Showing posts with label Journalists. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Journalists. Show all posts

Wednesday, 4 May 2022

Joseph Goebbels | Timeline

Paul Joseph Goebbels (29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician who was the Gauleiter (district leader) of Berlin, chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945. He was one of Adolf Hitler's closest and most devoted acolytes, known for his skills in public speaking and his deeply virulent antisemitism, which was evident in his publicly voiced views. He advocated progressively harsher discrimination, including the extermination of the Jews in the Holocaust. (Intro from Wikipedia)

October 29, 1897 - Rheydt, Prussia - Paul Joseph Goebbels is born
January(?) 1(?), 1907 - Rheydt - Begins elementary education
January(?) 1(?), 1907 - Rheyt - Diagnosed with infantile paralysis of the right foot, he is unsucessfully operated. After the surgery, he begins walking with a noticeable limp
December 1(?), 1915 - Rheydt - His sister Elisabeth dies of tuberculosis
March 1(?), 1917 - Rheydt - Takes his "Abitur" (Baccaulaureate) examination. As the top student in his class he gives a speech at the award ceremony: "The land of poets and thinkers must now prove that it is more than that, that it has a valid claim to lead the world politically and intellectually"
April 1(?), 1917 - Bonn - Goebbels sets off to study at the University of Bonn
October 1(?), 1917 - Bonn - Begins his second semester in Bonn after a trip back to Rheydt to get some financial help
April(?) 1(?), 1918 - Freiburg - Begins his third semester in Freiburg
May 1(?), 1918 - Freiburg - Begins a relationship with Anka Stalherm
November 11, 1918 - Würzburg - In Würzburg during the Armistice of 1918
January 1(?), 1919 - Rheydt - Returns to Rheydt (from Würzburg), via Cologne
December 24, 1919 - Munich - Christmas Eve in Munich
Goebbels, 1921
November 1(?), 1921 - Heidelberg - Obtains a Doctor of Philosophy degree from theUniversity of Heidelberg
October 1(?), 1922 - Rheydt - Allowed to give a talk on German literature at a technical school in Rheydt
January 2, 1923 - Cologne - Goebbels takes a job at the Dresdner Bank in Cologne
August 1(?), 1923 - Baltrum Island, North Sea - Goes with his new girlfriend Else Janke to Baltrum Island
August 15(?), 1923 - Rheydt - Returns to Rheydt after being dismissed from the bank
August 17, 1923 - Rheydt - Begins writing his famous diary
October 21, 1923 - Rheydt - Separatist groups who enjoyed the support of the French and Belgian occupying powers stage a coup in Rheydt, aimed at bringing about an independent Rhenish state
March 13, 1924 - Rheydt - Diary: “I am thinking about Hitler and the National Socialist movement and will obviously have to go on doing so for some time. Socialism and Christ. Ethical foundations. Away from paralyzing materialism. Back to devotion and to God!"
April 4, 1924 - Rheydt - Diary: "We have founded a local National Socialist group" =(START)
April 28, 1924 - Rheydt - The group organizes a big election meeting
June 30(?), 1924 - Elberfeld - Attends a political conference in Elberfeld
August 17, 1924 - Weimar - Attends a 2-day conference of German-völkisch supporters and National Socialists
August 21, 1924 - Mönchengladbach - Goebbels and Fritz Prang found a local group of the National Socialist Freedom Movement of Greater Germany in Mönchengladbach
September 3, 1924 - Wickrath - Speech in Wickrath
September 10, 1924 - Mönchengladbach - Speech in Mönchengladbach
September 17, 1924 - Wickrath - Speech in Wickrath
September 23, 1924 - Elberfeld - Takes part in a commemoration of the battle of Tannenberg in Elberfeld. Speaks for the first time with Ludendorff and Röhm
September 25, 1924 - Rheydt - Speech in Rheydt
September 27, 1924 - Neuss - Speech in Neuss
October 22, 1924 - Rheydt - The belgian occupation authorities carry out a search of Goebbels house in Rheydt
October 23, 1924 - Rheydt - Goebbels is interrogated by the criminal police. On the same day, he decides to leave for Elberfeld
November 1(?), 1924 - Berlin - Trip to Berlin
December 25, 1924 - Rheydt - Christmas in Rheydt
July 12, 1925 - Weimar - Gau leaders' conference in Weimar. Goebbels meets Adolf Hitler
July 13, 1925 - Elberfeld - Returns to Elberfeld. Diary: "I’m a different person. Now I know that the man who leads was born to be a leader. I’m ready to sacrifice everything for him (Hitler)"
August 20, 1925 - Elberfeld - Meeting with Gregor Strasser
September 10, 1925 - Hagen - NSDAP meeting in Hagen. Goebbels becomes the business manager of the Party in northern and western Germany aswell as editor of the information publication "Nationalsozialistische Briefe" (National Socialist Correspondence)
October 12, 1925 - Elberfeld - Diary: "Hitler doesn’t trust me. He has complained about me. How that hurts"
November 1(?), 1925 - Elberfeld - Publishes the article "National Socialism or Bolshevism" in the "Völkischer Beobachter"
November 17, 1925 - