Bartolomé de las Casas | Timeline

Bartolomé de las Casas (11 November 1484 – 18 July 1566) was a 16th-century Spanish landowner, friar, priest, and bishop, famed as a historian and social reformer. He arrived in Hispaniola as a layman then became a Dominican friar and priest. He was appointed as the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians". His extensive writings, the most famous being "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" and "Historia de Las Indias", chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies. He described the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples. (Intro from Wikipedia)

November 11, 1484 - Seville, Castile and León - Bartolomé de las Casas is born

March 31, 1493 - Seville - Columbus passes through Seville with seven Indians and exotic birds, and stands near the church of San Nicolás to display them. This was witnessed by 8-year-old Bartolomé de las Casas

September 24, 1493 - Cadiz - His father, also named Bartolomé, sails with Columbus for the New World

January(?) 1(?), 1498 - Salamanca - Goes to Salamanca to study canonical and state Law at the local University

October 18, 1498 - Seville - His father sails for Seville from Santo Domingo. Three hundred Taino indian slaves also traveled on those ships. One of them, renamed "Juanico", was given to Bartolomé by his father, Who had received him as a gift from Columbus

January(?) 1(?), 1499 - near Granada - De las Casas may have gone with the Sevillian militia to help quash a rebellion of Moors in the mountains around Granada

May?) 1(?), 1500 - Salamanca - Stops his studies in Salamanca to join an expedition to the Indies

June 1(?), 1500 - Seville - Francisco de Bobadilla sets sail for Hispaniola, taking with him 14 amerindians who had previously been Columbus' slaves, and who were now being returned to their home, including "Juanico"

December 17, 1500 - Granada - De las Casas witnesses the audience of the Catholic Monarchs to Columbus

September 3, 1501 - Granada - The Catholic Monarchs appoint Nicolás de Ovando to replace Bobadilla as Governor and Captain-General of the Indies. De las Casas and his father were there as merchants and they sign on with Ovando's expedition =(START)

February 1(?), 1502 - Seville - Nicolás de Ovando puts together a fleet of 32 ships and 2,500 men (1,500 colonists, mostly nobles). Sailing down the Guadalquivir River from Seville to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, youngsters Hernán Cortés, Francisco Pizarro, Ponce de León and Bartolomé de las Casas (as a "doctrinero") go on the expedition

February 13, 1502 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Castile and León - Bartolomé de las Casas sails to the Indies in Nicolás de Ovando's expedition

April 15, 1502 - Santo Domingo, Hispaniola - Bartolomé de las Casas arrives in Santo Domingo with the Expedition of Nicolás de Ovando

November 1(?), 1506 - Seville, Spain - Returns to Spain =(crossofburgundyflag)

December 1(?), 1506 - Seville - Ordained a deacon in Seville

January 1(?), 1507 - Rome, Papal States - Arrives in Rome

March 3, 1507 - Rome - Bartolomé de las Casas is ordained a secular priest

April 1(?), 1507 - Rome - Departs Rome for Salamanca to complete his studies of canon law

June 3, 1509 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda - Departs for Hispaniola with Diego Columbus, who was replacing Nicolás de Ovando as Governor

July 15(?), 1509 - Santo Domingo, Hispaniola - Returns to Hispaniola

September 1(?), 1510 - Concepción de la Vega, Hispaniola - A group of three Dominican friers led by Father Pedro de Córdoba arrive in Hispaniola. His sermons schock everyone including De las Casas

November 1(?), 1510 - Concepción de la Vega - Sings his first mass in Hispaniola, combining the work of "doctrinero" to his office as "encomendero" (late October or early November)

December 1(?), 1511 - Concepción de la Vega(?) - De las Casas is deeply impressed when a Dominican preacher, Fray Antonio de Montesinos, preaches an impassioned sermon that implicated the colonists in the genocide of the native peoples

February 2, 1512 - While in Hispaniola - Taíno chief Hatuey is captured, then tied to a stake and burned alive at Yara, near Bayamo, Cuba

June(?) 1(?), 1512 - Baracoa, SE of Cuba - Arrives in Cuba and joins the conquistadores Panfilo de Narvaez and Diego Velázquez

October 1(?), 1513 - Caonao, Cuba - Witnesses the massacre of Arawak amerindians in Caonao, during the conquest of Cuba by Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar and Pánfilo de Narváez

December 18, 1513 - Jagua, Cuba - Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar and Bartolomé de las Casas reach the port of Jagua

June 4, 1514 - Sancti Spíritus, Cuba - Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founds the settlement of Sancti Spíritus

August 15, 1514 - Sancti Spíritus - After studying a passage in the book Ecclesiasticus for a Pentecost sermon and pondering its meaning, De las Casas is finally convinced that all the actions of the Spanish in the New World had been illegal and that they constituted a great injustice. He makes up his mind to give up his slaves and encomienda and informs Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar about it. He starts preaching that other colonists should do the same, starting by delivering a sermon at Sancti Spíritus

