John III Sobieski | Timeline

John III Sobieski (Jan III Sobieski, 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696. Popular among his subjects, he was an able military leader, most famous for his victory over the Turks at the Battle of Vienna in 1683. The defeated Ottomans named Sobieski the "Lion of Lechistan", and the Pope hailed him as the saviour of Western Christendom. (Intro from Wikipedia)

August 17, 1629 - Olesko, Poland (today Ukraine) - Jan III Sobieski is born

January(?) 1(?), 1643 - Kraków, Poland - Graduates from Bartlomiej Nowodworski College in Kraków

January(?) 1(?), 1646 - Kraków - Graduates from the philosophical faculty of the University of Kraków

April(?) 1(?), 1646 - Kraków(?) - Jan and his elder brother Marek set out on a two and a half years educational journey to Germany (Leipzig and Berlin), the Netherlands (Antwerp, Brussels, Leiden and the Hague), France (Paris - almost a year - Chartres, Orléans, Blois, Angers, La Rochelle, Poitiers, Lyon and Marseille) and London

June 13, 1646 - While in Paris - His father, Jakub Sobieski, dies in Zółkiew (Zhovkva, Ukraine), aged 56

October(?) 1(?), 1648 - Warsaw, Poland(?) - Both brothers return to the Commonwealth due to the uprising led by Bohdan Chmielnicki and enlist in the army

November 6, 1648 - Zamość, NE Poland - Cossack leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky lays siege to Zamość =(START)

November 24, 1648 - Zamość - Khmelnytsky lifts the siege of Zamość when a royal army approaches

August 15, 1649 - Zborów (Zboriv, Western Ukraine) - Battle of Zborów - Cossack-Tatar coalition tactical victory

June 28, 1651 - Berestechko, western Ukraine - Battle of Berestechko (until June 30th) - Decisive Polish victory over the Zaporozhian cossacks and the Crimean Khanate. Sobieski is wounded in the head and evacuated

June 2, 1652 - While in Lwów (Lviv, western Ukraine) - Jan's brother Marek is taken prisoner and beheaded on the order of Bohdan Chmielnicki following the Battle of Batoh. Jan is saved from a similar death by a serious illness and long-term treatment in Lwów, which prevented him from taking part in the battle

July(?) 1(?), 1652 - Krasnystaw, SE Poland - Takes over the office of starost of Krasnystaw

December 3, 1653 - Zhvanets, near Khotyn (Ukraine-Romania-moldova border) - Battle of Zhvanets (until December 17th) against the Cossacks-Tartars

March 29, 1654 - Istanbul, Ottoman Empire - Arrives in Istanbul as a member of the retinue of the grand envoy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Mikolaj Bieganowski and spends two months there

May 21, 1654 - Istanbul - Leaves Istanbul

January 19, 1655 - Ochmatów (Okhmativ, Central Ukraine) - Battle of Ochmatów (until January 22nd) - Polish-Tartar victory

July 24, 1655 - Ujście, NW Poland - Battle and capitulation at Ujście (24-25 July)

October 16, 1655 - Ujście(?) - Krzysztof Opaliński (with Sobieski) and Bogusław Leszczyński, dissatisfied with policies of King John II Casimir of Poland, swear an oath of allegiance to King Carl X Gustav of Sweden =(changeflag)

February 18, 1656 - Gołąb, NW of Lublin, Poland - Battle of the Pigeon - Victory to the Swedes

March 11, 1656 - Jarosław, SE Poland - Battle of Jarosław (until March 15th) - Polish-Lithuanian victory

March 24, 1656 - near Łańcut, SE Poland - Abandons the swedes and returns to the side of King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland, enlisting under the command of hetman(*) Stefan Czarniecki =(originalflag). (*) Hetman - second-highest military commander in Poland

April 7, 1656 - Warka, S. of Warsaw - Battle of Warka - Victory against the Swedes

April 19, 1656 - Toruń, north-central Poland - Attacks the entrenchments of Toruń, together with Dymitr Wiśniowiecki

May 26, 1656 - Warsaw - Receives the position of the "chorąży koronny" (Standard-bearer of the Crown)

July 23, 1657 - near Międzyboże (Medzhybizh, Ukraine) - Surrender of the Transylvanian army of Jerzy II Rakoczy to polish commanders

July 28, 1658 - near Warsaw, Poland - Battle of Warsaw (until July 30th) - Commands a regiment of 2,000 Tartar cavalrymen. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is defeated by Sweden and Brandenburg

September 16, 1658 - Hadiach, Central-East Ukraine - Treaty of Hadiach between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Zaporozhian Cossacks, transforming the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth into a Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth - John III Sobieski was one of the polish negotiators

September 25(?), 1658 - Toruń, north-central Poland - Joins the Siege of Torun as part of a division under the command of Jerzy Lubomirski

December 30, 1658 - Toruń - The swedish garrison of Toruń capitulates

January 11, 1659 - Warsaw - Elected deputy to the Sejm (Polish Parliament) from the Lublin Voivodeship

March 19, 1660 - Warsaw(?) - Rewarded with the office of Starost of Stryj Castle and commander of the infantry regiment of the foreign army

September 14, 1660 - Lyubar, near Zhytomyr, Ukraine - Battle of Lyubar (until September 27th) - Polish victory

October 7, 1660 - Slobodyshche, SW of Zhytomyr, Ukraine - Battle of Slobodyshche against the Cossacks  - Stalemate

October 17, 1660 - Cudnów (Chudniv, near Zhytomir, Ukraine) - The Treaty of Chudnov is signed between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Cossacks. It restored most of the provisions of the Treaty of Hadiach. John III Sobieski was one of the negotiators

November 27, 1661 - Warsaw - His mother dies and he takes full control over the family property

March(?) 17(?), 1662 - Warsaw - Elected deputy of the Sejm

October 18, 1663 - Biała Cerkiew (Bila Tserkva, Ukraine) - The Polish army reaches Bila Tserkva for the Russian campaign of 1663, joining forces with the cossacks of Hetman Pawel Terera

October 31, 1663 - Rzyszczow (Rzyszcziw, Ukraine) - The polish army crosses the Dniester at Rzyszczow

January 22, 1664 - Głuchów, Ukraine-Russia border - Siege of Głuchów (until February 9th). Due to significant losses and the lack of sense to continue besieging the city, the polish army lifts the siege and moves on to Moscow

March(?) 17(?), 1664 - Warsaw - Member of the Sejm

March(?) 17(?), 1665 - Warsaw - Member of the Sejm

May 15, 1665 - Warsaw - Sobieski secretly marries Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien, widow of Count Jan Zamojski, during her period of mourning

May 18, 1665 - Warsaw - Promoted to the rank of Grand Marshal of the Crown

July 5, 1665 - Wilanów, Warsaw - Officialy marries Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien

April 30(?), 1666 - Warsaw - Promoted to Field Crown Hetman

July 12, 1666 - Mątwy, near Inowrocław, Central Poland - The Royal Army arrives at Mątwy - Skirmishes with rebel forces

July 13, 1666 - Mątwy - Battle of Mątwy - Polish-Lithuanian defeat against the rebels led by Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski

July 31, 1666 - Łęgonice, East-Central Poland - Signs the agreement of Łęgonice, ending the rebellion against the Polish King John II Casimir Vasa

October 6, 1667 - Podhajce (Pidhaitsi, western Ukraine) - Battle of Podhajce (until October 16th) - Polish-Lituanian victory

November 2, 1667 - While in Warsaw(?) - Son Jakub Ludwik (James Louis) Sobierski is born in Paris

February 5, 1668 - Warsaw - Promoted to Grand Hetman of the Crown, becoming the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army

September 16, 1669 - Warsaw - Signs the act confirming the abdication of John II Casimir Vasa

November 5, 1669 - Warsaw - Convocation of the Sejm

May 15, 1669 - Warsaw - Concludes an agreement with Primate Prażmowski, the Great Lithuanian Chancellor Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac and the Great Crown Treasurer Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, about supporting the candidacy of the Great Kondeusz to the Polish crown

June 19, 1669 - Warsaw - Election of King Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki

August 26, 1671 - Near Bratslav, Ukraine - Victory against the Cossack-Tartar army near Bratslav

April(?) 1(?), 1672 - Warsaw - In the Spring, he offers plans for the development of Polish foreign policy for the consideration of the Sejm

October 7, 1672 - Niemirów (Nemyriv, Western Ukraine) - Battle of Niemirów - Polish victory. Sobieski frees 12,000 civilians captured by the Tartars

October 9, 1672 - Komarno, Western Ukraine - Battle of Komarno - Polish victory. Sobieski frees 20,000 civilians captured by the Tartars

