is signed (with Hidalcão) that assures Portugal the possession of Bardez (North Goa) and Salsette Island (Mumbai)

March 8, 1546 - Goa - Letter from King John III

March 24, 1546 - Goa - Letter from the Bishop of Angra (Azores), from Lisbon

April 1, 1546 - While in Goa - Coge Sofar (Khoja Zufar) writes to D.João de Mascarenhas (Governor of Diu) announcing his appointment as governor of the city of Diu

April 8, 1546 - Goa - Letter from King John III. Arrival in Diu of the forces of Cambay (Gujarat)

April 14, 1546 - Goa - Receives news about the arrival of the forces of Cambay in Diu

April 20, 1546 - While in Goa - His brother D.Fernando arrives in Baçaim

April 22, 1546 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - Sails from Baçaim

Diu (fortress on the left)

April 30, 1546 - Diu - Arrives in Diu

May 5, 1546 - Diu - Letter to his brother D.Álvaro

June 24, 1546 - Diu - While supervising the trenches during the siege of Diu, Coge Sofar is killed by a cannonball fired from the portuguese fortress

July 1, 1546 - While in Diu - Letter from his brother D.Fernando

July 2, 1546 - While in Diu - Mascarenhas asks for help

July 19, 1546 - Goa - The letters arrive in Goa

July 24, 1546 - While in Goa - D.Álvaro is sent to Diu with relief forces

July 27, 1546 - Chaul - Arrives in Chaul

July 29, 1546 - Chaul - Departs Chaul

August 10, 1546 - While in Goa(?) - Death of his brother D.Fernando

August 28, 1546 - While in Goa(?) - Arrival of D.Álvaro in Diu

September 4, 1546 - Goa - Receives the news of the death of his brother D.Fernando

September 12, 1546 - Goa - An armada from Portugal arrives

September 25, 1546 - Goa - Departs Goa for Baçaim and en route spreads terror along the coast of Cambay, ordering villages to be set on fire and to kill as many people as could be found

October 27, 1546 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - Sails for Diu

November 7, 1546 - Diu - João de Castro arrives with 35 Fustas, caturs, 3 galeons, naus andgales, with 3,000 Portuguese and 300 Indian men

November 10, 1546 - Diu - Defeats the Ottomans and others. Stays in Diu to oversee the rebuilding of the fortress

November 24, 1546 - Diu - Rebuilding of Diu fortress begins

December 16, 1546 - Diu - Letter to King John III

January 8, 1547 - Diu - Letter to the Hidalcão (Ibrahim Adil Shah I, Sultan of Bijapur)

March 16, 1547 - Diu - Letter from Prince D.Luís from Almeirim

March 18, 1547 - Diu - Letter from Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal

April 19, 1547 - Goa - D.João de Castro's triumphant arrival in Goa

September 3, 1547 - Goa - Arrival of an armada from Portugal

September 10(?), 1547 - Ponda, N. of Goa - Incursion into the lands of Hidalcão to Ponda

September 24, 1547 - While in Goa - In Lisbon, the King signs the appointment of D.João de Castro as Viceroy of India

October 1(?), 1547 - Goa - Departs for Cambay

November 7, 1547 - Baroche (Bharuch, Gujarat) - Meeting with the army of the King of Cambay in Baroche

November 25, 1547 - While on his way to Baçaim - Diu Governor Mascarenhas arrives in Goa

November 30(?), 1547 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - Returns to Baçaim

December 30(?), 1547 - Salsete, Goa - New incursions in the lands of the Hidalcão and battle of Salsete

January 1, 1548 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - Returns to Baçaim. Negotiations with Cambay begin

March 30(?), 1548 - Baçaim - Francis Xavier joins Viceroy D.João de Castro in Baçaim

April 15(?), 1548 - Goa - D.João de Castro returns sick to Goa

May 15, 1548 - Goa - A letter from King John III arrives, appointing him to another period of 3 years in the government of India and elevating him to the dignity of Viceroy

June 6, 1548 - Goa - D.João de Castro dies at the arms of St.Francis Xavier, aged 48 =(END)

Martim Afonso de Sousa | Timeline

Martim Afonso de Sousa (Vila Viçosa, 1500 — Lisbon, 21 July 1564) was a Portuguese nobleman, military and colonial administrator. He was the first grantee of the Captaincy of São Vicente (1533-1564) and governor of India (1542-1545).

January(?) 1(?), 1500 - Vila Viçosa, Portugal - Martim Afonso de Sousa is born

August 15, 1513 - Lisbon, Portugal - After a childhood spent in the interior of Portugal between Vila Viçosa and Bragança, he may have joined the armada and army of D.Jaime, Duke of Braganza, sent by King Manuel I to Azamor, in August 1513. The armada was made up of 400 ships and 18,000 men (including 2,450 on horseback). Fernão de Magalhães (Magellan) was also on the expedition

August 28, 1513 - Mazagão (El Jadida, Morocco) - The armada reaches Mazagão (El Jadida). The army lands and the battle for Azamor begins

September 1, 1513 - Azamor (Azemmour), SW Casablanca, Morocco - The portuguese win the battle of Azamor

September 2, 1513 - Azamor - The Duke of Braganza enters Azamor without resistance

January(?) 1(?), 1514 - Bragança, Portugal(?) - The great Spanish captain Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba visits Lopo de Sousa, "Alcaide"(*) of Bragança. In farewell, he offers a sword with gold details to his 14-year-old son, Martim Afonso de Sousa, future Governor of Portuguese India, who is so impressed with him that he decides to follow in the Spanish captain's footsteps for his future.

