July 14, 1602 - Pescina, Abruzzo, Kingdom of Naples - Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino is born
January(?), 1(?), 1608 - Rome - His father becomes a citizen of Rome
September(?) 1(?), 1609 - Rome - 7-year-old Mazzarino is admitted to the Jesuit College in Rome
January(?) 1(?), 1618 - Rome - 16-year-old Mazzarino gives a public lecture on theories explaining Halley's comet (which appeared in that year)
January(?) 1(?), 1619 - Alcalá de Henares, Spain - Studies law in the Complutense University of Madrid
January(?) 1(?), 1622 - Rome - Returns to Rome and chooses a military career, joining Filippo Colonna's regiment in the service of the Pope
January(?) 1(?), 1623 - Valtellina Valley, Lombardy - Mazzarino's regiment is based in Valtellina Valley, close to the swiss border
January(?) 1(?), 1625 - Rome - Returns to Rome to recruit more troops for the regiment and to visit his father, who was being tried on charge of homicide (he would be acquitted)
January(?) 1(?), 1626 - Alessandria - First experience in negotiation and diplomacy, when Torquato Conti, the commander of the papal troops in northern Italy, sends Mazzarino to Alessandria, where a large spanish force was based. He was to meet the general in charge of the spanish army and discuss ways in which they might coordinate their campaign against the french
January 1(?), 1627 - Milan - Torquato Conti sends Mazzarino in a diplomatic mission to Milan to explore with the spanish governor the most effective means of cementing papal-spanish tactics after the Treaty of Monzón
January(?) 1(?), 1628 - Rome - Receives the title of doctor in utroque jure =(START)
June(?) 1(?), 1628 - Rome - Named the secretary to Jean-François Sacchetti, a senior papal diplomat who was trying to prevent the impending War of the Mantuan Succession between Spain and France
September(?) 1(?), 1628 - Milan - Sent to Milan as apostolic nuncio
January(?) 1(?), 1629 - Milan | Mantua | Turin | Casal | France - Shuttles between cities to try to find a solution to the crisis before fighting began
January 29, 1630 - Lyon, France - Mazzarino is sent by the Holy See to negotiate an armistice in Lyon with Cardinal Richelieu
June 15(?), 1630 - Grenoble, France - Second meeting between Richelieu and Mazzarino
October 26, 1630 - Casale Monferrato (Casal), Italy - The mediation of the envoy of Pope Urban VIII, Mazarin, puts an end to hostilities and allows the lifting of the siege by the Marquis de Santa-Croce, successor to Spinola
April 6, 1631 - Cherasco, Piedmont - Treaty of Cherasco: The Emperor and the Duke of Savoy recognize the possession of Mantua and part of Monferrat by Charles Gonzaga and the french occupation of the strategic stronghold of Pinerolo
June(?) 1(?), 1631 - Paris - Sent to Paris by the Pope to work out the final details of the agreement
April 1(?), 1632 - Paris - Returns to Paris (until July)
May 1(?), 1632 - Paris - First interview with Louis XIII and Anne of Austria (He tried to persuade Louis XIII to send a military expedition to capture Geneva, the fortress of the Protestant movement, but the King, who had good relations with the Swiss cantons, rejected the idea)
November 1(?), 1632 - Rome - Returns to Rome
January(?) 1(?), 1634 - Avignon - Named vice-legate at Avignon and given the religious title of prelate
August 19, 1634 - Avignon - Named nuncio extraordinaty to Paris by Pope Urban VII, with the mission of persuading Louis XIII to undertake a grand naval crusade against the turks
November 17, 1634 - Paris - Giulio Mazzarino arrives in Paris to negotiate the return of his estates to the Duke of Lorraine and reconcile France and the Habsburgs
November 26, 1634 - Paris - Takes up his duties
May 19, 1635 - While in Paris - France declares WAR on the habsburg rulers of Austria and Spain
April 7, 1636 - Paris - Departs for Avignon
November 1(?), 1636 - Avignon - Departs for Rome
December 18, 1638 - Rueil-Malmaison, W. of Paris(?) - Jules Mazarin becomes Richelieu's main adviser on the death of François Joseph Le Clerc du Tremblay, Marquis de Maffliers, known as Father Joseph (1577-1638)
April 1(?), 1639 - Paris - Jules Mazarin (Giulio Mazzarino), apostolic nuncio in Paris, is naturalized French by letters patent =(changeflag)
December 14, 1639 - Rome - Departs Rome for the port of Civitavecchia
December(?) 25(?), 1639 - Marseille - Departs for Lyon
January(?) 2(?), 1640 - Lyon - Departs for Paris