October 18, 1672 - Treaty of Buchach - Buczacz (Buchach, Ukraine) - The Commonwealth is forced to cede territories to the Ottomans

January(?) 1(?), 1673 - Warsaw - In the Winter, he offers plans for the development of Polish foreign policy for the consideration of the Sejm

April 1(?), 1673 - Warsaw - Negotiations at the Sejm

November 10, 1673 - While in Khotyn, Western Ukraine - King Michael I dies of food poisoning in Lwów, aged only 33

November 11, 1673 - Khotyn, Western Ukraine - Battle of Khotyn - Polish-Lithuanian victory

John III Sobieski
in the Battle of Khotyn, 1673

May 19, 1674 - Warsaw - Elected King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

June 11, 1675 - Jaworów (Yavoriv, Ukraine) - Secret Treaty of Jaworów between John III Sobieski and France - Poland promises to aid France against Brandenburg-Prussia, in exchange for French monetary subsidies and support for polish claims over Ducal Prussia

August 24, 1675 - Lwów (Lviv, Western Ukraine) - Battle of Lwów - Sobieski defeats the Ottoman and Tartar offensive

January 30, 1676 - Kraków, Poland - Grand entry into Kraków

February 2, 1676 - Kraków - Coronation ceremony for John III Sobieski

March 4, 1676 - Warsaw - Daughter Theresa Kunegunda is born

July 19, 1676 - Jaworów (Yavoriv, Ukraine) - Attends the baptism of Theresa Kunegunda in Jaworów

September 24, 1676 - Żurawno (Zhuravne, Western Ukraine) - The Battle of Żurawno begins against the Tartars

September 28, 1676 - Żurawno - An ottoman army under Ibrahim Seytan arrives and lays siege to Żurawno. Bombardment begins

October 5, 1676 - Żurawno - The ottoman bombardment stops. Sobieski is forced to abandon the first line of defence

October 14, 1676 - Żurawno - A truce between both sides is signed

October 17, 1676 - Żurawno - Treaty of Żurawno between the Polish-Lituanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire - Poland gains the return of the towns of Bila Tserkva and Pavoloch

August 4, 1677 - Gdańsk, Poland - Signs a secret treaty with Sweden in Gdańsk

September 6, 1677 - Gdańsk - Prince Aleksandr Benedykt is born

May 1, 1680 - Warsaw - Prince Konstanty Wladislaw is born

March 31, 1683 - Warsaw - Treaty of Warsaw - Jan III Sobieski allies with Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire

July 1(?), 1683 - Warsaw - An Austrian envoy asks for polish assistance against the ottomans besieging Vienna. Sobieski sets out to Kraków

August 15, 1683 - Kraków, Poland - Departs from Kraków to Vienna

August 31, 1683 - Hollabrunn, between Tulln and the Austrian-Czech border - Sobieski and the Polish Army reach Hollabrunn in Austria

September 6, 1683 - Tulln an der Donau, NW of Vienna - Sobieski and the Polish Army arrive in Tulln and are joined by Bavarians and Saxons under Charles V, Duke of Lorraine

Battle of Vienna, 1683

September 12, 1683 - Vienna, Austria - Jan Sobieski reaches Vienna and launches a devastating flank attack against the ottomans, led by his Polish Winged Hussars - Battle of Vienna - Decisive Christian Coalition victory

October 7, 1683 - Párkány (Štúrovo, Slovakia) - Battle of Párkány (until October 10th) - Christian Coalition victory

March 5, 1684 - While in Warsaw(?) - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth joins the Holy League. The Treaty is signed by representatives of th Holy Roman Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Republic of Venice, at Linz, Austria

May 24, 1684 - While in Warsaw(?) - The Treaty of the Holy League is sworn by Pope Innocent XI and most Cardinals in Rome

August 23, 1684 - Jazłowiec (Yazlovets, Western Ukraine) - Battle of Jazłowiec (until August 24th) - Polish-Lithuanian victory. Sobieski captures the castle in Jazłowiec

August 30(?), 1684 - Zhvanets, near Khotyn (Ukraine-Romania-moldova border) - In order to fortify the crossing of the Dniester, castles in Zwaniec and Khotyn were manned and the construction of a bridge was launched. Unfortunately the pouring rains, and thus swelling of water in Dniester did not allow to finish the construction and – more efficiently than the the enemy could have done – stopped the king's forces on the Polish side of the river.

September 29, 1684 - Zhnavets - Commander-in-chief Jablonowski and Crown vice chancellor Jan Gninski try to convince the King to abandon the moldavian campaign and focus on regaining Kamianets-Podolsk

July 21, 1686 - Khotyn, Western Ukraine - Sets out to Moldavia with 36,000 men and 88 cannons

August 15, 1686 - Cecora (Țuțora, Romania-Moldavia border) - The Polish army reaches Cecora

August 16, 1686 - Iași, NE Romania - Jan III Sobieski enters Iași

September 2, 1686 - Focșani, Eastern Romania - Due to the difficulty of marching on the steppe terrain in a dry and hot climate, Sobieski gives up the Budjak (southern Moldavia) campaign and decides to march back to Iași

September 14, 1686 - Iași - Returns to Iași

October 13, 1686 - Sniatyn, Western Ukraine - Sobieski returns to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

October 21, 1686 - Kraków, Poland(?) - The King gives up the First Command to the hands of the hetmans

March 24, 1688 - Warsaw - Speech to the Sejm accusing the anarchy of the gentry and foretelling the downfall of the Polish state

February 8, 1691 - Warsaw - Attends the marriage of his son, Prince Jakub Louis and Countess Palatine Hedwig Elisabeth of Neuburg

August 30(?), 1691 - Kraków, Poland(?) - Sobieski sets out to Moldavia with 30,000 men

September 13, 1691 - Pererita, Northern tip of Moldavia - Battle of Pereryta - Sobieski crosses the Prut and enters Moldavia, heading for Iasi

October 13, 1691 - Târgu Neamț, NE Romania - Short of food supplies, Sobieski abandons the march to Iasi and reaches Târgu Neamț. The town surrenders on the next day after a polish bombardment

October 20(?), 1691 - Suceava, NE Romania - Resting at Suceava

October 30(?), 1691 - Sniatyn, Western Ukraine - Sobieski returns to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

December 4, 1693 - Warsaw - Receives Reverend Carlo Mauritio Vota (italian jesuit) and listens to one of his speeches

August 15, 1694 - Warsaw - Marriage by proxy of Princess Theresa Kunegunda and Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria and governor of the Spanish Netherlands

January 1, 1695 - While in Warsaw - Princess Theresa Kunegunda arrives in Brussels

June 17, 1696 - Wilanów, Warsaw, Poland - Jan III Sobieski dies, aged 66 =(END)

Alexander the Great | Timeline

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia and Egypt. By the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders. (Intro from Wikipedia)

July 21, 356 B.C. - Pella, Macedon - Alexander III of Macedon (the Great) is born

January(?) 1(?), 345 B.C. - Pella - Menaechmus becomes Alexander's tutor

January(?) 1(?), 342 B.C. - Pella - Aristotle becomes Alexander's tutor at Pella

August 2, 338 B.C. - Chaeronea, Boeotia, Central Greece - Battle of Chaeronea against an alliance of city-states led by Athens and Thebes - Macedonian victory - Alexander commands the left wing of the macedonian army and Philip the right =(START)

January(?) 1(?), 337 B.C. - Dodona, Epirus, NW Greece - Alexander flees to Dodona with his mother and brother Alexander I of Epirus, after the marriage of his father Philip II with Cleopatra Eurydice, niece of Macedonian general Attalus

June(?) 1(?), 337 B.C. - Pella - Returns to Pella after 6 months

October 21, 336 B.C. - Aigai (Near Vergina, Northern Greece) - King Philip II of Macedon is assassinated, aged 46. Alexander succeeds his father to the throne of Macedonia at the age of 20

December 1(?), 335 B.C. - Pelium, Illyria (Albania) - Siege of Pelium - Macedonian victory. The Illyrians swear loyalty to Alexander for a time

December 15(?), 335 B.C. - Thebes, Boeotia, Central Greece - Alexander destroys the city of Thebes after the rebellion. He orders the execution of all male inhabitants and the enslavement of the women and children

April 1(?), 334 B.C. - Amphipolis, Macedon, Greece - Alexander leaves for Asia from Amphipolis at the head of a huge army

May(?) 1(?), 334 B.C. - Hellespont (Dardanelles Strait, Turkey) - Alexander crosses the Hellespont with 48,100 soldiers, 6,100 cavalry and a fleet of 120 ships (with crews numbering 38,000)