October(?) 1(?), 1514 - Santo Domingo, Hispaniola - De las Casas deceives his leader Velázquez de Cuéllar and his spanish companions, saying he was going back to Europe to study in Paris (when in fact he was about to go to the Spanish Court to plead the cause of the indians)

September 15(?), 1515 - Santo Domingo - After speaking with the Dominican Pedro de Córdoba, De las Casas sails for Seville together with Fray Antonio de Montesinos

October 6, 1515 - Seville, Spain - Returns to Seville. Montesinos presents De las Casas to the Archbishop of Seville, Diego de Deza

December 24, 1515 - Plasencia, Extremadura, Spain - Bartolomé de las Casas visits the ill King Ferdinand to discuss the situation in the Indies

January(?) 1(?), 1516 - Seville(?) - Writes "Memorial of Grievances, Remedies and Denunciations"

April 1(?), 1516 - While in Seville - Cardinal Cisneros (Regent of Castile) decides to send three Hieronymite friars to exercise the governorship of Hispaniola. Las Casas is commissioned advisor of the friars and appointed Attorney or "universal protector" of all Indians on the islands of Hispaniola, Cuba, San Juan and Santiago (Jamaica), as well as on the American continent. His mission was to inform the Hieronymite fathers or the rest of the people who understood it of the health and integrity of the Indians. Even the Governor and appointed appellate judges had to keep that power of De las Casas, and disobediences to him would be punished with the payment of 10,000 maravedis

September 16, 1516 - While in Seville - A royal "cédula" from the Regents of Castile in Madrid, orders the officials of the "Casa de Contratación" in Seville to pay the "Procurador de los Indios, Bachiller Bartolomé de las Casas" the cost of his journey to the Indies

November 11, 1516 - Seville - Departs for Hispaniola with the three Hieronymite fathers

December(?) 1(?), 1516 - San Juan, Puerto Rico - The ship has a problem and has to anchor at San Juan for two weeks of repairs

December 15(?), 1516 - Santo Domingo, Hispaniola - Reaches Hispaniola. Las Casas realizes that the encomenderos had won the favor of the Hieronymite fathers

April 6, 1517 - While in Santo Domingo - In Seville, a certificate of payment, from the treasurer of the House of Trade, Doctor Sancho de Matienzo, states that Juan Fernández was paid 10,000 maravedis for the passage and cargo of "Bachiller" Bartolomé de las Casas

May 1(?), 1517 - Santo Domingo - Forced to travel back to spain to denounce to the regent the failure of the Hieronymite reforms

July 1(?), 1517 - Seville, Spain - Returns to Seville

September 11, 1517 - Valladolid - Moves to Valladolid and stays at the Dominican convent of San Pablo

November(?) 1(?), 1517 - Aranda de Duero, N. of Castile and León - Arrives at Aranda de Duero and finds Cardinal Cisneros close to death. He secures an audience, but the Cardinal dies within a few days, on November 8th

November 25, 1517 - Valladolid - The new King, Charles V, arrives in Valladolid. De las Casas plied Charles' largely flemish advisers with his version of the conquest of the New World

February 23, 1518 - Valladolid - Meets Ferdinand Magellan when the portuguese navigator signs a contract with the Spanish Crown, and writes a physical description of him

March 22, 1518 - Valladolid - Leaves the Dominican convent of San Pablo

December 12, 1519 - Molins de Rey, near Barcelona - Audience with Charles V. He begins being addressed as "Licenciado" (Licentiate) in royal documents

March 30(?), 1520 - A Coruña, Galicia, Spain - Follows the Court to A Coruña, where Charles V resided

April 5(?), 1520 - Santiago de Compostela - Las Casas meets the Totonac Indians who were brought before the presence of the new monarch by Alonso Hernández Portocarrero and Francisco de Montejo, both emissaries of Hernán Cortés, conqueror of Mexico

May 19, 1520 - A Coruña - Charles V signs De las Casas's grant of territory (it covered 270 leagues from the Paria Peninsula in the east to near Santa Marta in the West), then departs for Flanders in a fleet of 100 ships, to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor

June 1(?), 1520 - Santiago de Compostela - The Council of Castile adopts the ideas of De Las Casas, convinced that the task of conquering and colonizing America should be carried out peacefully through the announcement and dissemination of the Catholic faith. Thus, the Council of Castile authorizes De las Casas to carry out the project to create a peaceful colony in the territory of Cumaná (Venezuela), so that he could apply his theories consisting of populating the mainland, without shedding blood and announcing the gospel, without clatter of weapons

July(?) 1(?), 1520 - Seville - Travels to Seville carrying letters from the regent Adrian and other influential churchmen

December 7(?), 1520 - Seville - He boards a fleet of 3 small ships with a small group of 70 mutineers, convicted and outlaws picked up along the way,  paying for the venture with money borrowed from his brother-in-law

December 14, 1520 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain - Sails for Puerto Rico

January 10, 1521 - San Juan, Puerto Rico - Arrives in Puerto Rico and receives the news that the Dominican convent at Chiribichi had been sacked by indians

May 4, 1521 - While in San Juan, Puerto Rico(?) - His mentor Fray Pedro de Córdoba dies

July 30, 1521 - Santo Domingo, Hispaniola - Attends Fray Pedro de Córdoba's funeral

November(?) 15(?), 1521 - Santo Domingo - De las casas sails for Puerto Rico with two caravels (Concepción and Sancti Spiritus)

December 1(?), 1521 - San Juan, Puerto Rico - Goes to ask Santo Domingo for help, after a Guaiqueríes rebellion in Puerto Rico

December 10(?), 1521 - Yáquimo, SW Hispaniola (Jacmel, Haiti) - A huge storm breaks loose and De las Casas's ship is driven to Yáquimo, on the opposite side of Hispaniola

January 10, 1522 - While in Yáquimo - His deputy, Francisco de Soto, takes advantage of De las Casas's absence to organize a slave hunt. The Indians also take advantage of the absence of De las Casas attacking and setting fire to the mission on January 10, 1522, and on their return they kill Francisco de Soto, the Franciscan Fray Dionisio and the artilleryman Artieda, the rest of the Christians being able to escape to the Araya peninsula, from there to Cubagua and then to Santo Domingo

March 18, 1522 - Santo Domingo - De las Casas walks from Yáquimo to Santo Domingo and, upon arrival, learns of the destruction of his mission in Cumaná, falling into depression

April(?) 1(?), 1522 - Santo Domingo - Devastated, he accepts the advice of Fray Domingo de Betanzos and enters the Dominican monastery of Santa Cruz in Santo Domingo as a novice

January(?) 1(?), 1527 - Puerto Plata, NE of Hispaniola - Sent to Puerto Plata, in the northeast of the Island, to found a Dominican house

February(?) 1(?), 1527 - Puerto Plata - Begins working on "History of the Indies"

January(?) 1(?), 1531 - While in Puerto Plata - A complain is sent by the encomenderos of Hispaniola that Las Casas was again accusing them of mortal sins from the pulpit

June(?) 1(?), 1531 - Puerto Plata - Letter to Garcia Manrique, Count of Osomo, protesting against the mistreatment of the indians and advocating a return to his original reform plan of 1516

January(?) 1(?), 1533 - Monte Plata, E. of Hispaniola - Contributes to the establishment of a peace treaty between the spanish and the rebel Taíno band of chief Enriquillo

December(?) 1(?), 1534 - Nombre de Dios, Panama - Attempts to travel to Peru with a small contingent of Dominican friars (led by Tomás de Berlanga - Bishop of Panamá) to observe the first stages of conquest of that region by Francisco Pizarro. His party lands at Nombre de Dios, Panama, but has to turn back due to adverse winds

April 15(?), 1535 - Realejo, Nicaragua - De las casas gives up the voyage and takes passage to Nicaragua instead, arriving to the port of Realejo in a small ship four days later

June(?) 1(?), 1535 - Granada, Nicaragua - Lingering for a while in the Dominican convent of Granada, he gets into conflict with Rodrigo de Contreras, Governor of Nicaragua, when De las Casas vehemently opposes slaving expeditions by the Governor

October 15, 1535 - Granada, Nicaragua - Letter to Bernal Diaz de Luco: "This land of Nicaragua is the heart and soul of all the Indies, and I judge the Indies to be the most opulent in the whole world"

November 1(?), 1536 - Santiago de Guatemala - Las Casas follows a number of friars to Guatemala, where they begin to prepare to undertake a mission among the Maya Indians. They stay in the convent founded some years earlier by Fray Domingo Betanzos and study the K'iche' language with Bishop Francisco Marroquín

December(?) 1(?), 1536 - Oaxaca, Mexico - Before venturing into Tuzulutlan (Verapaz region), De las Casas goes to Oaxaca, Mexico, to participate in a series of discussions and debates among the bishops of the Dominican and Franciscan orders

May 2, 1537 - Santiago de Guatemala - Obtains from the licensed governor Alfonso de Maldonado a written commitment ratified on July 6, 1539 by the viceroy of Mexico Antonio de Mendoza, that the natives of Tuzulutlán (Verapaz region), when they were conquered, would not be entrusted but would be vassals of the Crown

January(?) 1(?), 1538 - Oaxaca, Mexico - Las Casas is recalled from his mission by Bishop Marroquín who wanted him to go to Mexico and then on to Spain to seek more Dominicans to assist in the mission

April(?) 1(?), 1540 - Veracruz, Mexico - Departs for Spain

May 27, 1540 - Seville, Spain - Returns to Spain

December 1(?), 1541 - Valladolid - Moves to Valladolid and begins finalizing his writings from Oaxaca for "Memorial de remedios"

April 4, 1542 - Valladolid - Audience with Charles V

May 22, 1542 - Valladolid - De las Casas leaves Valladolid with Charles V for Monzón

July(?) 1(?), 1542 - Monzón, Aragón - Charles V arrives in Monzón. Bartolomé de las Casas meets Hernán Cortés

October 10, 1542 - Monzón - De las Casas follows Charles V to Barcelona

November 20, 1542 - Barcelona - Charles V signs the "New Laws" with the influence of Bartolomé de las Casas, producing shockwaves across the Indies

December(?) 1(?), 1542 - Valencia - Writes "A short account of the destruction of the Indies"

March 3, 1544 - Seville, Spain - Consecrated Bishop of Chiapas in the Dominican Church of San Pablo

July 11, 1544 - Seville - Sails for Hispaniola

September 8, 1544 - Santo Domingo, Hispaniola - After a brieg stop in San Juan, Puerto Rico, De las Casas returns to Santo Domingo with 30 missionaries. They were received with hostility by the Spaniards in the Americas, for having decreed the New Laws of the Indies

December 14, 1544 - Santo Domingo - Leaves Santo Domingo for Chiapas

December 26, 1544 - Caiman Islands, off Southwestern Cuba - They coast along the Caiman Islands off southwestern Cuba towards the Yucatán peninsula

January 6, 1545 - San Francisco de Campeche - Lands at San Francisco de Campeche, Bay of Campeche

February 3, 1545 - Ciudad Real de los Llanos de Chiapas - De las Casas and the rest of the friars arrive in Chiapas

February 27(?), 1545 - Ciudad Real de los Llanos de Chiapas - Takes office as Bishop of Chiapas

March 20, 1545 - Ciudad Real de los Llanos de Chiapas - In a pastoral letter, De las Casas refuses absolution to slave owners and encomenderos even on their death bed, unless all their slaves had been set free and their property returned to them. All the Spaniards opposed, but Las Casas found the support of the Dominican missionaries and the clergyman Juan de Parera

October 1(?), 1545 - Gracias a Dios (between Honduras and Nicaragua) - Goes to Gracias a Dios to ask for help from the Audiencia, chaired by Alonso Maldonado. De las Casas is ignored and returns to Chiapas

October 20, 1545 - Chiapas - The New Laws are finally repealed and riots brake out against De las Casas, with shots being fired against him by angry colonists

January 12, 1546 - Mexico City - Having been summoned to a meeting among the bishops of New Spain, he left his diocese, never to return. At the meeting, probably after lengthy reflection, and realizing that the New Laws were lost in Mexico, Las Casas presented a moderated view on the problems of confession and restitution of property, Archbishop Juan de Zumárraga of Mexico and Bishop Julián Garcés of Puebla agreed completely with his new moderate stance, Bishop Vasco de Quiroga of Michoacán had minor reservations, and Bishops Francisco Marroquín of Guatemala and Juan Lopez de Zárate of Oaxaca did not object. This resulted in a new resolution to be presented to viceroy Mendoza

May 1(?), 1546 - Mexico City - Arrives in Mexico City with Rodrigo de Ladrada

April 1(?), 1547 - Veracruz, Mexico - Sails for Spain, never to return to the New World

May(?) 1(?), 1547 - Terceira Island, Azores - Stopover in the Azores

June 1(?), 1547 - Lisbon, Portugal - Arrives in Lisbon. Picks up some manuscripts, chronicles and books on the portuguese expansion into the Atlantic and down the African Coast

June 5(?), 1547 - Aranda de Duero, Castile - Returns to Castille by land

April(?) 1(?), 1547 - Valladolid - De las Casas persuades the Emperor (who was in Flanders) to instruct the Council of the Indies to convene a special committee of theologians and jurists to sit in judgement on the specific issue: "Is it lawful for the King of Spain to wage war on the Indians, before preaching the faith to them, in order to subject them to his rule, so that afterward they may be more easily instructed in the faith?"

April 16, 1550 - While in Valladolid - Charles V orders all conquests in the Indies to be suspended, until the "Valladolid Debate" gives an answer to the question whether the indigenous peoples of the Americas were capable of self-governance, during the Spanish colonization of the Americas

August 15(?), 1550 - Valladolid - First session of the "Valladolid Debate" between Bartolomé de las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda. De las Casas submits his resignation as bishop of Chiapas and succeeds in having one of his disciples, Fray Tomás Casillas, be appointed to replace him

January(?) 1(?), 1551 - Valladolid - Rents a cell at the College of San Gregorio, where he lives with his assistant and friend Fray Rodrigo de Ladrada

Brevisima relación de la
destrucción de las Indias, 1552

April 1(?), 1551 - Valladolid - Second session of the "Valladolid Debate"

May 1(?), 1551 - Valladolid - Third session of the "Valladolid Debate"

March 10, 1551 - Valladolid - De las Casas is named beneficiary of the inheritance of Don Juan de Écija, and used this money to ensure the maintenance of him and his friend the confessor Rodrigo de Ladrada for the rest of their days at the Dominican College of San Gregorio in Valladolid

January(?) 1(?), 1552 - Valladolid - Publishes "Brevisima relación de la destrucción de las Indias" (a short account of the destruction of the Indies)

January(?) 1(?), 1561 - Valladolid - Finishes writing his "history of the Indies" after 40 years, signing it over to the College of San Gregorio

June(?) 1(?), 1561 - Madrid - Moves to the Dominican monastery at Atocha in Madrid

February 28, 1564 - Madrid - Signs his Last Will and Testament

January 7, 1566 - Madrid - Letter from Rome: "Cardinal Alexader has been named Pope Pius V"

July 18, 1566 - Madrid - Bartolomé de las Casas dies, aged 81 =(END)

(Father) António Vieira | Timeline

Father António Vieira (6 February 1608, Lisbon, Portugal – 18 July 1697, Bahia, Portuguese Colony of Brazil) was a Portuguese Jesuit preacher, philosopher and writer, the "prince" of Catholic pulpit-orators of his time. (Intro from Wikipedia)

February 6, 1608 - Lisbon, Portugal - António Vieira is born

January(?) 1(?), 1613 - Lisbon - Cristóvão Vieira Ravasco, António's father, departs for Brazil where he had been appointed as a clerk of the Court of Appeal of Bahia. António Vieira stays living with his mother and brother in "Nossa Senhora dos Mártires Street" in Lisbon

January(?) 1(?), 1614 - Salvador, Brazil - At the age of 6 he leaves with the family to join his father in Brazil.

January(?) 1(?), 1615 - Salvador - António Vieira begins studies at the Jesuit College
May 5, 1623 - Salvador - At the age of 15 he escaped from his paternal home and went to the college of the Society of Jesus where he was received and began the novitiate
May 8, 1624 - Salvador - An armada of the Dutch West Indies Company under the command of Jacob Willekens seizes Salvador and arrests the Governor Diogo de Mendonça Furtado. The Bishop flees during the night, saving the relics of the Jesuits who, with the population, flee to the indigenous villages of São João and Espírito Santo (now Abrantes), which were controlled by the Society of Jesus. António Vieira also takes refuge within the captaincy and develops his missionary vocation
April 30, 1625 - Salvador - Portuguese military aid arrives in Bahia from Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro, as well as the fleet of D. Francisco de Toledo sent from the "metropolis", which recover the city
May 5, 1625 - Salvador - The Jesuits celebrate in their church of Bahia, the Portuguese victory
January(?) 1(?), 1626 - Salvador - Vieira writes the "Carta Ânua", blaming the Dutch for the state of the Colony and the Missions =(START)
January(?) 1(?), 1627 - Olinda - António Vieira departs Bahia and goes governing the Chair of Rhetoric at the College of Olinda, where he remained for about three years
January(?) 1(?), 1631 - Pernambuco - Vieira fights against the Dutch in Pernambuco
January(?) 1(?), 1633 - Salvador - Preaches for the first time in Bahia and engages in the struggle against the Dutch, appealing from the pulpit to the resistance against the heretics
December 10, 1634 - Salvador - Vieira is ordained a Priest, after intensive studies of Rhetoric, Philosophy and Theology. Will preach for 5 years in the villages of Bahia
December 13, 1634 - Salvador - Father António Vieira celebrates his first mass
January(?) 1(?), 1638 - Salvador - Three patriotic sermons | Teacher of Theology at Bahia College
April 16, 1638 - Salvador - Maurice of Nassau disembarks in front of the city of Salvador, coming from Pernambuco with powerful forces (4,300 European soldiers and 1,000 auxiliary Indians), but the attack was repelled by the Portuguese after 40 days
May 1(?), 1640 - Salvador - Sermon on the Good Success of the Arms of Portugal against the Dutch
February(?) 10(?), 1641 - Salvador - News arrive in Brazil about the Restoration of the portuguese Independence, which took place on December 1, 1640
February 27, 1641 - Salvador - Father António Vieira departs Salvador for Portugal, accompanied by D. Jorge Mascarenhas, son of the Governor, and by Father Simão de Vasconcelos, to communicate the "Brazilian adhesion" to the new king, John IV
April 28, 1641 - Peniche, Portugal - Due to bad weather they are unable to anchor at Lisbon and have to disembark in Peniche
April 30, 1641 - Lisbon - Audience with King John IV
January 1, 1642 - Lisbon - Preaches for the first time in the Royal Chapel of King John IV, with a political and anti-castillan speech entitled "Sermon of the Good Years"
July 3, 1643 - Lisbon - Father António Vieira proposes to the king to let the Jews return to Portugal and to prevent the confiscation of the assets of the new Christians.
August 21, 1643 - Lisbon - Sermon in which he enumerates the problems of the country: the difficult relations with Holland, the danger of the war and the defense of Portugal, for which it was necessary the help of the Jews and their money
January(?) 1(?), 1644 - Lisbon - Father António Vieira is appointed Royal Preacher
May 22, 1644 - Lisbon - Pronounces the last votes and obtains the degree of professed of the Society of Jesus.
October 4, 1645 - Lisbon - Letter to Francisco de Sousa Coutinho, in Brazil
January(?) 1(?), 1646 - Lisbon - Father António Vieira presents a proposal to King John IV for the financial assistance of the new Christians, which opens a conflict with the Holy Office.
February 1, 1646 - Lisbon - Departs Lisbon,  responsible for an important diplomatic mission to France and the Netherlands, related to the recovery of the territory of Pernambuco, occupied by the Dutch West Indies Company
February 25, 1646 - Paris, France - Letter to the Marquess of Niza, Ambassador in Paris
March 11, 1646 - Paris(?) - Letter to the Marquess of Niza, Ambassador in Paris
April 18, 1646 - The Hague, Netherlands - Vieira arrives in Holland where he meets with the Portuguese ambassador Francisco de Sousa Coutinho
August 13, 1647 - The Hague - Second diplomatic mission: He departs to France seeking the support denied by the Dutch
October 17, 1647 - Moret Castle, Fontainebleu, France - Father António Vieira is received by Cardinal Mazarino
November 22, 1647 - Paris - Departs for Holland to negotiate the recovery of Pernambuco (whose final conquest would only happen in 1654).
December 1(?), 1647 - The Hague(?) - Arrival in the Netherlands, delayed in Paris
August 30, 1648 - The Hague - Vieira tries to convince Ambassador Coutinho to disobey King John IV and stay in the Hague
October 15, 1648 - Lisbon - Vieira arrives in Lisbon, to try to convince King John IV to change his mind about Ambassador Coutinho
March 8, 1649 - Lisbon - The General Company of Commerce of Brazil is created, a private company with the monopoly of trade with Brazil, which had been proposed by António Vieira
January(?) 1(?), 1650 - Rome - Vieira seeks to interest the Pope in the marriage of the son of King John IV with the daughter of Philip IV of Spain
December(?) 1(?), 1652 - Lisbon - Disillusioned with Portugal, Vieira departs for São Luís
January 16, 1653 - São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil - Vieira arrives at São Luís do Maranhão as Superior of the Jesuit missionaries and assumes the defense of the natives against the slaveholders' interests of the colonists.
October 1(?), 1653 - Belém, Pará - Brazil - Vieira arrives in Belém, where he verifies the oppression of the Indians by the colonists
April 4, 1654 - São Luís, Maranhão(?) - Letter to King John IV: "Here there are men of good quality who can govern more transparently and also with more respect for authority. Even if they do work in their own interest, it is always with a great deal more moderation and, in any case, all of their profits remain here so that this land continues to grow in wealth. Should these men be granted estates, they would receive them as lords and not as leaseholders, as is the case with those that come here from Portugal. But, once the Indians are free from governors and this root — which is the principal and original sin of this province — is pulled up, all of the other sins that proceed from it will also cease, and God will have more reason to grant us mercy"
June 13, 1654 - São Luís, Maranhão - Sermon of Saint Anthony to the Fishes
June 16, 1654 - São Luís, Maranhão - Father António Vieira departs to Lisbon with two companions aboard a ship loaded with sugar, to request measures in favor of the Indians and the Jesuit missions of Maranhão
August 15(?), 1654 - Off Corvo Island, Azores - After about two months of travel and in view of Corvo Island, the ship does not withstand a storm and looses the mast. A Dutch corsair gathers the shipwrecked and pillages the ship, sinking it afterwards.
August 23, 1654 - Graciosa Island, Azores - 41 Portuguese castaways are unloaded on Graciosa Island and stripped of their personal belongings. They remain on the island for two months, being assisted by the jesuits
October 7, 1654 - Terceira Island, Azores - Father António Vieira gives a sermon at the Cathedral of Angra, at the "Rosario Feast".
October 14, 1654 - São Miguel Island, Azores - Arrival to the Island of São Miguel
October 24, 1654 - São Miguel Island - On the island of São Miguel, he embarks on an English ship bound for Lisbon.
November 15(?), 1654 - Lisbon - Arrival in Lisbon
January 31, 1655 - Lisbon - Father António Vieira preaches in the Royal Chapel the "Sermon of the Sexagesima", and later, the "Sermon of the Good Thief".

Father António Vieira

December(?) 1(?), 1655 - Brazil - Returns to Brazil to direct the missions of Maranhão and Grão-Pará, taking a diploma that prohibits to the settlers any offensive activities against the Indians, without previous authorization of the King
November 6, 1656 - (While in São Luís, Maranhão) - King John IV, a friend, protector and confidant of António Vieira, dies, disappearing his political influence in the Court. His 13-year-old son, Afonso VI, succeeds him. Queen Dona Luisa de Gusmão becomes Regent of the Kingdom
November 23, 1656 - (While in São Luís, Maranhão) - The Council of State suspends the law prohibiting the confiscation of the assets of new Christians, previously defended by António Vieira
April 29, 1659 - São Luís, Maranhão - Vieira writes the letter "Hopes of Portugal, Fifth Empire of the World" to Father André Fernandes (Confessor of the Queen), about King John's death.became the basis of the qualification of the crimes that were imputed to him by the Court of the Holy Office of Coimbra
September 1(?), 1661 - São Luís, Maranhão - Vieira and the Society of Jesus are expelled by the settlers and return to Lisbon. António Vieira leaves Maranhão and Grão-Pará due to the hostility of the settlers to his ideas in defense of the Indians
January(?) 1(?), 1662 - Lisbon - Loses influence in the Court when Afonso VI and the Count of Castelo Melhor triumph of the Conspiracy
January 6, 1662 - Lisbon - Professes the "Sermon on the Epiphany" in the Royal Chapel
January(?) 1(?), 1663 - Porto - Vieira is banished to Porto and Coimbra and forbidden to return to the missions. The Inquisition falls on him
June 21, 1663 - Coimbra - Beginning of the interrogations of the process that the Inquisition had long been huddling against Vieira under the charge of Judaism, based on the prophetic writings of the "Fifth Empire"
December 12, 1663 - (While in Coimbra) - The Overseas Council revokes the privileges won by the Society of Jesus in the missions of Brazil
October 1, 1665 - Coimbra - Father António Vieira is convicted by the Inquisition, but is barred from entering prisons and is placed under custody under house arrest. The inquisitors want a formal confession but Vieira refuses
December 24, 1667 - Coimbra - The interrogations of the Tribunal of the Holy Office weaken his resistance and Vieira confesses everything that the Inquisition wants to hear. He is forbidden to preach and forced to live, as a recluse, in the Coimbra College
June 12, 1668 - Lisbon - With Prince Peter's regency, Vieira regains his freedom and returns to Lisbon. Always under surveillance by the Inquisition, he returns to preaching in the Royal Chapel
June 22, 1668 - Lisbon - Returns to the pulpit to use the word that had been forbidden to him, preaching in the Royal Chapel on the Queen's birthday
August 15, 1669 - Lisbon - Without King Peter's favor, Vieira embarks for Italy, sent by his Provincial Superior, in pilgrimage to the tombs of the Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul, but also to obtain his rehabilitation with the Pope
August(?) 25(?), 1669 - Alicante, Spain - The ship stops at Alicante in route to Rome
September(?) 5(?), 1669 - Marseille, France - The ship stops at Marseille in route to Rome
January(?) 1(?), 1670 - Rome - Vieira is received by Pope Clement X with many honors
June(?) 1(?), 1670 - Rome - Vieira lives in the Roman Court of Queen Cristina of Sweden, who invites him as an official preacher of the royal chapel of her palace, where he preaches sermons that make him famous
January(?) 1(?), 1672 - Rome - Vieira writes to King Peter II, defending the Jews
January(?) 1(?), 1674 - Rome - Vieira denounces the criminal proceedings of the Inquisition to the Pope
April 17, 1675 - Rome - The Pope acquits him of all inquisitorial condemnations and places him dependent, for judicial purposes, of the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Pontifical Curia, making him immune forever from the power of the Portuguese Inquisition
May 22, 1675 - Rome - Departs for Portugal via Marseille and La Rochelle
July(?) 10(?), 1675 - Marseille - Passing through Marseille on his way to Lisbon
August(?) 10(?), 1675 - La Rochelle, France - At La Rochelle, he embarks on a ship to Lisbon
August 23, 1675 - Lisbon - Vieira arrives in Lisbon with the rescript that exempted him from the jurisdiction of the Portuguese Holy Office.
January(?) 1(?), 1678 - Lisbon - Vieira returns to Lisbon but sees that he has lost the favor of the Court and that intolerance against New Christians has increased, as has the power of the Inquisition

"Sermons", 1679

April 1, 1680 - Lisbon - A law is approved, favorable to the freedom of the Indians of Maranhão, to which Vieira contributed
January 27, 1681 - Lisbon - Father António Vieira departs Lisbon and travels to Bahia with the powers of Superior of the Missions of the Company of Jesus in Brazil 
March(?) 1(?), 1681 - Salvador - Arrival in Salvador
January(?) 1(?), 1683 - Salvador - New agitation of the missionaries. The governor accuses Vieira of complying with the murder of the city's High-Warden
September 11, 1684 - Salvador - Professes the "Sermon of the Exequies" of Queen Maria Francisca of Savoy at Misericórdia Church
May 10, 1686 - Salvador - António Vieira is one of the few not to contract yellow fever
January(?) 1(?), 1687 - (While in Salvador) - At the end of a complicated process, the Ravascos win the suit and are cleared of all guilt
January(?) 1(?), 1688 - (While in Salvador) - Vieira is nominated for the high position of "Visitator"(inspector) of the Province of Brazil
May 23, 1689 - Salvador - Letter to the Earl of Ericeira
March 1, 1693 - (While in Salvador) - The Brazilian Mint is created, according to the project that Father António Vieira had presented two years before
July 31, 1694 - Salvador - Vieira sends a "circular" letter of farewell to all the friends with whom he corresponded
June 10, 1697 - Salvador - Father António Vieira looses his voice
July 18, 1697 - Salvador, Bahia - Father António Vieira dies, aged 89 =(END)

Bibliography

FRANCO, José Eduardo (coord), "Padre António Vieira, o Imperador da língua portuguesa", Lisbon, Correio da Manhã, 2008

Martin Luther | Timeline

Martin Luther (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546), was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. (Intro from Wikipedia)

November 10, 1483 - Eisleben - Martin Luther is born

January(?) 1(?), 1484 - Mansfeld - Luther family moves to Mansfeld, where Martin's father was a leaseholder of copper mines and smelters and served as one of four citizen representatives on the local council

January(?) 1(?), 1497 - Magdeburg - Hans Luther sends his son to the Latin School in Magdeburg

January(?) 1(?), 1498 - Eisenach - Hans Luther sends his son to study in Eisenach

January(?) 1(?), 1501 - Erfurt - At the age of 19, Martin Luther enters the University of Erfurt (which he later described as a beerhouse and whorehouse)

January(?) 1(?), 1505 - Erfurt - Martin Luther receives his master's degree

July 2, 1505 - Erfurt - Returning to university on horseback after a trip home, during a thunderstorm, a lightning bolt strikes near him. He was terrified of death and divine judgment, and cried out, "Help! Saint Anna, I will become a monk!". He came to view his cry for help as a vow he could never break =(START)

July 17, 1505 - Erfurt - Luther sells his books, leaves law school and enters St.Augustine's Monastery

April 3, 1507 - Erfurt - Luther is ordained priest by Jerome Scultetus, Bishop of Brandenburg, in Erfurt Cathedral

January(?) 1(?), 1508 - Erfurt - Von Staupitz, first dean of the newly founded University of Wittenberg, sends for Luther, to teach theology

March 9, 1508 - Erfurt - Luther receives a bachelor's degree in Biblical studies

January(?) 1(?), 1509 - Luther receives a bachelor's degree in the "sentences" by Peter Lombard (XII century)

October 19, 1512 - Wittenberg - Luther is awarded his Doctor of Theology

October 21, 1512 - Wittenberg - Luther is received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg, having succeeded Staupitz as chair of theology

October 31, 1517 - Wittenberg - Luther writes to his bishop, Albert of Mainz, protesting the sale of indulgences
October 5, 1518 - Nuremberg - Luther, accompanied by two of Elector Frederick's advisors, come through Nuremberg on their way to the Diet at Augsburg. He meets with Albrecht Dürer's neighbor, Lazarus Spengler, the secretary to the Nuremberg Council

October 12, 1518 - Augsburg - Over a three-day period, Luther defends himself under questioning by papal legate Cardinal Cajetan

January 1(?), 1519 - Altenburg - The Papal Nuncio Karl von Miltitz adopts a more conciliatory approach. Luther makes certain concessions to the Saxon, who was a relative of the Elector, and promised to remain silent if his opponents did.

July 1(?), 1519 - Leipzig - Luther is invited to speak in a public debate. Johann Eck tries to expose his doctrine

June 15, 1520 - Wittenberg(?) - The Pope warns Luther with the papal bull (edict) "Exsurge Domine" that he risks excommunication unless he recants 41 sentences drawn from his writings, including the Ninety-five Theses, within 60 days

October 1(?), 1520 - Wittenberg(?) - Luther sends the Pope a copy of "On the Freedom of a Christian"
November 12, 1520 - (While at Wittenberg)(?) - News of a papal bull ordering the burning of Luther's books arrive in Cologne

December 10, 1520 - Wittenberg - Luther publicly burns the papal bull (edict) and decretals

January 3, 1521 - Wittenberg - Luther is excommunicated by Pope Leo X, in the bull "Decet Romanum Pontificem".

April 18, 1521 - Worms - Luther appears as ordered before the Diet of Worms

May 1, 1521 - Wartburg Castle, Eisenach - Luther is taken to the Castle of Wartberg by Frederick III to save his life

August 1, 1521 - Wartburg Castle, Eisenach - Letter to Philip Melanchthon (German lutheran reformer)

December 1(?), 1521 - Wittenberg - Luther visits Wittenberg, in disguise

March 1, 1522 - Wartburg Castle, Eisenach - End of Luther's stay at Wartburg Castle, after translating the "New Testament"

March 6, 1522 - Wittenberg - Luther secretly returns to Wittenberg

March 9, 1522 - Wittenberg - Luther restarts preaching his sermons - Eight sermons in eight days, which became known as the "Invocavit sermons"

April 1(?), 1523 - Nimbschen Convent, Grimma, SE Leipzig - Luther helps twelve nuns escape from a Cistercian convent at Nimbschen, including Katharina von Bora, his future wife, when he arranges for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels

June 13, 1525 - Wittenberg - Luther marries Katharina von Bora

January 1, 1526 - Wittenberg - Luther starts reorganizing the practises of the Church in depth

October 1, 1529 - Marburg - Beginning of the Marburg Colloquy, convoked by Philipp I, Landgrave of Hessen

October 4, 1529 - Marburg - End of the Marburg Colloquy

January(?) 1(?), 1536 - Wittenberg - Luther begins suffering from kidney and bladder stones, and arthritis

December 1(?), 1544 - Wittenberg - Luther begins feeling the effects of angina

February 15, 1546 - Eisleben, W. of Halle - Luther's last sermon

February 18, 1546 - Eisleben - Martin Luther dies, aged 62 =(END)