January 5, 1640 - Paris - Mazzarino returns to Paris with a letter of naturalization, and from thence he is known as Jules Mazarin
June 1(?), 1641 - Paris - Returns from nine months of voyage to Savoy
December 16, 1641 - Paris(?) - Mazarin becomes cardinal under the protection of Richelieu
March(?) 1(?), 1642 - Valence, S. of Lyon - Richelieu reunites with Mazarin
March 15(?), 1642 - Narbonne - The court settles in Narbonne
June 11, 1642 - Tarascon (Between Arles and Avignon) - Mazarin is presented with evidence that Gaston, Duke of Orléans and the Marquis of Marquis of Cinq-Mars made a secret agreement with Philip IV of Spain, and that even the Queen, Anne of Austria, was involved. He reports immediately to Richelieu
December 5, 1642 - Paris - Cardinal Mazarin heads the King's Council. Some characters disgraced by Cardinal Richelieu resurface
February 28, 1643 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Letter to Gustav Horn, in Stockholm
April 10, 1643 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - François Sublet de Noyers is forced to resign
April 21, 1643 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Louis XIV is baptized. Cardinal Mazarin is the sponsor
May 14, 1643 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Death of King Louis XIII, aged 41. In his will he instructed that his wife Anne of Austria would not rule in his place as regent
May 18, 1643 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Anne of Austria has her husband's will annulled by the Parliament of Paris and becomes Regent of France. She declares that Mazarin would be her chief minister and head of her government
August 7, 1643 - Paris - Letter from Queen Christina of Sweden
August 27, 1643 - Paris - Letter from Count Axel Oxenstierna
August 12, 1644 - Paris - Letter to Constantijn Huygens
May 26, 1645 - Paris - During the Assembly of the clergy which opens in Paris, Gondi gives an offensive speech for the memory of Louis XIII and Richelieu. Anne of Austria and Mazarin rebuke him sharply
December 14, 1645 - Paris - The italian actors brought by Mazarin perform the first opera in France at the Petit-Bourbon: "La Finta Pazza"
March 9, 1646 - Paris - Mazarin is appointed superintendent of education for the king by letters patent registered in the Parliament
June 23, 1646 - Paris - Decision of the Council of State creating the Royal fabric factory in Sedan
August 2, 1647 - Dieppe - Louis XIV, Anne of Austria, Mazarin and the court arrive in Dieppe
August 3, 1647 - Dieppe - The King attends a simulacrum of naval combat
October 12, 1647 - Fontainebleu - Father António Vieira is received by Cardinal Mazarin
November 11, 1647 - Fontainebleu(?) - Condé arrives from Spain. Mazarin meets him and gives him command of the army of Flanders
November 29, 1647 - Fontainebleu(?) - Mazarin announces to diplomats the reestablishment of the king
March 13, 1648 - Paris - Anne of Austria and Mazarin, irritated by the remonstrances, put into effect vexatious measures such as the abolition of officers' wages or that of the Paulette (tax which authorizes the inheritance of offices). Beginning of the Paulette affair
May 18, 1648 - Paris - The Council decides to abolish the annual fee. Mazarin , Prime Minister, deprives parliamentarians of the benefit of the "Paulette" , a measure very badly received by all concerned
August 25, 1648 - Paris - Saint-Louis day. The Council from above (the regent, Monsieur, Mazarin, Séguier , Chavigny ) decides on the arrest of Broussel and several other magistrates. In the tense climate of the beginnings of the Fronde, Gondi, the future cardinal of Retz, delivers a political sermon at Saint-Paul's church the same day, very heated and very seditious
August 26, 1648 - Paris - "Te Deum" at Notre-Dame de Paris in honor of the victory of Lens
August 27, 1648 - Paris - Day of the barricades in Paris - Beginning of the parliamentary Fronde. uprising against Anne of Austria and Mazarin. Led by the first president Molé , the Parliament goes to the Palais-Royal to demand the release of Broussel, "the father of the people". As he obtained nothing, the population forced him, under threat, to take a new step. The insurrection gains the left bank. Blancmesnil was released on the evening of 27th, Broussel the next morning
January 6, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Mazarin secretly takes Louis XIV, Anne of Austria and the court to the safety of Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