May 15(?) 334 B.C. - Granicus, Balikesir, NW Turkey - Battle of the Granicus against the Persian Achaemenid Empire - Macedonian victory - Cleitus the Black saves Alexander's life during the battle

June 1(?), 334 B.C. - Sardis (Sart, Turkey) - Accepts the surrender of the Persian provincial capital of Sardis

July 1(?), 334 - Miletus (Balat, SW Turkey) - Captures Miletus

September 1?), 334 B.C. - Halicarnassus (Bodrum, SW Turkey) - Lays siege to Halicarnassus, capturing the city and the whole region of Caria

December 1(?), 334 B.C. - Phaselis, 43km W. of Antalya, Turkey - Alexander captures Phaselis, near Kemer, Turkey

January 1(?), 333 B.C. - Perge (Murtina, near Aksu, Turkey) - Alexander occupies Perge with his army

April 1(?), 333 B.C. - Gordium (Yassıhüyük, SW of Ankara, Turkey) - At Gordium he is shown the legendary Gordian Knot. A prophecy said that whoever could untie it, he would rule the whole Asia. Alexander takes his sword and cuts it in half

September 1(?), 333 B.C. - Tarsus, South-central Turkey - Passes through Tarsus (Turkey), the Cilician capital city

October 1(?), 333 B.C. - Soli (Mezetlu, W. of Mersin, Turkey) - Alexander drives the Persians out of Cilicia. He imposes a fine of 200 talents on Soli for favoring the Persians

November 5, 333 B.C. - Issus, Anatolia (near Iskenderun, Turkey) - Battle of Issus - Macedonian victory over Persian King Darius III

January 1(?), 332 B.C. - Byblos | Sidon, Phoenicia (Lebanon) - Alexander arrives in Byblos (40 km north of Beirut, Lebanon) and Sidon

January 20(?), 332 B.C. - Tyre, Phoenicia (now Lebanon) - Alexander lays siege to Tyre, ordering the building of a causeway to the fortified island of Tyre

July 1(?), 332 B.C. - Tyre - The Macedonians storm the fortified city and capture it, killing around 6,000 soldiers inside the walls. Due to the duration of the siege and the Tyrians having executed some of his soldiers in full view of the Macedonians, Alexander orders the crucifixion of 2,000 Tyrians on the beach in reprisal. About 30,000 people are sold into slavery

September 1(?), 332 B.C. - Gaza, Persian Egypt (now Palestine) - Lays siege to Gaza and takes the city - The male population is killed. Women and children are sold into slavery. Alexander proceeds to the south towards Egypt

December 1(?), 332 B.C. - Pelusium (30km South of Port Said, Egypt) - Continues to Pelusium on the Nile Delta, where the Persian governor of Egypt surrenders the entire province to Alexander, along with the royal treasure

January 1(?), 331 B.C. - Memphis, Egypt - Crowned Pharaoh in the temple of Ptah at Memphis

February 1(?), 331 B.C. - Siwa, Egypt (near Libya) - Trip to the Siwa Oasis to consult the oracle of Amun-Ra

April 1(?), 331 B.C. - Alexandria, Egypt - Alexander the Great founds Alexandria in Egypt

May 1(?), 331 B.C. - Tyre, Phoenicia - Returns to Tyre, where he receives news of trouble back in Macedon

July 1(?), 331 B.C. - Euphrates River, Syria - Alexander begins his eastward movement into the heart of the Persian Empire. On the way, he receives a message that the Persian king Darius assembled a huge army in Gaugamela (100 km west of Erbil, northern Iraq) and he decides to go straight to face him

October 1, 331 B.C. - Gaugamela (100km West of Erbil, Northern Iraq) - Battle of Gaugamela - Major macedonian victory over King Darius III of Persia

October 20(?), 331 B.C. - Babylon (Hillah, Central Iraq) - Enters Babylon in triumph and is recognized by persian officials as its new rightful ruler

December 1(?), 331 B.C. - East of Susa (Shush, Khuzestan, Iran) - Battle of the Uxian Defile against the Uxian tribe of the Persian Empire - Macedonian Victory

December(?) 15(?), 331 B.C. - Susa - Alexander sits on the throne of Persia at Susa

January 20, 330 B.C. - Tang-e Meyran Pass, near Yasuj, Iran - Battle of the Persian Gate - Alexander defeats the Persians under Ariobarzanes, opening the way to capture Persepolis

January 25(?), 330 B.C. - Persepolis, Persia (NE of Shiraz, Iran) - Alexander reaches Persepolis, the Empire's ceremonial capital and orders the burning and pillaging of the city in retribution for the persian invasion of Greece in 480 B.C.

June 1(?), 330 B.C. - Ecbatana (Hamedan, Western Iran) - Heads northwest to the city of Ecbatana, where Darius had taken refuge. When he arrives in the city, Darius had fled east to raise an army. He pursues the Persian king eastwards

July 1(?), 330 B.C. - Thara, near the South Caspian Sea Coast - King Darius III is murdered by one of his governors, Bessus, who proclaims himself the Persian Empire's new ruler. Alexander pauses to organize his vast new Empire and gives orders for Darius to be buried in the royal tombs of Persepolis

September 1(?), 330 B.C. - Alexandria Ariana (Herat, NW Afghanistan) - Alexander founds the city of Alexandria Ariana (Herat, Afghanistan)

October 1(?), 330 B.C. - Phrada (Farah, Western Afghanistan) - Alexander heads south to Phrada. A plot to kill him is discovered. Philotas (one of his commanders) is accused and executed. Assassins are sent to kill his father, the Macedonian general Parmenion, before he learns of his son's execution.

October 15(?), 330 B.C. - While in Phrada - Parmenion is assassinated in Ecbatana

December 1(?), 330 B.C. - Alexandria Arachosia (Kandahar, Afghanistan) - Alexander resumes his pursuit of Bessus. He founds the city of Alexandria Arachosia (Kandahar, Afghanistan)

May 1(?), 329 B.C. - Drapsaca (Kunduz, NE Afghanistan) - Alexander crosses modern Afghanistan from the southwest to the northeast and reaches Kunduz, where Bessus is captured and sent back to Persia for execution for murdering a king

May 10(?), 329 B.C. - Bactra (Balkh, Northern Afghanistan) - Takes Bactra from the sogdians

June 1(?), 329 B.C. - Maracanda (Samarkand, Uzbekistan) - Alexander the Great conquers Samarkand from the sogdians

July 1(?), 329 B.C. - Cyropolis, near Khujand, Northern Tajikistan - Siege of Cyropolis

July 20(?), 329 B.C. - Alexandria Eschate, near Khujand, Tajikistan - Alexander founds the City of Alexandria Eschate (Alexandria the farthest)

October 1(?), 329 B.C. - Syr Darya River, near Khujand, Tajikistan - Battle of Jaxartes against the Saka, an iranian people - Macedonian victory

November 1(?), 329 B.C. - Maracanda - Alexander kills Cleitus the Black with a javelin during a drunken quarrel. He would be consumed by remorse for months

April(?) 1(?), 328 B.C. - Alexandria Oxiana (on the Oxus), Al-Khanoum, Afghanistan ( or Kampir Tepe, Uzbekistan) - Alexander founds Alexandria Oxiana (on the Oxus), Al-Khanoum, Afghanistan (or Kampir Tepe, Uzbekistan)

December 1(?), 328 B.C. - Nautaca (Uzunkir, near Shakhrisabz, between Samarkand and Karshi, Uzbekistan) - General Ptolemy captures Bessus at Nautaca

March 1(?), 327 B.C. - Sogdiana, Tajikistan - Siege of the Sogdian Rock (Early Spring). Sogdiana is captured and there Alexander falls in love at first sight with Sogdian (or Bactrian) Princess Roxana

April(?) 1(?), 327 B.C. - Bactra (Balkh, Northern Afghanistan) - Returns to Bactra. Another plot to kill him is uncovered. His page Hermolaus and accomplices are stoned to death

April?) 15(?), 327 B.C. - Bactra - Marries Princess Roxana, despite opposition from his companions and generals

May(?) 1(?), 327 B.C. - Kapisa, Alexandria in the Caucasus (Bagram, Afghanistan) - Decides to cross the Hindu Kush from Alexandria in the Caucasus

May 15(?), 327 B.C. - Cophen (Kabul) River, northern Pakistan - Cophen campaign (until March 326 B.C.)