(*)Alcaide - Magistrate or Mayor of a portuguese town

February 9, 1516 - Vila Viçosa - Visit to D.Jaime, Duke of Braganza, on his way to Castile, probably looking formal consentment of the patron of his family. The Duke writes to King Manuel informing him of the visit and the intentions of the 16-year-old

March(?) 1(?), 1516 - Almeirim, Portugal(?) - After being alerted by the letter of the Duke of Braganza about the intentions of young Martim Afonso de Sousa to serve Castile, King Manuel decides to bring the young prospect to live with the Court. He begins taking mathematics, cosmography and geography classes with the chief cosmographer Pedro Nunes

January 20, 1520 - (During a visit to) Vila Viçosa - Letter from Prince John (future King John III) to the Duke of Braganza, Martim Afonso's patron, telling him that if the Duke didn't  need the young man's service, to release him because he was much needed at the Prince's service

June 28, 1520 - Vila Viçosa - Letter requesting the complete disengagement from the House of Braganza and accepting, in return, to renounce all the promises of favors contracted between his father and the Duke, as well as never to seek to be reinstated

June 15, 1523 - Medina del Campo, Castile, Spain - Accompanies widow Queen D.Leonor of Austria to Castille. Meets Ana Pimentel =(START)

August 25, 1523 - Valladolid - Departs for France in Charles V's army

October 13, 1523 - Pamplona - Arrival in Pamplona, via Burgos and Logroño

December 1(?), 1523 - Pamplona - The march to France resumes. Charles V stays in Pamplona due to the proximity of winter

January 5(?), 1524 - Fuenterrabía (Hondarribia, Basque Country) - The army reaches the walls of Fuenterrabía and lays siege, having crossed Roncesvalles, Bearne region and Bidasoa Valley

February 23, 1524 - Fuenterrabía - Capitulation of Fuenterrabía

March 7, 1524 - Vitória, Basque Country - Leaves with Charles V for Burgos

March 20(?), 1524 - Burgos, Spain - Through his personal secretary Francisco de los Cobos, Charles V invites Martim Afonso de Sousa to reside in Spain and enter the spanish king's service. He politely declines the proposal, to privilege the bonds of upbringing and fidelity that bounded him to the King of Portugal

July 12, 1524 - Burgos(?) - Borrows 4,000 "cruzados" from King John III

November 1(?), 1524 - Salamanca - Marries Ana Pimentel, of spanish family

January 3, 1525 - Tordesillas, SW of Valladolid - Arrives at Tordesillas to follow the itinerary of the future Queen of Portugal, Catherine of Austria

February 2, 1525 - Salamanca - King John III of Portugal marries his cousin Catherine of Austria by proxy

February 10, 1525 - Badajoz - Arrival at Badajoz

February 15(?), 1525 - River Caia, Portuguese-spanish border - The new queen is received at the border of River Caia

March(?) 1(?), 1525 - Crato, Portugal - The New Queen arrives in Crato with Martim Afonso de Sousa and meets King John III. From thence, he and Ana Pimentel live with the Court (until 1529)

August 11, 1525 - Tomar, Portugal - Letter of Sale of the village and lands of Prado, Tomar, in order to pay his debt to the king

December 3, 1530 - Lisbon, Portugal - Sails for Brazil with 5 ships and 400 people, including his brother Pêro Lopes de Sousa, as one of the captains

December 10, 1530 - La Gomera, Canary Islands - Anchors at La Gomera and stays for 3 days

December 24, 1530 - Sal Island, Cape Verde - Reaches Sal Island, Cape Verde

December 29, 1530 - Ribeira Grande, Santiago Island, Cape Verde - Anchors at Ribeira Grande a finds a portuguese caravel there, the "Princesa"

January 21, 1531 - Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil - Fernando de Noronha Island is sighted on the first of several days of poor wind

Martim Afonso de Sousa

January 31, 1531 - Cabo de São Agostinho (Cape St.Augustine, Brasil) - Upon arriving at Cape St.Augustine, Martim Afonso de Sousa seizes two French ships loaded with brazilwood

February 2, 1531 - Cabo de São Agostinho - He sends his brother Pêro to hunt down two other French ships that were on the island of Santo Aleixo. Pêro finds one and after 36 hours of naval combat, takes the ship, ramming and boarding it.

February 17, 1531 - Pernambuco, Brazil - Arrival in Pernambuco

February 19, 1531 - Pernambuco - Martim Afonso disembarks and accommodates the sick in the factory's house and sends one of the French ships loaded with brazilwood and prisoners to Portugal to bring news to King John III. Two caravels, the "Princesa" and the "Rosa" are sent under the command of Diogo Leite to "discover the Maranhão River"

March 13, 1531 - Baía de todos os Santos (All Saint's Bay, Bahia) - He enters the Bay of All Saints. A caravel that was on its way to Sofala is added to the armada. At the harbour they meet a Portuguese man named Diogo Álvares, who lived there since 1509 (22 years) and whom the Indians called "Caramuru", or "Galego"

March 17, 1531 - Baía de todos os Santos - Sets sail to the south

April 29, 1531 - Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro - Doubles Cabo Frio (Cold Cape)

April 30, 1531 - Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro Bay) - Martim Afonso de Sousa enters the Bay of Rio de Janeiro and stays there for 3 months, starting the construction of two brigs for the exploration of the coast of Brazil, building a fortress and careening his ships

August 1, 1531 - Guanabara Bay - With the two new brigs in his fleet, Martim Afonso de Sousa sets sail for River Plate

August 12, 1531 - Cananeia Island, São Paulo, Brazil - Reaches the area of São Vicente and explores the Island of Cananeia for 44 days

September 1, 1531 - Cananeia Island - The first "bandeira"(*) is sent on the two brigs, with 80 men

(*) Literally "flag" in portuguese. A "Bandeira" was an exploring, pioneering and slave hunting mission by "bandeirantes" (flag-bearers), usually made of adventurers, explorers, fortune hunters and slavers in early colonial Brazil.