January 8, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Parliament declares Mazarin enemy of the king and the state and disruptor of public rest. He recruits an army and organizes the resistance
January 12, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Capture of the Arsenal and the Bastille by the Frondeurs
January 16, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - With Turenne having revolted, Mazarin gives Jean-Louis d'Erlach the command of the german army
January 25, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Parliament orders the seizure of all of Mazarin's property
January 26, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Auction of Mazarin's property begins
February 27, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Mazarin attracts Rantzau to Saint-Germain-en-Laye, who is arrested
March 11, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Signing of the Peace of Rueil, which puts an end to the Parliamentary Fronde
March 14, 1649 - Paris - Mazarin accepts many of the reforms demanded by the Parliament. In return, the Parliament supporters laid down their weapons and allowed Mazarin, Louis XIV and Anne of Austria to return to Paris
March 17, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Resumption of negotiations between the Court and the Fronde at the Château de Saint-Germain
March 30, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Saint-Germain-en-Laye agreements, accepted by the Parliament of Paris
April 30, 1649 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - The Court departs for Compiègne
July 13, 1649 - Compiègne - Gondi arrives in Compiègne to invite, on behalf of the Parisians, Anne of Austria and Louis XIV to return to Paris
August 18, 1649 - Paris - Triumphal entry of the king into Paris
September 16, 1649 - Paris - Facade reconciliation between Condé and Mazarin, who gives Pont-de-l'Arche to the Duke of Longueville and agrees not to marry his nieces without having previously agreed with Condé
October 2, 1649 - Paris - New accommodation between Condé and Mazarin. Mazarin pretends to undertake to consult Condé in all
January 14, 1650 - Paris - The queen and Mazarin promise the cardinal's hat to Gondi. It is aquestion of neutralizing the latter while preparing the arrest of the princes
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| Mazarin, 1650 |
February 1, 1650 - Paris - The Royal family and Mazarin depart for Rouen
February 24, 1650 - Rouen - Louis XIV and Mazarin arrive in Rouen
February 24, 1650 - Paris - The Court is back in Paris
March 5, 1650 - Paris - The Court departs for Dijon
April 21, 1650 - Seurre, S. of Dijon - The royal army enters Seurre
May 2, 1650 - Paris - The Court returns to Paris
June 2, 1650 - Paris - The Court departs for Compiègne
June 29, 1650 - Compiègne - Louis XIV and Mazarin leave Compiègne for Paris
July 4, 1650 - Paris - The Court leaves Paris for Guyenne
August 11, 1650 - island of Saint-Georges, upstream of Bordeaux - The royal troops seize the island of Saint-Georges, upstream of Bordeaux
August 26, 1650 - Cenon - Mazarin arrives at camp Cenon and shows the young Louis XIV, the top of a hill, the city of Bordeaux under siege
September 3, 1650 - Cenon(?) - Letter to Hugues de Lionne: "We must get out of the Bordeaux affair"
September 5, 1650 - Cenon(?) - The royal army begins the attack on Bordeaux
September 28, 1650 - Bourg - Peace is signed between the Court and the Bordelais
October 15, 1650 - Bordeaux - The Court leaves Bordeaux
November 7, 1650 - Fontainebleu - The Court arrives in Fontainebleu
November 10, 1650 - Fontainebleu - Reconciliation between Mazarin and Gaston d'Orléans
November 15, 1650 - Paris - The Court arrives in Paris
December 1, 1650 - Paris - Mazarin departs to reach the army of Champagne
December 31, 1650 - Paris - Returns to Paris
February 6, 1651 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - During the night of 6 to 7th February, Mazarin leaves Paris in disguise for Saint-Germain-en-Laye. From there he leaves for Le Havre
February 7, 1651 - While in Le Havre - The Parliament demands from the Queen a declaration excluding from power "all foreigners or others who have taken an oath to princes other than the King"
February 9, 1651 - While in Le Havre - Parliament issues a judgment ordering Mazarin and his family to leave the kingdom within two weeks
February 13, 1651 - Le Havre - Mazarin releases the princes
March 1, 1651 - Le Havre(?) - Colbert becomes Mazarin's private secretary