September 1(?), 327 B.C. - Khyber Pass, Afghanistan-Pakistan border - Crosses the Khyber Pass

September 15(?), 327 B.C. - Massaga, Soastus (Swat) Valley, near Thana, Pakistan - After crossing the Swat valley, Alexander takes the Assacenian capital of Massaga

October(?) 1(?), 327 B.C. - Aornus Rock (Pir Sarai, 1600m, at the Indus River, Pakistan) - Siege of Aornus

March 1(?), 326 B.C. - Nysa, near Jalalabad, Eastern Afghanistan - Detour to Nysa, said to have been founded by Dionysius

April(?) 1(?), 326 B.C. - Taxila, near Islamabad - Alexander advances to Taxila and forges an alliance with the local king

May 1(?), 326 B.C. - Jhelum River, near Jhelum, northern Pakistan - Battle of the Hydaspes River - Macedonian Victory and annexation of Punjab - King Porus surrenders

August 31, 326 B.C. - Beas River, Himachal Pradesh, Northwest India - Alexander's army mutinies. His men had not seen their homes and families for 8 years. With the rumour of huge armies waiting for them in India, they refuse to advance any further. Alexander is furious but has no choice but to turn the army around and follow the rivers of Punjab to the southwest

November 1(?), 326 B.C. - Multan, Punjab, Pakistan - Mallian Campaign and siege of Multan (until February 325 B.C.) - Alexander is wounded in the chest and nearly killed while leading the assault on Multan

December 1(?), 326 B.C. - Patala (Hyderabad, Indus River Mouth, Pakistan) - On reaching the Indus River mouth, part of the army under Admiral Nearchus board ships and return to Persia by Sea

October(?) 1(?), 325 B.C. - Gedrosian Desert, Baluchistan (Iran, southern Pakistan) - Alexander crosses the Gedrosian Desert with part of his army. It would be the greatest mistake of his career

December 1(?), 325 B.C. - Hormuz, SE Iran - Reunites with Nearchus and the rest of his army

January 1(?), 324 B.C. - Pasargadae, NE of Shiraz, Iran - Alexander arrives in Pasargadae with light troops and restores the tomb of Cyrus I

February 1(?), 324 B.C. - Persepolis, Persia (NE of Shiraz, Iran) - Returns to Persepolis after crossing the Gedrosian desert (southern Pakistan). The journey under extreme heat and shortages of food and water leads to a terrible death toll in his army. On his arrival, Alexander has several of his viceroys and governors executed for corruption and robbing temples and tombs

March 1(?), 324 B.C. - Susa (Shush, Khuzestan, Iran) - At Susa, Alexander arranges a mass marriage of macedonian officers to 80 persian noblewomen, to strenghten bonds between his two kingdoms. He marries Princess Stateira II, daughter of Darius III of Persia

April?) 1(?), 324 B.C. - Opis (20km SE of Baghdad) - His army mutinies again, offended by Alexander's apparent preference of persian ways and persian advisors. He has the ring leaders executed and makes a speech for the soldiers reminding them of the battles they fought together, after which there's an emotional reconciliation

August(?) 1(?), 324 B.C. - Ectabana (Hamedan, Western Iran) - Arrives in Ectabana

October 1(?), 324 B.C. - Ecbatana - Hephaestion, Alexander's best friend and second in command, dies of typhoid fever, aged 32

January(?) 1(?), 323 B.C. - Cossaea region (between Ectabana and Susa) - Campaign against the mountain raiders of Cossaea

April(?) 1(?), 323 B.C. - Babylon (Hillah, Central Iraq) - Alexander returns to Babylon and receives embassies from the whole known world

Roman mosaic depicting Alexander the Great

May 28, 323 B.C. - Babylon - Entertains Admiral Nearchus

May 29, 323 B.C. - Babylon - Spends the day drinking with Medius of Larissa. Alexander is struck with pain after downing a large bowl of unmixed wine in honour of Heracles. poisoning is suspected immediately

June 11, 323 B.C. - Babylon - Alexander the Great dies after days of weakness and agony, aged 32 =(END)

Louis XIV | Timeline

Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (le Roi Soleil), was King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of a sovereign country in history. Louis XIV's France was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe. The King surrounded himself with a variety of significant political, military, and cultural figures, such as Mazarin, Colbert, Louvois, the Grand Condé, Turenne, Vauban, Boulle, Molière, Racine, Boileau, La Fontaine, Lully, Charpentier, Marais, Le Brun, Rigaud, Bossuet, Le Vau, Mansart, Charles Perrault, Claude Perrault, and Le Nôtre. (Intro from Wikipedia)

September 5, 1638 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louis Dieudonné, Dauphin of France, is born

April 21, 1643 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louis XIV is baptized. Cardinal Mazarin is the sponsor

May 14, 1643 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Death of King Louis XIII, aged 41. In his will he instructed that his wife Anne of Austria would not rule in his place as regent

May 18, 1643 - Paris - Anne of Austria has her husband's will annulled by the Parliament of Paris and becomes Regent of France. She declares that Mazarin would be her chief minister and head of her government

June 20, 1643 - Paris - Letter from Queen Christina of Sweden

June 28, 1643 - Paris - Letter from Queen Christina of Sweden

August 7, 1643 - Paris - Letter from Queen Christina of Sweden

September 19, 1643 - Paris - Letter from Queen Christina of Sweden

October 7, 1643 - Paris - Anne of Austria and her two sons leave the Louvre for the Palace-Cardinal, which becomes "Palais-Royal"

December 10, 1643 - Paris - André Le Nôtre receives from Louis XIV the patent of designer of the royal gardens

February 6, 1644 - Paris - Letter from Queen Christina of Sweden

January 9, 1645 - Paris - Letter from Queen Christina of Sweden

May 12, 1646 - Compiègne - Anne of Austria and Louis XIV travel to the Abbey of Saint-Corneille, in Compiègne

June 3, 1646 - Amiens - Anne of Austria and Louis XIV spend Corpus Christi in Amiens, where the king attends the rally for the annual war campaign in Flanders

August 2, 1647 - Dieppe - Louis XIV, Anne of Austria, Mazarin and the court arrive in Dieppe

August 3, 1647 - Dieppe - The King attends a simulacrum of naval combat

November 11, 1647 - Paris - Louis XIV falls ill with smallpox

November 21, 1647 - Paris - The king's condition worsens

November 29, 1647 - Paris - Mazarin announces to diplomats the reestablishment of the king

September 13, 1648 - Rueil-Malmaison, W. of Paris - The royal family leaves Paris for Rueil

September 22, 1648 - Rueil-Malmaison - Condé joins the royal family in Rueil

October 31, 1648 - Paris - Anne of Austria and Louis XIV return to Paris

December 6, 1648 - Paris - Colbert becomes king's advisor by letters patent

January 6, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Mazarin secretly takes Louis XIV, Anne of Austria and the court to the safety of Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye

January 7, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - The king orders the transfer of Parliament to Montargis . He is not obeyed

January 12, 1649 - While in Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Capture of the Arsenal and the Bastille by the Frondeurs

March 14, 1649 - While in Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Mazarin accepts many of the reforms demanded by the Parliament. In return, the Parliament supporters laid down their weapons and allowed Mazarin, Louis XIV and Anne of Austria to return to Paris

March 17, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Resumption of negotiations between the Court and the Fronde at the Château de Saint-Germain

March 30, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Saint-Germain-en-Laye agreements, accepted by the Parliament of Paris

April 30, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - The Court departs for Compiègne

July 13, 1649 - Compiègne - Gondi arrives in Compiègne to invite on behalf of the Parisians, Anne of Austria and Louis XIV to return to Paris

August 18, 1649 - Paris - Triumphal entry of the king into Paris

February 1, 1650 - Paris - The Royal family and Mazarin depart for Rouen

February 5, 1650 - Rouen - Louis XIV and Mazarin arrive in Rouen

February 24, 1650 - Paris - The Court is back in Paris

March 5, 1650 - Paris - The Court departs for Dijon

March 21, 1650 - Seurre, S. of Dijon - Louis XIV visits the Duke of Vendôme, who laid siege to Bellegarde (Seurre)

April 21, 1650 - Seurre - The royal army enters Seurre

May 2, 1650 - Paris - The Court returns to Paris

June 2, 1650 - Paris - The Court departs for Compiègne

June 29, 1650 - Compiègne - Louis XIV and Mazarin leave Compiègne for Paris

July 4, 1650 - Paris - The Court leaves Paris for Guyenne

August 11, 1650 - Island of Saint-Georges, upstream of Bordeaux - The royal troops seize the island of Saint-Georges , upstream of Bordeaux

August 26, 1650 - Cenon - Mazarin arrives at camp Cenon and shows the young Louis XIV, the top of a hill, the city of Bordeaux under siege 

September 5, 1650 - Cenon(?) - The royal army begins the attack on Bordeaux

September 28, 1650 - Bourg - Peace is signed between the Court and the Bordelais

October 5, 1650 - Bordeaux - Louis XIV and Anne of Austria solemnly enter Bordeaux

November 7, 1650 - Fontainebleu - The Court arrives in Fontainebleu

November 15, 1650 - Paris - The Court returns to Paris 

April 18, 1651 - Versailles - Louis XIV visits Versailles for the first time

July 31, 1651 - Paris - Condé finds the King in Paris and salutes him from his carriage

September 7, 1651 - Paris - Parliament of Paris declares 13-year-old Louis XIV of full age. Anne of Austria ceases to be regent and becomes head of the Council =(START)

September 27, 1651 - Fontainebleu - The Court leaves Paris for Fontainebleu to fight the army of Condé

October 7, 1651 - Bourges - The Court arrives in Bourges

October 8, 1651 - Bourges - Declaration of the King against Condé

October 25, 1651 - Poitiers - The Court leaves Bourges for Poitiers to monitor the pacification of the west and South-west in revolt

December 12, 1651 - Poitiers(?) - Louis XIV recalls Cardinal Mazarin

February 28, 1652 - Poitiers(?) - The Court decides to return to Paris

March 10, 1652 - Tours - The Court reaches Tours

March 12, 1652 - Amboise - The Court reaches Amboise

March 15, 1652 - Blois - The Court arrives at Blois

April 1, 1652 - Gien, SE Orléans - The Court arrives in Gien

April 4, 1652 - Gien - The royal army cross the Loire River at Gien before Louis XIV

April 8, 1652 - Gien - The King leaves Gien for Saint-Germain via Melun, escorted by Turenne's troops

April 23, 1652 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Turenne's troops camp at Châtres to protect the court at Saint-Germain (as the princes army occupies Étampes)

May 24, 1652 - Melun - The Court moves to Melun

May 28, 1652 - Étampes - Mazarin brings Louis XIV to Étampes

June 28, 1652 - Saint-Denis - The Court is at Saint-Denis. Mazarin allows bread to be delivered to the Parisians, on condition that they maintain strict neutrality in the battle which will be fought

July 17, 1652 - Pontoise - The Court settles in Pontoise

July 30, 1652 - While in Pontoise - End of the unity of the "Fronde of the Princes", when the Duke of Nemours is killed by his brother-in-law, the Duke of Beaufort, in a pistol duel behind Hôtel de Vendôme

July 31, 1652 - Pontoise - Louis XIV signs a declaration ordering the transfer to Pontoise of the Parliament of Paris

August 6, 1652 - Pontoise - Louis XIV summons members of Parliament to Pontoise who intend to remain faithful to him. Fourteen parliamentarians who left discreetly from Paris went there one by one. They held their first meeting on August 7 in the barn of the Cordeliers convent and recorded the royal declaration which installed them in Pontoise. They respectfully ask the king to remove Mazarin

August 12, 1652 - Pontoise - Louis XIV promises to remove Mazarin to restore civil peace

August 21, 1652 - Compiègne - The Court moves to Compiègne

August 26, 1652 - Compiègne - The king grants an amnesty to his rebellious subjects, but the princes reject it

September 17, 1652 - Compiègne - Order from the king authorizing the Parisians to take up arms against the Frondeurs with a view to “reestablishing rest and complete obedience to His Majesty”

September 28, 1652 - Pontoise - The court returns to Pontoise

October 17, 1652 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - The Court moves to Saint-Germain-en-Laye

October 21, 1652 - Paris - Re-enters Paris with Anne of Austria and Turenne

October 26, 1652 - Paris - The king decides to recall Cardinal Mazarin

December 16, 1652 - Paris - Orders from the king to arrest cardinal de Retz

February 3, 1653 - Paris - Le Bourget - Mazarin returns triumphantly to Paris. Louis XIV meets him at Le Bourget

15-year-old Louis XIV as Apollo,
the "Sun-King", 1653

February 23, 1653 - Salle du Petit-Bourbon, Louvre - Debut of 15-year old Louis XIV in the
"Ballet Royal de la Nuit" as Apollo, the Sun-King. The Dauphin is impressed by Lully

July 4, 1653 - Paris - Louis XIV and Mazarin attend a fireworks display on the Place de Grève. Banquet offered by the municipality

September 9, 1653 - Mouzon - Turenne (with the king) lays siege to Mouzon

September 28, 1653 - Mouzon - Turenne captures Mouzon in presence of the king

October 22, 1653 - Sainte-Menehould - Turenne (with the king) lays siege to Sainte-Menehould

November 26, 1653 - Sainte-Menehould - Turenne captures Sainte-Menehould in presence of the king

March 21, 1654 - Paris - Louis XIV, followed by the dukes of Guise, Joyeuse, d'Épernon, de Candale, the marshals of Gramont, Plessis-Praslin, the archbishop of Reims and the bishop of Beauvais move to the parliament of Paris to order that Condé be judged in absentia. In presence of the king and the peers of France, the assembled chambers of parliament condemn the prince of Condé (who is deprived of the name of Bourbon) to the death penalty for high treason. Viole, Lenet, de Persan and Marsin are convincted of lèse-majesté and felony and condemned to have their heads cut off. For the time being, they are executed in effigy (in absentia) at Place de Grève 

May 30, 1654 - Paris - The Court leaves Paris for Reims

June 7, 1654 - Reims - Coronation of King Louis XIV in Reims. Gaston d'Orléans refuses to attend

June 24, 1654 - Rethel - Louis XIV and Mazarin attend a preaching by Cosnac in Rethel, who is made bishop of Valence

June 28, 1654 - Rethel - The Court moves to Sedan

July 1, 1654 - Sedan - Louis XIV orders the production of a copper coin, the "liard"

August 6, 1654 - Stenay - Capture of Stenay in presence of the king

August 13, 1654 - Péronne - The Court moves to Péronne

April 13, 1655 - Paris - Session of the "flagellation" in Parliament: during a litigation, Louis XIV brutally intimates the magistrates to have to obey him. Having learned that the Parliament will allow itself to deliberate on edicts recorded in its presence, the king reprimends it, proceeding "in a strange and very different way from that of its predecessors". 16-year-old Louis XIV, in hunting clothes, says: "Monsieur le first president, I forbid you to suffer any assembly and not one of you to ask for it". It was on this occasion that Louis XIV was credited with the apocryphal phrase: “The State is me”

May 7, 1655 - Paris - Letter to Pope Alexander VII demanding the punishment of Retz

July 14, 1655 - Landrecies - Turenne captures Landrecies

July 23, 1655 - Guise - The king arrives in Guise

September 7, 1655 - Paris - The Court returns to Paris

November 3, 1655 - Paris - First treaty between France and England against Spain

April 27, 1656 - Paris - Royal Edict establishing the general hospital for the confinement of the poor beggars of the city of Paris

May 25, 1656 - Saint-Mandé - Nicolas Fouquet receives the whole court at Saint-Mandé

June 1, 1656 - Paris - The king gives full powers to Hugues de Lionne to begin secret peace talks with Don Luis de Haro in Madrid

September 20(?), 1656 - Compiègne - Queen Christina of Sweden is officially received by the Court

December 29, 1656 - Paris - Louis XIV begins an affair with Marie Mancini

January 1, 1657 - Paris - Attends a preaching by Cosnac, with Anne of Austria

March 23, 1657 - Paris - Treaty of Paris between France and England. Mazarin concludes a secret military alliance with Cromwell intended to drive the Spaniards from maritime Flanders in exchange for the city of Dunkirk

August 5, 1657 - Montmédy - Turenne captures Montmédy in presence of Louis XIV

August 27, 1657 - Saint-Venant - Turenne captures Saint-Venant in presence of Louis XIV

November 11, 1657 - Saint-Martin - Fouquet receives king Louis XIV and Cardinal Mazarin

January 7, 1658 - Louvre Palace, Paris - Performance of "Astyanax or the Hero of France" before the Court

February 4, 1658 - Luxembourg Palace, Paris - Ball in Luxembourg Palace

April 25, 1658 - Paris - The Court leaves Paris

May 25, 1658 - Near Dunkirk - Turenne (with Louis XIV) attacks Dunkirk

June 25, 1658 - Dunkirk - As promised, Louis XIV himself gives William Lockhart the keys to the city

June 29, 1658 - Calais - Louis XIV falls seriously ill with food poisoning

July 8, 1658 - Calais - The king recovers his health

July 22, 1658 - Calais - The king leaves Calais lying in a coach to recover in Compiègne

July 25(?), 1658 - Compiègne - Arrives in Compiègne

July 28, 1658 - Fontainebleu - The court departs for Saint-Jean-de-Luz

August 14, 1658 - Paris - Returns to Paris

October 24, 1658 - Louvre Palace, Paris - Successful performance of Pierre Corneille's "Nicomède" and Molière's "Le Docteur Amoureux" in front of Louis XIV, Anne of Austria and the Court at the Louvre

October 26, 1658 - Paris - After hearing mass at Notre Dame, the court leaves Paris for Lyon

November 18, 1658 - Dijon - "Bed of justice" of the king in the Parliament of Dijon

November 24, 1658 - Lyon - The court arrives in Lyon

December 15(?), 1658 - Lyon - An envoy of the King of Spain, Don Antonio Pimentel, arrives incognito in Lyon. He offers Mazarin to give the hand of the Infanta Marie-Thérèse to Louis XIV

January 13, 1659 - Lyon - The court departs for Paris

January 28, 1659 - Paris - The Court arrives in Paris

May 18, 1659 - Paris - Louis XIV receives the spanish envoy Don Antonio Pimentel

June 21, 1659 - Paris - Louis XIV says goodbye to Marie Mancini

July 17, 1659 - Vaux - The court visits Vaux. Fouquet offers the court a country snack

August 19, 1659 - Bordeaux - The Court arrives in Bordeaux

October 6, 1659 - Bordeaux - The Court leaves Bordeaux for Toulouse

October 14, 1659 - Toulouse - Louis XIV makes his entrance in Toulouse

November 7, 1659 - While in Toulouse - Signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees and the marriage contract of Louis XIV and Maria Teresa of Austria at the Isle of Pheasants, French-Spanish Border

December 28, 1659 - Toulouse - The court departs for Montpellier

January 5, 1660 - Montpellier - The Court arrives in Montpellier

January 9, 1660 - Nîmes - The Court arrives in Nîmes

January 17, 1660 - Aix-en-Provence - The Court arrives in Aix-en-Provence

January 27, 1660 - Aix-en-Provence - Condé begs forgiveness to King Louis XIV and he grants it to him

February 7, 1660 - Toulon - The Court arrives in Toulon

February 23, 1660 - Aix-en-Provence - The Court returns to Aix-en-Provence

March 2, 1660 - Marseille - The King makes his entrance in Marseille

March 4, 1660 - Château d'If - Excursion to the Château d'If

March 8, 1660 - Aix-en-Provence - The Court returns to Aix-en-Provence

March 19, 1660 - Avignon - The Court reaches Avignon

April 1(?), 1660 - Montpellier - The court reaches Montpellier. Mazarin suffers an acute attack of gout

April 8, 1660 - Narbonne - The court arrives in Narbonne without Mazarin, who stays behind in Montpellier with an acute attack of gout

April 20, 1660 - Toulouse - The court arrives in Toulouse

April 30, 1660 - Dax - The court arrives in Dax

May 1, 1660 - Bayonne - The Court reaches Bayonne

May 8, 1660 - Saint-Jean-de-Luz (southwestern corner of France) - The Court reaches Saint-Jean-de-Luz

June 6, 1660 - Isle of Pheasants, French-Spanish Border - Meeting of Philip IV of Spain and Louis XIV on the island of the Pheasants; the two kings swear to faithfully execute the treaties. Philip IV is presented to Turenne and addresses his sister, Queen Anne of Austria: “here is a man who made me spend many bad nights"

June 7, 1660 - Isle of Pheasants - Louis XIV and his court meet Maria Teresa of Spain

June 9, 1660 - Saint-Jean-de-Luz - Louis XIV marries Maria Teresa of Spain (who becomes known as Marie-Thérèse)

June 23, 1660 - Bordeaux - The Court arrives in Bordeaux

June 27, 1660 - Brouage - The king leaves the court to visit Brouage and cry at the place of his love affair with Marie Mancini

July 8, 1660 - Chambord - Condé and the Duc d'Enghien arrive to greet the King at Chambord

July 10, 1660 - Vaux - Fouquet receives the King and the Queen in Vaux

July 13, 1660 - Fontainebleu - The Court returns to Fontainebleu

August 26, 1660 - Paris - The newlyweds make the traditional "Joyous Entry" into Paris

October 25, 1660 - Versailles - Louis XIV leads Marie-Thérèse (Maria Teresa of Austria) to Versailles

Louis XIV, 1661

February 19, 1661 - Louvre Palace, Paris - The king dances the "ballet of Impatience" at the Louvre

February 22, 1661 - Louvre Palace - The king dances the "ballet of Impatience" at the Louvre

February 26, 1661 - Louvre Palace - The king dances the "ballet of Impatience" at the Louvre

February 28, 1661 - Louvre Palace - The king dances the "ballet of Impatience" at the Louvre

March 1(?), 1661 - Vincennes - Letters Patent of the King to Establish a Royal Academy of Dance in the City of Paris

March 9, 1661 - Vincennes - After Mazarin's death, Louis XIV proclaims his political majority, telling ministers that from then on he would be his own Prime Minister

April 20, 1661 - Fontainebleu - The court moves to Fontainebleu

May 4, 1661 - Fontainebleu - Louis XIV secretly decides upon Nicolas Fouquet's disgrace

July 22, 1661 - While in Fontainebleu - The Marquis de Créquy, protegé of Fouquet, takes the oath for the office of captain general of the galleys. This appointment allows Fouquet to take control of the Toulon and Marseille fleets. Louis XIV learns of this and shows himself to be very irritated

July 23, 1661 - Fontainebleu - The "Ballet des Saisons" is danced at Fontainebleu. Louise de La Vallière plays the role of Nymph there and becomes Louis XIV's mistress

August 17, 1661 - Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, Maincy SE Paris - Fouquet throws a splendid inauguration party of the Vaux-le-Vicomte castle. Performance of the Ballet-Comedy "Les Fâcheux" before Louis XIV and his Court. Music by Lully

August 29, 1661 - Fontainebleu - The king departs for Nantes

September 1, 1661 - Nantes - Louis XIV arrives in Nantes

September 2, 1661 - Nantes - Louis XIV summons D'Artagnan. He was feverish and presented himself in a bad state before the king. He postpones the arrest of Nicolas Fouquet for two or three days for d'Artagnan to recover

September 5, 1661 - While in Nantes - Nicolas Fouquet is arrested by D'Artagnan, by orders of Louis XIV

November 1, 1661 - Fontainebleu - The "Grand Dauphin" Louis is born

December 5, 1661 - Paris - The court moves to Paris

December 8, 1661 - Chartres - Religious trip to Chartres, with the Queen

March 24, 1662 - Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Baptism ceremony of the Grand Dauphin

June 5, 1662 - Tuileries Garden, Paris - Ceremony of the "Grand Carrousel" near the Louvre, to celebrate the birth of the Dauphin

August 1, 1662 - Paris - Louis XIV and around him Séguier, Turenne and Villeroy, receives the presidents of chambers and six advisers of the Chamber of Justice and accuses them of violating his judgments.

October 11, 1662 - Paris - The king summons magistrate Lamoignon to the Louvre and tells him that he has chosen the two rapporteurs of Fouquet's trial

October 27, 1662 - Paris - Treaty between France and England. Purchase of Dunkirk and Mardyck for £400,000 from Charles II of England

November 18, 1662 - Paris - Birth of princess Anne-Élisabeth de France

December 2, 1662 - Dunkirk - Louis XIV enters Dunkirk in triumph

December 30, 1662 - Paris - Princess Anne-Élisabeth dies in infancy

January 6, 1663 - Louvre Palace, Paris - Banquet at the Louvre, at the end of which Molière's "École des femmes" is played, for great amusement of the king, the queen-mother and Colbert

January 8, 1663 - Louvre Palace - Benserade's "Ballet des Arts" is played at Court. The king dances with Lully's music

February 24, 1663 - Paris - Louis XIV dissolves the compagnie de la Nouvelle-France

September 15, 1663 - Versailles - The court moves to Versailles

October 14, 1663 - Versailles - Molière's "L'impromptu de Versailles" is performed in Versailles

November 18, 1663 - Paris - Oath of renewal of the alliance between France and the Swiss at Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris in the presence of Louis XIV and Swiss ambassadors such as Leonhard Meyer

December 19, 1663 - Paris - Birth of the king's first child with Louise de Vallière, Charles de Bourbon

January 29, 1664 - Louvre Palace, Paris - Performance of Molière's "Le Mariage Forcé". Music by Lully

February 13, 1664 - Palais-Royal - Ballet de Cour - Les Amours déguisés

May 7, 1664 - Palace of Versailles - Young King Louis XIV offers 3 days of entertainment to some six hundred guests under the title "Les Plaisirs de l'Ile enchanté"

May 12, 1664 - Palace of Versailles - Premiere of "Tartuffe" as part of the festivities known as "Les Plaisirs de l'Ile enchanté". It causes scandal and censorship