September 26, 1531 - Cananeia Island - Weighs anchor and sets sail to River Plate

November 23, 1531 - Cabo de S. Marta (St.Marta Cape), Santa Catarina, Brazil - Martim Afonso de Sousa sends his brother to survey River Plate

December 24, 1531 - While in Island of Palmas, Paraná, Brazil - His brother is shipwrecked in a storm against the rocky coast of Uruguay. The next day, Christmas Day, they headed north in a small boat

December 27, 1531 - Island of Palmas, Paraná, Brazil - Pêro Lopes de Souza rejoins his brother at the Island of Palmas and both set sail to São Vicente

January 8, 1532 - Cananeia Island - Expedition returns to Cananeia after losing the flagship

January 20, 1532 - São Vicente, Brazil - Anchors in a harbour he baptizes as São Vicente (Saint Vincent)

April 22, 1532 - Itanhaém, São Paulo, Brazil - Founds the settlement of (Conceição of) Itanhaém

May 22, 1532 - São Vicente, Brazil - Founds the settlement of São Vicente and sends his brother to Portugal with two caravels

September 28, 1532 - São Vicente - Letter from King John III communicating to him the decision to extend the experience of the Donatory Captaincies to Brazil. The system had brought good results in other Atlantic areas occupied by the Portuguese

October 10, 1532 - Piratininga, São Paulo, Brazil - Land expedition to settle the area of the future city of São Paulo, where "Piratininga" is founded

January(?) 1(?), 1533 - São Vicente(?) - Receives the news that all expedition members were killed by Carijós Indians from Curitiba

May(?) 1(?), 1533 - São Vicente - Sails for Portugal to be promoted to Governor-General

August 10(?), 1533 - Lisbon, Portugal - Returns to Portugal

December 19, 1533 - Lisbon - Four months after he had returned from his tiring journey, King John III sent him to serve in India with the post of Captain Major of the Indian Sea - the second position in the political-military hierarchy of the state of India, with a fixed stipend in 600,000 "reais" annually

March 12, 1534 - Lisbon - Sails for Goa as "Captain-Major of the Sea" with 5 ships. Portuguese sefaphardi jewish physician, naturalist and herbalist Garcia de Orta joins as the armada's Chief Physician

April 12, 1534 - Off the coast of Guinea - Letters to King John III and his cousin D.António de Ataíde, 1st Count of Castanheira

September 1(?), 1534 - Goa - The new "captain-major of the Sea" lands in Goa and takes office

September 15, 1534 - Diu - Letter to King John III

November 15, 1534 - Diu bar - Letter to D. António de Ataíde

January 19, 1535 - Goa - Letter to King John III

April 17, 1535 - Chaul - Letter to Dr. Pêro Vaz

September 1(?), 1535 - Off Chaul - Positioned with the armada in front of Chaul - Sails towards Diu

November 1, 1535 - Lathi, Kathiawar, Gujarat - Letter to D.António de Ataíde

December 12, 1535 - Diu - Letter to D.António de Ataíde

December 24, 1536 - Cochin - Letters to King John III and D.António de Ataíde: "India, my Lord, cannot be sustained without two things: peace with our neighbours and war with those who are not"

February 1(?), 1537 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - In Baçaim while the Sultan of Gujarat is drowned off Diu

December 15(?), 1537 - Cape Camorin (Southern tip of India) - Pursues a naval squadron sponsored by the Samorin of Calicut, "the largest and best armed of all that since 1525 crossed the Ceylon Sea, with 7,000 men", commanded by Pate Marakkar. After some time, Martim Afonso de Sousa decides to return to Cochin to gather a larger force

January 2, 1538 - Cochin - Sails from Cochin

January 18, 1538 - Coast of Malabar - Letter to D.António de Ataíde

February 20, 1538 - Bay of Vedalai, near Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu - Mappila leaders Ibrahim and Pattu Marakkar are defeated by the Portuguese. Martim Afonso de Sousa finds Pate Marakkar's squadron anchored in the Bay of Vedalai and completely destroys it, taking 23 barks, 400 cannons, 1500 firelocks and many prisoners. Also, a considerable number of portuguese slaves are set free. Martim Afonso is shot and wounded during the fight

February(?) 25(?), 1538 - Colombo, Ceylon - Arrives in Colombo

February(?) 28(?), 1538 - Kotte, Ceylon - Arrives in Kotte to see Bhunavekabahu VII, whom he reassures about the lessening of the threats that hang over his throne

April(?) 1(?), 1538 - Cochin - Returns to Cochin in apotheosis

May(?) 1(?), 1538 - Off Ezhimala Hill - Receives the news that another armada of Calicut was in transit between the coasts of Canará (Karavali) and Malabar. He sets sail again and the Battle off Ezhimala hill ensues, near Cananor (Cannanore/Kannur) - "The sea turns red with blood". After the battle, the Portuguese display many mappillas hanged from the yards to be seen from the beach at Cananor

November 15, 1538 - Goa - Letter to Fernão Álvares de Andrade

December(?) 1(?), 1538 - Goa - Departs to Portugal (aproximate date - information needed)

March(?) 1(?), 1539 - Lisbon, Portugal - Arrives in Lisbon (aproximate date - information needed)

March 22, 1539 - Lisbon, Portugal - Letter from D.António de Ataíde

March 24, 1539 - Lisbon - His brother Pêro Lopes de Sousa sails for India on the ship "Esperança Galega" as captain-major of a fleet of 6 ships

December 1(?), 1539 - While in Lisbon - Pêro Lopes de Sousa and the "Esperança Galega" disappear off Madagascar while returning to Portugal, probably sunk during a storm