April 11, 1651 - Brühl, near Cologne - Mazarin settles in the castle of Brühl, near Cologne
July 18, 1651 - While in Brühl - To appease Condé, Anne of Austria agrees to dismiss three members of the government considered to be Mazarin's servants: Minister Abel Servien , Secretary of State Michel Le Tellier and Hugues de Lionne, secretary of his commandments
September 5, 1651 - While in Brühl - A royal declaration confirms the perpetual banishment of Mazarin
November 13, 1651 - Dinant, Belgium - Mazarin, who gathers troops for his return to France, writes from Dinant to Baron de Pénacors, friend of Gondi , to ask for the latter's support
December 12, 1651 - While in Bouillon, Belgium - Louis XIV recalls Cardinal Mazarin
December 19, 1651 - While in Bouillon - Gondi, Cardinal de Retz urges the Parliament to oppose the return of the deposed minister
December 24, 1651 - Sedan - Mazarin crosses the border and enters Sedan
December 30, 1651 - Rethel - Mazarin enters Rethel
January 2, 1652 - Épernay - Mazarin enters Épernay
January 8, 1652 - While in Épernay - Mazarin's library begins being auctioned
January 18, 1652 - Gien, SE Orléans - Mazarin crosses the Loire River at Gien
January 24, 1652 - While in Gien - Alliance of Condé and Gaston d'Orléans against Mazarin
January 25, 1652 - While in Gien - The Parliament of Paris refuses to unite with Condé and Gaston d'Orléans
January 28, 1652 - Poitiers - Mazarin enters Poitiers in triumph and is welcomed by Queen-Mother Anne of Austria
April 28, 1652 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye - Rohan, Chavigny and Goulas go to the Court in Saint-Germain to request the exile of Mazarin from the queen and the king. But Mazarin refuses to go out during their interview. It confuses visitors who get nothing and make Condé suspect to his own supporters
May 28, 1652 - Étampes - Mazarin brings Louis XIV to Étampes
June 28, 1652 - Saint-Denis - The Court is at Saint-Denis. Mazarin allows bread to be delivered to the Parisians, on condition that they maintain strict neutrality in the battle which will be fought
July 14, 1652 - Saint-Denis - Letter from Nicolas Fouquet explaining the situation in Paris
July 17, 1652 - Pontoise - The Court settles in Pontoise
July 30, 1652 - While in Pontoise - End of the unity of the "Fronde of the Princes", when the Duke of Nemours is killed by his brother-in-law, the Duke of Beaufort, in a pistol duel behind Hôtel de Vendôme
August 12, 1652 - Pontoise - Louis XIV promises to remove Mazarin to restore civil peace
August 19, 1652 - Château-Thierry - To respond to the wish of parliamentarians from Pontoise, eager to remove any pretext for revolt from those in Paris, Mazarin pretends to go into exile again. He goes to Château-Thierry. From there he goes to Bouillon
October 26, 1652 - While in Bouillon - The king decides to recall Cardinal Mazarin
November 26, 1652 - Paris - The king decides to recall Cardinal Mazarin
January 28, 1653 - Vervins - Turenne and Mazarin enter Vervins, taken over from the spanish
February 2, 1653 - While on the road to Paris - Finance minister La Vieuville dies
February 3, 1653 - Paris - Le Bourget - Mazarin returns triumphantly to Paris. Louis XIV meets him at Le Bourget
March 29, 1653 - Paris - Official reception of Mazarin at Hôtel de ville where he was showered with praise even though he had been described as "the greatest junk of the century" in June 1652, less than a year earlier
July 4, 1653 - Paris - Louis XIV and Mazarin attend a fireworks display on the Place de Grève. Banquet offered by the municipality
May 30, 1654 - Paris - The Court leaves Paris for Reims
June 7, 1654 - Reims - Coronation of King Louis XIV in Reims. Gaston d'Orléans refuses to attend
June 24, 1654 - Rethel - Louis XIV and Mazarin attend a preaching by Cosnac in Rethel, who is made bishop of Valence
June 28, 1654 - Rethel - The Court moves to Sedan
August 13, 1654 - Péronne - The Court moves to Péronne
August 14, 1654 - Péronne - Mazarin is informed of de Retz's escape
September 18, 1654 - Paris(?) - Mazarin is informed that de Retz is in Spain
September 21, 1654 - Paris(?) - Mazarin orders Parliament to put Retz on trial as a lèse-majesté criminal
November 3, 1655 - Paris - First treaty between France and England against Spain
May 25, 1656 - Saint-Mandé - Nicolas Fouquet receives the whole court at Saint-Mandé
September 10(?), 1656 - Chantilly - Queen Christina of Sweden meets Cardinal Mazarin at Chantilly