June 6, 1664 - Fontainebleu - Cardinal de Retz arrives to pay his respects to Louis XIV in Fontainebleu

August 3, 1664 - Fontainebleu - First meeting of the Royal Council of Commerce. Lully's incidental music between the acts of "Oedipe", by Pierre Corneille

August 10, 1664 - Paris - The king asks Fouquet and the chamber of justice to join him in Paris

November 16, 1664 - Paris - Daughter Marie Anne is born

November 18, 1664 - Paris - Viaticum is administered to the Queen

November 19, 1664 - Paris - Fouquet's mother applies a plaster to the Queen and heals her

December 26, 1664 - Paris - Daughter Marie Anne dies in infancy

June 13, 1665 - Théâtre du Palais-Royal, Paris - Performance of "La Coquette ou Le Favori" for King Louis XIV, which gives his protection to the troupe, which becomes "La troupe du Roi au Palais-Royal"

September 22, 1665 - Palace of Versailles - Premiere of "L'Amour médecin" in front of Louis XIV. Music by Lully

Louis XIV and Colbert, 1666

January 9, 1666 - Versailles - Ballet de Cour - Le troupe de Bacchus

January 22, 1666 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - The king moves to Saint-Germain-en-Laye

January 26, 1666 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - France declares WAR against England

June 4, 1666 - Théâtre du Palais-Royal, Paris - Premiere of Molière's "Le Misanthrope"

August 6, 1666 - Théâtre du Palais-Royal, Paris - Premiere of Molière's "Le Médecin malgré lui"

January 2, 1667 - (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris) - Daughter Marie Thérèse is born

January 5, 1667 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louis XIV plays a moorish gentleman in Molière's "Le Sicilien"

March 31, 1667 - While in Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Treaty of Lisbon - Offensive and defensive alliance between France and Portugal in the War of Devolution

May 8, 1667 - While in Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Ultimatum to the Queen-Regent of Spain to claim part of his wife's inheritance

May 24, 1667 - While in Saint-Germain-en-Laye - French troops invade Flanders and occupy Armentières. The War of Devolution begins

July 30, 1667 - Arras - Louis XIV and Marie-Thérèse enter in Arras

August 6, 1667 - Termonde (Dendermonde) - Louis XIV lays siege to Termonde. The besieged break the dikes and the siege is lifted

August 11, 1667 - Lille - Louis XIV and Vauban lay siege to Lille

August 28, 1667 - Lille - Lille is captured

Palace of Versailles, 1668

January 16, 1668 - Tuileries Garden, Paris - Performance of "Amphitryon" at the Tuileries Garden in the presence of Louis XIV

February 2, 1668 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louis XIV leaves Saint-Germain to personally accompany the Army

February 13, 1668 - Dole - Dole is captured after 7 days siege

February 24, 1668 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louis XIV returns to Saint-Germain

March 24, 1668 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Celebration of the baptism of the Grand Dauphin, now 7 years old, with the motet "Plaude laetare Gallia" by Lully

July 18, 1668 - Versailles - Grand Divissement Royal to celebrate the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Performance of Molière's "George Dandin" with music by Lully

August 5, 1668 - (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris) - Son Philippe Charles (Duke of Anjou) is born

October 24, 1668 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - The king receives Antoine Arnauld

February 13, 1669 - Tuileries Palace - Ballet de Cour - Ballet Royal de Flore

June 28, 1669 - Tuileries Palace(?) - Louis XIV signs the "Privilege granted to Sieur Perrin for the establishment of an Academy of Opera in music & french verse"

February 7, 1670 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louis XIV plays both Neptune and Apollo in Molière's "Les Amants magnifiques"

June 1, 1670 - While in Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Treaty of Dover, signed between Louis XIV and Charles II of England

October 14, 1670 - Chambord - Performance of "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme". Music by Lully

November 24, 1670 - Paris - Louis XIV initiates the project of "Les Invalides" by an order for a home and hospital for aged and unwell soldiers

December 19, 1670 - Tuileries Palace - Louis XIV receives an embassy of the King of Ardra, Toxunu

January 17, 1671 - Théâtre des Tuileries, Paris - Performance of "Psyché" before the Royal Court, with music by Lully

April 23, 1671 - Château de Chantilly, N. of Paris - Condé offers a 3-day banquet for 2,000 people in honor of King Louis XIV, organized by Maître d'hôtel François Vatel

April 24, 1671 - Château de Chantilly - Maître d'hôtel François Vatel "is so distraught about the lateness of the seafood delivery and about other mishaps that he commits suicide" (wikipedia)

April 25, 1671 - Château de Chantilly - François Vatel's suicide is kept a secret so as not to disturb the guests and the banquet is a success

July 10, 1671 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Son Philippe Charles (Duke of Anjou) dies, less than 3 years old

July 17, 1671 - While in Saint-Germain-en-Laye - The Royal visit to the port of Rochefort and to the "Soleil-Royal" is cancelled

January 23, 1672 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louis XIV informs the governor general of the French islands of America, Jean-Charles de Baas, of his resolution to wage war on Holland and asks him to speed up the construction of the Fort-Royal in Martinique with a view to inevitable Dutch attack on the French islands

March 1, 1672 - (Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris) - Daughter Marie Thérèse dies aged 5

April 6, 1672 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye(?) - Louis XIV announces the beginning of the War between France and the United Provinces

May 5, 1672 - Charleroi - Louis XIV arrives in Charleroi

May 11, 1672 - Charleroi - Turenne, with Louis XIV leaves Charleroi and invades the Spanish Netherlands

June 12, 1672 - Lobith, Rhine River, Netherlands - Louis XIV crosses the Rhine at Lobith

June 14, 1672 - While between Arnhem and Doetinchem - Son Louis François (Duke of Anjou) is born

June 21, 1672 - Doesburg, Netherlands - Louis XIV takes Doesburg

June 30, 1672 - Utrecht - Louis XIV is offered the city keys of Utrecht, as its magistrates formally surrender

July 3, 1672 - Nijmegen - Turenne attacks Nijmegen

July 26, 1672 - 's-Hertogenbosch - Louis XIV becomes impatient and lifts the siege

November 4, 1672 - (While in the Netherlands) - Son Louis François (Duke of Anjou) dies in infancy

June 10, 1673 - Maastricht - Louis XIV arrives in Maastricht to join his army

June 14, 1673 - Maastricht - Louis XIV inspects the assembly of the siege lines and the digging of trenches

June 30, 1673 - Maastricht - Louis XIV enters Maastricht after the city surrenders

July(?) 1(?), 1673 - Maastricht - Louis XIV is so impressed with Marlborough's courage that he sends word to Charles II

December 19, 1673 - Versailles(?) - Louis XIV legitimises the children he had with his mistress in a legitimisation process that is recognized with letters patent from the Parliament of Paris

April 3, 1674 - Versailles - Marlborough receives the post of Colonel of the French army, from Louis XIV

July 4, 1674 - Versailles - Feasts begin in Versailles to celebrate the reconquest of Franche-Comté. Performance of Lully's "Alceste"

July 28, 1674 - Versailles - Performance of Lully's opera "Feasts of Love and Bacchus"

August 31, 1674 - Versailles - Last day of feasts to celebrate the reconquest of Franche-Comté

September(?) 1(?), 1674 - Versailles - Reception for Condé at Versailles Palace. The king and Court await for him at the top of the Ambassador's staircase. Already suffering from gout, Condé has difficulty in reaching his cousin, Louis XIV

May 11, 1675 - Maastricht - Louis XIV accompanies the army

February 20, 1676 - Versailles - Letter to Abraham Duquesne, congratulating him

April 26, 1676 - Condé-sur-l'Escaut - Louis XIV captures the city of Condé-sur-l'Escaut

July 8, 1676 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - The king returns to Saint-Germain-en-Laye. He reconnects with the Marquise de Montespan

May 4, 1677 - While in Saint-Germain-en-Laye(?) - Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, Louis XIV's daughter with Marquise de Montespan, is born in Maintenon

September 9, 1677 - Fontainebleu - "Te Deum" performed in Fontainebleu for the baptism of the elder son of Lully, godson of Louis XIV

March 9, 1678 - Ghent, Belgium - Louis XIV takes Ghent

March 18, 1678 - Ypres, Belgium - Louis XIV and Vauban's troops start digging approach trenches towards Ypres

March 25, 1678 - Ypres - Capitulation of Ypres

August 4, 1679 - Fontainebleu(?) - To thank Duquesne for his services in the war, Louis XIV offers him 200,000 "livres" to buy a piece of land of his own choice

Louis XIV, 1680

March 7, 1680 - Châlons-sur-Marne - Marriage of the Grand Dauphin to Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria

July 26, 1680 - Dunkirk - Inspecting the stronghold of Dunkirk

August 18, 1680 - Charleville - Louis orders the merger of the "troupes" of the HôtelGuénégaud and the Hôtel de Bourgogne

January 11, 1681 - Versailles(?) - Secret treaty of mutual assistance between Louis XIV and Frederick William I of Brandenburg

May 4, 1681 - Versailles - Receives a russian embassy in Versailles

July 8, 1681 - While in Versailles(?) - Charles III, Duke of Mantua, grants Louis XIV the power to garrison the citadel of Casale Monferrato

October 23, 1681 - Strasbourg - Louis XIV enters Strasbourg

January 4, 1682 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louis XIV receives Mohammad Temin, ambassador of the Sultan of Morocco

May 6, 1682 - Palace of Versailles - Official move of the royal court to Versailles

August 6, 1682 - Versailles - First grandson, Louis de France (Duc of Bourgogne) is born

July 25, 1683 - Versailles - Marie-Thérèse falls ill

July 30, 1683 - Versailles - Marie-Thérèse dies, aged 44

October 9, 1683 - Versailles - Morganatic marriage of Louis XIV with Madame de Maintenon

December 19, 1683 - Palace of Versailles - Grandson Philippe (Future Felipe V) is born

July 4, 1684 - Versailles - Louis XIV receives an embassy of Algiers

September 15, 1684 - Versailles - Michael Shen Fu-Tsung, a chinese convert to Catholicism, is presented to King Louis XIV. He demonstrates how to use chopsticks and how to write chinese characters

September 18, 1684 - Versailles - Siamese Embassy in Versailles. Narai, King of Siam and his adviser, the Greek Constantine Phaulkon, seek French aid to resist the Dutch attempts to monopolize the country's foreign trade

May 1, 1685 - Versailles - Work on the "Eure Canal" begins, to supply water to the Palace of Versailles

May 15, 1685 - Palace of Versailles - Louis XIV receives the Doge of Genoa, following the bombardment of Genoa

October 18, 1685 - Versailles(?) - Louis XIV issues the Edict of Fontainebleau, which cited the redundancy of privileges for Protestants given their scarcity after the extensive conversions. The Edict of Fontainebleau revoked the Edict of Nantes and repealed all the privileges that arose therefrom. By his edict, the king no longer tolerated the existence of Protestant groups, pastors, or churches in France. No further churches were to be constructed, and those already existing were to be demolished. Pastors could choose either exile or a secular life. Those Protestants who had resisted conversion were now to be baptised forcibly into the established church

September 1, 1686 - Palace of Versailles - Louis XIV receives a Siamese Embassy. Kosa Pan, the ambassador, presents Louis XIV with a letter from King Narai

November 18, 1686 - Versailles(?) - Louis XIV undergoes "a painful operation for an anal fistula that is performed by the surgeon Charles Felix de Tassy, who prepares a specially shaped curved scalpel for the occasion. The wound takes more than two months to heal" (wikipedia)

January 30, 1687 - Paris - Official reconciliation of Louis XIV and the capital during a dinner at the town hall of Paris

June 8, 1687 - Versailles - The king works with Mansart on the design of the second Trianon at Versailles

January 22, 1688 - Paris - Parliament of Paris - Louis XIV refers to the threat of excommunication from Pope Innocent XI to him and his ministers

August(?) 5(?), 1688 - Paris - Forbin meets the Minister of the Navy, Seignelay, who presents him to King Louis XIV

January 4, 1689 - Versailles - Louis XIV receives Lauzun in Versailles

January 8, 1689 - Versailles - Louis XIV receives King James II of England in Versailles

January 22, 1689 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louis XIV receives King James II of England in Saint-Germain-en-Laye

January 26, 1689 - Saint-Cyr - Performance of Racine's "Esther" in presence of the King and the Dauphin

June 17(?), 1689 - Versailles - Forbin is made Capitaine de Vaisseau by King Louis XIV. He shares the story of his captivity with the king

April 20, 1690 - Palace of Versailles - Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria dies, aged 29

October 20, 1690 - Fontainebleu - Audience for Lauzun at Fontainebleu

January 5, 1691 - Versailles - Performance of Racine's "Athalie" in presence of the King and the Dauphin

March 21, 1691 - Mons - Louis XIV and members of his court join the army at the Front

April 10, 1691 - Mons - The french take Mons, after conditions of surrender are agreed on April 8th

February 18, 1692 - While in Namur - Mademoiselle de Blois, natural daughter of Louis XIV,
marries Philippe d'Orléans, future regent

May 10, 1692 - Versailles - Louis XIV and members of his court leave Versailles for Flanders

May 26, 1692 - Namur, Belgium - Louis XIV arrives at the front line with the main Army

June 30, 1692 - Namur - Namur is captured

July 2, 1692 - Namur - Louis XIV and his entourage leave Namur

Louis XIV, crowned after
the vitctory of Namur, 1692

July 15(?), 1692 - Versailles - Louis XIV and his entourage reach Versailles two weeks later

January 21, 1693 - Versailles - Louis XIV receives Frederick, Royal Prince of Denmark, in Versailles

May 18, 1693 - Heidelberg, Germany - Louis XIV attacks Heidelberg

May 23, 1693 - Heidelberg - Heidelberg falls

June 1(?), 1693 - Netherlands - Louis XIV decides to leave the Netherlands and never again exercise military commmand

November 4, 1696 - Montargis - The king receives in Montargis the young Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy, intended to marry the Duke of Burgundy

May 25, 1698 - Versailles - Louis XIV receives the Prince heir of the Grand-Duchy of Tuscany in Versailles

January 28, 1699 - Paris - Louis XIV appoints Malebranche Honorary Academician (first holder) to the Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris

February 16, 1699 - Paris - Louis XIV meets with Abdallah ben Aisha, moroccan admiral and ambassador to France and England

October 2, 1700 - While in Versailles(?) - Charles II of Spain designates the Duke of Anjou (Philip V) as his successor

November 1, 1700 - While in Versailles(?) - Death of Charles II of Spain. Philip V is crowned King of Spain.

Louis XIV, 1701

March 9, 1701 - Versailles - Signing in Versailles of the Alliance between France, Spain and Bavaria

June 9, 1701 - Versailles - Philippe d'Orléans, Louis XIV's brother dies in the Château de
Saint-Cloud, aged 60

September 6, 1701 - Versailles - Louis XIV proclaims James's son (James III) the rightful next king of Britain. Louis XIV's action alarms the British, drawing the two countries closer to the brink of military conflict

September 7, 1701 - While in Versailles - Signing of the Grand Alliance against France. The War of the Spanish Succession begins

January 1(?), 1702 - Versailles - The portrait of Louis XIV by Rigaud is presented to the king and his court at Versailles: it is very successful and several copies are ordered from the Rigaud workshop

February 14, 1707 - Paris - Vauban's secretly published book, "Projet d'une tîme royale", demanding a single tax for all, is seized by order of the king

March 15, 1709 - Versailles - Highest point of Louis XIV's unpopularity, when wheat prices are multiplied by six from January to May. Snows begin melting from a record cold Winter, flooding the River Seine and making it impossible to supply Paris. 630,000 people die from 1709 to 1710

April 15, 1709 - Versailles - Paris is supplies for the first time in three months

February 15, 1710 - Versailles - Birth of the Duke of Anjou, future Louis XV

April 14, 1711 - (Château de Meudon) - Louis, the Grand Dauphin, dies of smallpox, aged 49. His son the Duke of Burgundy is declared Dauphin

December 2, 1711 - Versailles - The King of France entrusts Jacques Cassard with a squadron intended to devastate the English, Dutch and Portuguese colonies

April 11, 1713 - Versailles - The Treaty of Utrecht is signed between France and Great Britain, France and Brandenburg, France and Portugal and France and Savoy

August 2, 1714 - Versailles - Louis XIV signs his will which estrablishes a council of regency

February 19, 1715 - Palace of Versailles - Mohammad Reza Beg, the persian Ambassador, is received by Louis XIV, the future Louis XV and the princes

May 23, 1715 - Palace of Versailles - Louis XIV declares that his legitimate sons are assimilated to "princes of the blood"

August 10, 1715 - Palace of Versailles - The king complains of pain in his leg. His doctors think of sciatica but in fact he has gangrene

August 13, 1715 - Palace of Versailles - Last audience with Mohammad Reza Beg, Safavid ambassador

August 19, 1715 - Palace of Versailles - The king is diagnosed with gangrene

September 1, 1715 - Palace of Versailles - King Louis XIV dies of gangrene, aged 76. He is succeeded by his 5-year-old great-grandson Louis XV, under the regency of the Duke of Orléans =(END)