January 24, 1541 - Almeirim, Portugal - Charter to Martim Afonso de Sousa - he is granted the privilege of having one of his sons succeed him, observing the regulatory condition of serving 2 years in Africa

Martim Afonso de Sousa

March 18, 1541 - Lisbon - Appointed Governor of India por by King John III

April 7, 1541 - Lisbon - New viceroy Martim Afonso de Sousa sails from Lisbon aboard the "Santiago" with Francis Xavier

August 1(?), 1541 - Island of Mozambique - Martim Afonso de Sousa arrives in Mozambique

March 15, 1542 - Island of Mozambique - Martim Afonso de Sousa sets sail for Goa

March 22(?), 1542 - Mailindi, Kenya - Stop at Mailindi, where they are visited by the local king

March 28, 1542 - While near Socotra Island - King John III signs a letter donating the town of Alcoentre to Martim Afonso de Sousa

April(?) 1(?), 1542 - Island of Socotra, Horn of Africa - Stop at Socotra to load fresh water

May 6, 1542 - Goa - Martim Afonso de Sousa and Francis Xavier arrive in Goa

October 25(?), 1542 - Bhatkal - Launches expeditions against Bhatkal, apparently as "anti-mappila" measure

December 23, 1542 - Cochin - Letter to King John III

December 1, 1543 - Goa - Letter to King John III

November 1(?), 1544 - Kannur (Cannanor/Cananor) - Inspects the fortress of Cannanore

December 18, 1544 - Chaul - Letter to King John III: "I covet villages because not only do I have none, but one that was owned by my father and my grandparents, others own it and its title given by Your Highness, and claimed by my relatives, others now have it"

December 23, 1544 - Goa - Letter to King John III

September 2, 1545 - Goa - Hands over the government of Portuguese India to D.João de Castro

December 15(?), 1545 - Goa - The stir between D.João de Castro and Martim Afonso de Sousa increases and he decides to depart for Lisbon

June 13, 1546 - Lisbon, Portugal - Returns to Portugal

March 1, 1547 - Lisbon - Announces to Fernão Alves de Andrade (nobleman of the royal house of KIng John III) his willingness to reimburse the Royal Treasury

March 8, 1552 - Alcoentre, Portugal - Issues a provision in order to compete for the factory of Bertioga Fortress (Brazil)

April 20, 1556 - Rio Maior, Portugal - Martim Afonso de Sousa returns to the King's favour and is appointed "Alcaide"(*) of Rio Maior

(*) Alcaide - Magistrate/Mayor of a Portuguese town

December 17, 1558 - Lisbon(?) - He is awarded the commandry of Mascarenhas, in the Order of Christ, replacing that of S.Tiago of Beja. The annual profit of the new honour was calculated at 500,000 reais

March 8, 1560 - Lisbon - Martim Afonso de Sousa and Ana Pimentel sign their Last Will and Testament

December 12, 1562 - Lisbon - Participates in the "Côrtes"(*) of Lisbon as the City's Attorney, trying to persuade Catarina of Austria to remain regent

(*) Côrtes -  Assembly of representatives of the estates of the realm, the nobility, clergy and bourgeoisie. It was called and dismissed by the King of Portugal at will, at a place of his choosing - O'Callaghan, J.F. (2003)

July 21, 1564 - Lisbon, Portugal - Martim Afonso de Sousa dies, aged 64 =(END)

Francisco de Almeida | Timeline

Dom Francisco de Almeida(*), also known as the Great Dom Francisco (c. 1450 – 1 March 1510), was a Portuguese nobleman, soldier and explorer. He distinguished himself as a counsellor to King John II of Portugal and later in the wars against the Moors and in the conquest of Granada in 1492. In 1505 he was appointed as the first governor and viceroy of the Portuguese State of India (Estado da Índia). Almeida is credited with establishing Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean with his victory at the naval Battle of Diu in 1509. Before Almeida returned to Portugal he lost his life in a conflict with indigenous people at the Cape of Good Hope in 1510. His only son Lourenço de Almeida had previously been killed in the Battle of Chaul. (Intro from Wikipedia)

(*) Dom - a title today almost extinct due to the implementation of the Republic in Portugal in 1910, is similar to the "Sir" title in Britain

January(?) 1(?), 1450 - Lisbon, Portugal - Francisco de Almeida is born

March 2, 1476 - Toro, Castile and León - Battle of Toro =(START)

January(?) 1(?), 1482(?) - Granada - Involved in the campaigns of the Granada War 1481-1492 (we'll complete this section when more details are researched or a contribution from a reader comes in)

February 27, 1505 - Lisbon - King Manuel I gives Francisco de Almeida the "letter of power" as Viceroy of India =(1495flag)

March 25, 1505 - Lisbon - Ferdinand Magellan departs for India in a fleet of 22 ships sent to

Armada of 1505 to India

host D. Francisco de Almeida as the first viceroy of Portuguese India =(1495flag)

March 29, 1505 - Off Madeira Island - The fleet sails off Madeira Island

April 6, 1505 - Cape Verde Islands - The Armada sails through the Cape Verde Islands

April 9, 1505 - Porto de Ale (Petite-Côte, SE Dakar) - The Armada makes a brief stop at Porto de Ale to resupply

April 15, 1505 - Porto de Ale - Francisco de Almeida resumes voyage and divides his Armada in two squadrons

April 20, 1505 - Line of the Equator - The fleet crosses the Line of the Equator

May 5, 1505 - South Atlantic Ocean - One of the ships in Almeida's squadron, the "Bella", springs a leak and begins to founder. The crew and cargo are distributed among other ships. After Almeida sends the faster squadron ahead, his slower squadron is now reduced to 12 ships

May 18, 1505 - While sailing in the South Atlantic Ocean - In Lisbon, six ships under Pêro de Anaia, considered a third squadron, set out to Sofala

June 26, 1505 - Cape of Good Hope - Francisco de Almeida's squadron doubles the Cape of Good Hope with some difficulty, meeting a violent storm on the other side, during which some ships are separated

July 3(?), 1505 - Primeiras Islands, SW Angoche, Mozambique - Almeida arrives to the Primeiras Islands and waits for the remaining ships

July 18, 1505 - Primeiras Islands - Almeida's squadron is reassembled. Of the 12 ships in his squadron, Almeida finds himself missing only two ships. Hearing nothing about the other squadron, Almeida decides to press on and sets sail north to Quiloa

July 23, 1505 - Quiloa (Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania) - Almeida arrives on the island-state of Quiloa with 8 ships. Without receiving the annual tribute owed to the King of Portugal, he lands 500 soldiers and takes Quiloa without opposition. A Fortress is built

August 8, 1505 - Quiloa - One of the missing ships of Almeida's squadron, the "Botafogo", arrives in Quiloa harbour and rejoins the others. He leaves instructions behind for the other squadron and departs from Quiloa, wary of the monsoon timing

August 13, 1505 - Mombasa - Almeida's fleet menacingly anchors before the island-city of Mombasa. Almeida sends out an ultimatum to Mombasa, offering peace in return for vassalship and tribute to Portugal.

August 14, 1505 - Mombasa - After the offer is rejected, the portuguese bombard and sack the city, taking 200 women slaves

August 27, 1505 - Mombasa - After sending news and his respects to the city of Mailindi, Almeida sets sail for India with 14 ships

September 13, 1505 - Angediva Island, India - Almeida alights on the Indian coast at the island of Anjediva. As per the orders received in Lisbon, Almeida immediately begins the construction of a Portuguese fortress on the island – Fort São Miguel of Angediva. He also erects the Church of Our Lady of Springs (Nossa Senhora das Brotas) 

October 16, 1505 - Angediva Island - Almeida departs for Honnavar (Rio de Onor), the homebase of the Hindu corsair known as Timoja (or Timaya), who had caused some trouble to earlier armadas, and whom Almeida feared might yet cause trouble for Anjediva

October 18, 1505 - Rio de Onor (Honnavar, India) - Almeida believes his suspicious are confirmed when he sees a significant number of Arab ships, alongside Timoja's own, in Onor harbour. Almeida accuses Onor's rulers of breaking the proferred truce and orders an attack on the port city. Resistance is fierce, but the Portuguese manage to sack and burn the harbour and break into the city. As they approach the palace, the governor pleads for peace. Almeida, who had been wounded in the process, suspends the fighting. In the aftermath, the corsair Timoja and the governor of Onor agree to swear an oath of vassalage and promise not to molest the Portuguese in Anjediva

October 24, 1505 - Rio de Onor (Honnavar, India) - Almeida sails south to Cannanore

October 27(?), 1505 - Cannanore - Arrival at Cannanore. Almeida visits the portuguese factory there and secures permission from the Kolathiri Raja of Cannanore to build a portuguese fort in the city

October 30, 1505 - Cannanore - Almeida sets sail to Cochin

November 1, 1505 - Cochin - Francisco de Almeida (and Ferdinand Magellan) arrive in Cochin

December 1, 1505 - Cochin - Almeida is informed that the portuguese in Quilon (Kollam) were massacred. He sends his son Lourenço de Almeida with 6 ships there,  reinforces Fort Manuel at Cochin and delivers a golden crown as a gift from King Manuel I of Portugal to the King of Cochin

December 16, 1505 - Cochin - Letter to King Manuel I

December 27, 1505 - Cochin - Letter to King Manuel I

March 10, 1508 - Cannanore - Letter to the King of Hormuz telling him "that from four captains of those there with Afonso de Albuquerque who had arrived in India, he had learned that, through his fault, war had broken out again with Ormuz, and that he therefore called him so that he received the punishment his faults deserved"

March 20(?), 1508 - While in Cannanore(?) - His son Lourenço de Almeida is surprised and killed at the Battle of Chaul

November 25, 1508 - Cochin - Sets sail to Diu, via Cannanore (again with Magellan)

December 4, 1508 - Cannanore - Arrival at Cannanore. Afonso de Albuquerque's ships are greeted by the Viceroy aboard the "Frol de la Mar" and other vessels

December 9, 1508 - Cannanore - Sails for Diu

On his way to Diu, Francisco de Almeida defeats a combined fleet of the Kingdom of Cambay. December 29, 1508 - Dabul (Dabhol) - After bombarding Dabul, portuguese soldiers land, slaughter and burn everyone in the town, in the bloodiest episode in Portuguese India (together with Vasco da Gama's destruction of a hajj pilgrim ship)

January 5, 1509 - Dabul - Francisco de Almeida sails for Diu, taking the "Frol de la Mar"

Battle of Diu, 1509

February 3, 1509 - Diu - Great Battle of Diu - Decisive portuguese victory over an alliance of ottoman turks, mamelukes, gujaratis, venetians and ragusans

March 8, 1509 - Cochin - Francisco de Almeida returns triumphant to Cochin

November 5, 1509 - Cochin - Afonso de Albuquerque becomes the second Governor of India. The former Governor (and Viceroy), D.Francisco de Almeida, embarks on board the "Garça" to Portugal

November 19, 1509 - Cochin - Sails for Cannanore

December 1, 1509 - Cannanore - D.Francisco de Almeida sets sail to Portugal with 3 ships

February 27(?), 1510 - Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa - Francisco de Almeida anchors at Table Bay to replenish water