September 16, 1656 - Compiègne - Letter from the Bishop of Le Mans informing Mazarin of the presence of Retz near Besançon
September 30(?), 1656 - Compiègne - Queen Christina is officially received by the Court
March 23, 1657 - Paris - Treaty of Paris between France and England. Mazarin concludes a secret military alliance with Cromwell intended to drive the Spaniards from maritime Flanders in exchange for the city of Dunkirk
August 1, 1657 - Sedan - Anne-Marie-Louise d'Orléans joins the court at Sedan where she is received by Anne of Austria. She obtains the king's pardon after three years of exile and is reconciled with Mazarin
November 11, 1657 - Saint-Martin - Fouquet receives king Louis XIV and Cardinal Mazarin. Fouquet lends 11.8 million livres for Mazarin to pay the Army of the North
March 3, 1658 - Louvre Palace, Paris - Masked ball in Louvre Palace. Queen Christina dresses as a turk and visits Cardinal Mazarin, suffering from gout
September 18, 1658 - Paris - Returns to Paris from Fontainebleu
November 24, 1658 - Lyon - The court arrives in Lyon
December 15(?), 1658 - Lyon - An envoy of the King of Spain, Don Antonio Pimentel, arrives incognito in Lyon. He offers Mazarin to give the hand of the Infanta Maria Teresa (Marie-Thérèse) to Louis XIV
January 13, 1659 - Lyon - The court departs for Paris
January 28, 1659 - Paris - The Court arrives in Paris
June 22, 1659 - Fontainebleu - Mazarin departs for Saint-Jean-de-Luz
June 26, 1659 - Vaux - Stops for a day at Vaux
June 30, 1659 - Chambord - Mazarin is received at Chambord by Gaston d'Orléans
August 19, 1659 - Bordeaux - Mazarin arrives in Bordeaux
August 31, 1659 - Bordeaux - Colbert writes to Mazarin that the finances are in great need of a severe and rigorous Chamber of Justice, that is to say an exceptional jurisdiction responsible for reconsidering the State's debt
October 6, 1659 - Bordeaux - The Court leaves Bordeaux for Toulouse
October 14, 1659 - Toulouse - Louis XIV makes his entrance in Toulouse
October 15, 1659 - Saint-Jean-de-Luz (southeastern corner of France) - Mazarin receives the secret memorandum from Colbert: "Your Eminence will find attached a memorandum which escaped my hands, although I know very well that it only contains shadows of an acquaintance of which Your Eminence has all the lights. If there is something she doesn't like, I beg her to throw it in the fire on the first page. In addition, Your Eminence will see how important it is that it remains secret…"
October 21, 1659 - Saint-Jean-de-Luz - Mazarin sends a letter to Colbert reaffirming his confidence in Fouquet
November 7, 1659 - Isle of Pheasants, French-Spanish Border - Signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees and the marriage contract of Louis XIV and Maria Teresa of Austria
November 21, 1659 - Toulouse - Mazarin arrives in Toulouse
December 28, 1659 - Toulouse - The court departs for Montpellier
January 5, 1660 - Montpellier - The Court arrives in Montpellier
January 9, 1660 - Nîmes - The Court arrives in Nîmes
January 17, 1660 - Aix-en-Provence - The Court arrives in Aix-en-Provence
February 7, 1660 - Toulon - The Court arrives in Toulon
February 23, 1660 - Aix-en-Provence - The Court returns to Aix-en-Provence
March 8, 1660 - Aix-en-Provence - The Court returns to Aix-en-Provence
March 19, 1660 - Avignon - The Court reaches Avignon
April 1(?), 1660 - Montpellier - The court reaches Montpellier. Mazarin suffers an acute attack of gout
April 5(?), 1660 - Montpellier - The court departs for Narbonne. Mazarin stays behind with an acute attack of gout
May 8, 1660 - Saint-Jean-de-Luz - The Court reaches Saint-Jean-de-Luz
May 10, 1660 - Isle of Pheasants, French-Spanish Border - Conferences begin between Mazarin and Luis de Haro to fix the limits between Roussillon and Catalonia
May 31, 1660 - Isle of Pheasants - Mazarin and Haro agree that the Conflent , plus thirty three villages of Cerdagne be given to France
June 23, 1660 - Bordeaux - The Court arrives in Bordeaux
July 13, 1660 - Fontainebleu - The Court returns to Fontainebleu
February 7, 1661 - Vincennes - Mazarin falls ill and is taken to Vincennes, where the court was
March 3, 1661 - Vincennes - Mazarin signs his Last will and Testament, restoring all his property to the king. He receives viaticum
March 7, 1661 - Vincennes - After whispering to the King "I owe everything to you, sir, but I believe I pay in any way by giving you Colbert", Jules Mazarin dies, aged 58 =(END)
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