March 2, 1510 - Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa - At the watering point, the portuguese are attacked by the khoikhoi people. Almeida (aged 59-60) and 64 of his men are killed (including António do Campo and other 10 of his captains) =(END)

Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) | Timeline

Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães, c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. (Intro from Wikipedia)

January(?) 1(?), 1480 - Porto, Portugal - Fernão de Magalhães is born
January(?) 1(?), 1490 - Lisbon(?) - After the death of his parents, Fernão becomes Page of Queen Leonor
March 25, 1505 - Lisbon - Fernão de Magalhães departs to India in a fleet of 22 ships sent to host Dom(*) Francisco de Almeida as the first viceroy of Portuguese India =(START)
March 29, 1505 - Off Madeira Island - The fleet sails off Madeira Island

April 6, 1505 - Cape Verde Islands - The Armada sails through the Cape Verde Islands
April 9, 1505 - Porto de Ale (Petite-Côte, SE Dakar) - The Armada makes a brief stop at Porto de Ale to resupply
April 15, 1505 - Porto de Ale (Petite-Côte, SE Dakar) - Francisco de Almeida resumes voyage and divides his Armada in two squadrons

April 20, 1505 - Line of the Equator - The fleet crosses the Line of the Equator
May 5, 1505 - South Atlantic Ocean - One of the ships in Almeida's squadron, the "Bella", springs a leak and begins to founder. The crew and cargo are distributed among other ships. After Almeida sends the faster squadron ahead, his slower squadron is now reduced to 12 ships
May 18, 1505 - Six ships under Pêro de Anaia, considered a third squadron, set out to Sofala
June 26, 1505 - Cape of Good Hope - Francisco de Almeida's squadron doubles the Cape of Good Hope with some difficulty, meeting a violent storm on the other side, during which some ships are separated
July 3(?), 1505 - Primeiras Islands, SW Angoche, Mozambique - Almeida arrives to the Primeiras Islands and waits for the remaining ships
July 18, 1505 - Primeiras Islands, SW Angoche, Mozambique - Almeida's squadron is reassembled. Of the 12 ships in his squadron, Almeida finds himself missing only two ships. Hearing nothing about the other squadron, Almeida decides to press on and sets sail north to Quiloa
July 23, 1505 - Quiloa (Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania) - Almeida arrives on the island-state of Quiloa with 8 ships. Without receiving the annual tribute owed to the King of Portugal, he lands 500 soldiers and takes Quiloa without opposition. A Fortress is built
August 8, 1505 - Quiloa (Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania) - One of the missing ships of Almeida's squadron, the "Botafogo", arrives in Quiloa harbour and rejoins the others. He leaves instructions behind for the other squadron and departs from Quiloa, wary of the monsoon timing
August 13, 1505 - Mombasa - Almeida's fleet menacingly anchors before the island-city of Mombasa. Almeida sends out an ultimatum to Mombasa, offering peace in return for vassalship and tribute to Portugal. 
August 14, 1505 - Mombasa - After the offer is rejected, the portuguese bombard and sack the city, taking 200 women slaves.
August 27, 1505 - Mombasa - After sending news and his respects to the city of Mailindi, Almeida sets sail for India with 14 ships
September 13, 1505 - Angediva Island, India - Almeida alights on the Indian coast at the island of Anjediva. As per the orders received in Lisbon, Almeida immediately begins the construction of a Portuguese fortress on the island – Fort São Miguel of Angediva. He also erects the Church of Our Lady of Springs (Nossa Senhora das Brotas) 
October 16, 1505 - Angediva Island - Almeida departs to Honnavar (Rio de Onor), the homebase of the Hindu corsair known as Timoja (or Timaya), who had caused some trouble to earlier armadas, and whom Almeida feared might yet cause trouble for Anjediva
October 18, 1505 - Rio de Onor (Honnavar, India) - Almeida believes his suspicious are confirmed when he sees a significant number of Arab ships, alongside Timoja's own, in Onor harbour. Almeida accuses Onor's rulers of breaking the proferred truce and orders an attack on the port city. Resistance is fierce, but the Portuguese manage to sack and burn the harbour and break into the city. As they approach the palace, the governor pleads for peace. Almeida, who had been wounded in the process, suspends the fighting. In the aftermath, the corsair Timoja and the governor of Onor agree to swear an oath of vassalage and promise not to molest the Portuguese in Anjediva
October 24, 1505 - Rio de Onor (Honnavar, India) - Almeida sails south to Cannanore.
October 27(?), 1505 - Cannanore - Arrival at Cannanore. Almeida visits the portuguese factory there and secures permission from the Kolathiri Raja of Cannanore to build a portuguese fort in the city
October 30, 1505 - Cannanore - Almeida sets sail to Cochin

November 1, 1505 - Cochin - Francisco de Almeida (and Ferdinand Magellan) arrive in Cochin
December 1, 1505 - Cochin - Almeida is informed that the portuguese in Quilon (Kollam) were massacred. He sends his son Lourenço de Almeida with 6 ships there,  reinforces Fort Manuel at Cochin and delivers a golden crown as a gift from King Manuel I of Portugal to the King of Cochin
March 1(?), 1506 - Cannanore - Magellan participates in the Battle of Cannanore, against forces of Calicut, Gujarat and ottoman turks - Portuguese victory

November 1(?), 1506 - Cochin(?) - Magellan is sent with Nuno Vaz Pereira to Quiloa and Sofala, in the eastern coast of Africa

November 25(?), 1506 - Melinde (Mailindi, Kenya) - Nuno Vaz Pereira takes Mailindi

December 15(?), 1506 - Quiloa (Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania) - Nuno Vaz Pereira reaches Quiloa
September 9, 1507 - Sofala, Mozambique - Sets sail back to Cochin with Nuno Vaz Pereira
March 1(?), 1508 - Chaul - Mamelukes of Egypt and gujaratis defeat a portuguese force in the Battle of Chaul.

November 25, 1508 - Cochin - Almeida sets sail to Diu, via Cannanore (again with Magellan)

December 4, 1508 - Cannanore - Arrival at Cannanore. Albuquerque's ships are greeted by the Viceroy aboard the "Frol de la Mar" and other vessels

December 9, 1508 - Cannanore - Sails for Diu
December 29, 1508 - Dabul (Dabhol) - On his way to Diu, Francisco de Almeida defeats a combined fleet of the Kingdom of Cambay. After bombarding Dabul, portuguese soldiers land, slaughter and burn everyone in the town, in the bloodiest episode in Portuguese India (together with Vasco da Gama's destruction of a hajj pilgrim ship)
January 5, 1509 - Dabul (Dabhol) - Francisco de Almeida departs to Diu
February 3, 1509 - Diu - Great Battle of Diu - Decisive portuguese victory over an alliance of ottoman turks, mamelukes, gujaratis, venetians and ragusans
August 18, 1509 - Cochin - Magellan departs to Malacca with Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
September 8, 1509 - Pedir (Pidie, Sumatra) - Lopes de Sequeira arrives at Pedir and finds five junks in the port. A "Padrão" (**) is erected there
September 11, 1509 - Malacca, Malaysia - Magellan arrives at Malacca in the fleet of Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
January(?) 1(?), 1510 - near the Maldives - Magellan is shipwrecked at the Padua shoals and is forced to return to India in a feat of survivability

January 15(?), 1510 - Cannanore - Forced return to Cannanore

February 10, 1510 - Cannanore - Albuquerque sails to Angediva with 23 ships and 1,800 men, with intention of going to Socotra

March 1, 1510 - Goa - The fleet reaches the mouth of the Mandovi River

March 4, 1510 - Panaji, Goa - Albuquerque assaults and takes Panaji Fort, which controled the access to Goa. Goan officials submit the city to the portuguese on the next day

May 17, 1510 - Goa - Almost surrounded by 40,000 men and under daily cannon fire, Albuquerque embarks to leave Goa, however, the monsoon makes it impossible to leave Mandovi River
August 4(?), 1510 - Angediva Island, South Goa - Magellan joins Afonso de Albuquerque's Council as the portuguese Governor waits for more ships and men
August 25, 1510 - Cannanore - Albuquerque begins to issue "mandates" of payments from the "Frol de la Mar"
September 1(?), 1510 - Cannanore - Afonso de Albuquerque issues orders to give armament to Magellan
September 22, 1510 - Cannanore - Last Albuquerque "mandate" issued from Cannanore
September 28, 1510 - Cochin - Albuquerque "Mandate" issued from Cochin
October 2, 1510 - Cochin - Magellan spends 200 "cruzados" in a business
October 10, 1510 - Cochin - Council at Cochin: Magellan gives advices to Afonso de Albuquerque against another attack on Goa
November 20, 1510 - Goa - Albuquerque reappears in the Mandovi River with his fleet
November 25, 1510 - Goa - Capture of Goa. During the next 3 days, 6,000 "moors" are killed
December 10, 1510 - Goa - Final surrender of Ismail Adil Shah and his ottoman allies. Goa is captured
April 20, 1511 - Goa - Afonso de Albuquerque sets sail to Malacca. Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) goes on the expedition
July 25, 1511 - Malacca - The first assault to Malacca fails
August 15, 1511 - Malacca - Conquest of Malacca, which ends the muslim and venetian trade
October 25, 1511 - Malacca - The portuguese complete the construction of a Fortress at Malacca, the "famous" (A Famosa)

November 5, 1511 - Malacca - Magellan departs Malacca for the Maluku Islands aboard António de Abreu's caravel "Santa Cruz". The "Sabaia", a captured goan ship and another caravel also sail under Abreu's command

January(?) 1(?), 1512 - Buru | Ambon, Malukku Islands - Reconnaissance of the Malukku Islands

February(?) 1(?), 1512 - Gugegule, SE tip of Seram, Banda Islands - António de Abreu (and Magellan) winter at Gulegule due to the monsoon

July(?) 1(?), 1512 - Banda Island - After loading the ships at Banda with spices, Abreu and Magellan set sail back to Malacca

August(?) 1(?), 1512 - Banda Sea(?) - During a storm, the fourth ship of the fleet, a junk who had joined them at Banda, sinks. The portuguese survivors reach Ternate where they settle for the rest of their lives

September 1(?), 1512 - Malacca - Abreu's surviving two ships return to Malacca
January 11, 1513 - Malacca - Magellan departs Malacca for Cochin aboard the caravel "Santa Cruz". The ships "Anunciada" and "Santo António" also sail for Cochin
February 10, 1513 - Cochin - Magellan reaches Cochin aboard António de Abreu's "Santa Cruz", then continues to Portugal
July(?) 1(?), 1513 - Lisbon, Portugal - Magellan returns to Lisbon, apparently rich (speculative date)
August 17, 1513 - Lisbon - Magellan sails for Azamor (Azemmour) on the expedition of D.Jaime, Duke of Braganza. The Armada consisted of 400 ships and 18,000 men (including 2,450 on horse). Martim 13-year-old Martim Afonso de Sousa, future governor of Portuguese India, may have gone with the expedition
August 28, 1513 - Mazagão (El Jadida, Morocco) - The armada reaches Mazagão (El Jadida). The army lands and the battle for Azamor begins
September 1, 1513 - Azamor (Azemmour, Morocco) - During the fight, Magellan is wounded on the knee, resulting in a permanent limp, and his horse killed with a spear. The portuguese win the battle of Azamor

September 2, 1513 - Azamor - The Duke of Braganza enters Azamor without resistance
March 29, 1514 - Azamor - Magellan writes to King Manuel I in order to have him pay in full the value of his horse
May 15, 1514 - Azamor - Magellan loses influence, accused of illegal trade and of being absent

September 4, 1514 - While in Azamor - King Manuel orders the payment of 200 "cruzados" to Magellan at Ponte de Lima, when he returns to Portugal

November 1(?), 1514 - Lisbon, Portugal - Returns to Lisbon 
July 4, 1515 - Lisbon - Magellan receives a letter from his friend Francisco Serrão in Ambon Island (written in 1514). He the passes power of attorney to his brother Duarte de Sousa so that he receives the amount of the debt that would be paid to him in Ponte de Lima (of which there is receipt of the payment dated of November 24, 1516)

July 20(?), 1515 - Azamor (Azemmour), SW Casablanca - Returns to Azamor to to gather proof of his innocence

March 30(?), 1516 - Lisbon, Portugal - Returns to Lisbon
April 15, 1516 - Santarém, Portugal - Magellan had already had an increase in his house, according to another order of King Manuel, to be paid 14,050 "reais" of his horseman's residence, at the rate of 1,250 "réis" per month plus a bushel of barley for the last 6 months of the year 1515 and the first 3 of this year he served in Azamor

April 24, 1516 - Lisbon - Letter to Francisco Serrão in Ambon Island. As the relations with King Manuel sour, Magellan asks his friend to wait for him because he would return to the Malukku Islands either under portuguese or spanish flag
January(?) 1(?), 1517 - Lisbon - Magellan asks for and is refused housing increase of 100 "réis"

May 19, 1517 - Lisbon - Receives the rest of the money owed to him
October 20, 1517 - Seville - Magellan arrives in Seville
October 28, 1517 - Seville - Magellan contacts the overseer of the "House of Contratación", to present a project to the Spanish King
December 28, 1517 - Seville - Magellan marries Beatriz Barbosa and decides to live in Seville
February 23, 1518 - Valladolid - Magellan signs a contract with the Spanish Crown. He meets Bartolomé de las Casas, who writes a physical description of the Portuguese navigator =(crossofburgundyflag)
March 2, 1518 - Valladolid - Magellan presents Charles V with a credible perspective of the Moluccas' location and manages to convince the monarch to support his very costly and risky project

March 22, 1518 - Seville - Charles V appoints Magellan and Faleiro as captains on the expedition to the Indies in July

October 22, 1518 - Seville - Magellan has four flags bearing his arms placed on the capstans (mechanism for lifting weights), while the "Trinidad" was being prepared. This causes an incident when several spaniards accuse him of putting the weapons of the King of Portugal there

October 24, 1518 - Seville - Letter to Charles V complaining about the incident with the flags bearing his arms
August 10, 1519 - Seville - Magellan sets sail from Sevilla and descends the Guadalquivir River, staying for five more weeks at Sanlúcar de Barrameda

August 24, 1519 - Seville - Signs his Last will and Testament
September 20, 1519 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain - Magellan sets sail for the Atlantic Ocean
September 26, 1519 - Tenerife,  Canary Islands - Anchor at Tenerife to load more provisions and freshwater

October 1, 1519 - Tenerife - A crewman abandons the fleet but another four join Magellan. The fleet weighs anchor on the next day

November 20, 1519 - Line of the Equator - The line of the Equator is crossed
November 29, 1519 - In sight of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Magellan arrives in Brazil and sights Cabo Frio (Cold Cape)
December 13, 1519 - Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro - Magellan's expedition stays for two weeks resting at Guanabara Bay

December 20, 1519 - Guanabara Bay - Crewman Antonio Salomón is tried and executed for homossexual practices
December 27, 1519 - Guanabara Bay - Magellan departs Guanabara Bay
January 10, 1520 - River Plate - Magellan heads south convinced that River Plate is not the passage he is looking for

February 27, 1520 - Off Puerto Deseado - Magellan passes the Deseado river and sails south. Seals and Sea Lions are hunted on a small island
March 31, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - Magellan anchors at San Julián
April 3, 1520 - Puerto San Julián - Mutiny during two days in one of the ships
April 7, 1520 - Puerto San Julián - After justice is done with the mutineers, Magellan decides to spend the winter there
August 24, 1520 - Puerto San Julián - Magellan weighs anchor and continues his voyage with four ships
October 21, 1520 - Cape Virgenes - Magellan seeks the entrance of the Strait to the Pacific. A storm helps him
November 11, 1520 - Strait of Magellan - Magellan enters the Strait that was named after him
November 28, 1520 - Pacific Ocean - Magellan reaches the end of the Strait
January 24, 1521 - Puka-Puka, French Polynesia - Landfall on an uninhabited island which Magellan names St.Paul
January 28, 1521 - Puka-Puka, French Polynesia - Magellan continues voyage
March 6, 1521 - Guam Island - Magellan reaches Guam after the long Pacific Ocean crossing
March 17, 1521 - Suluan and Homonhon Islands, Philippines - Arrival at the first islands of the Philippines. Magellan anchors at both in the same day
April 7, 1521 - Island of Cebu, Philippines - Magellan is guided by indigenous boats to the Island of Cebu
April 27, 1521 - Mactan Island, Philippines - Magellan is killed by lapu-lapu indians in Mactan Island, near Cebu City =(END)

(*) Dom, abreviation, D. - a portuguese equivalent of the british "Sir"/"Dame"
(**) A padrão was a marble marker, about fifteen feet high, bearing the coat of arms of the Portuguese Crown; these were setup in many parts of Asia and Africa as symbols of discovery and possession)

Bibliography
GARCIA, José Manuel - "O Terrível - A grande biografia de Afonso de Albuquerque", 2017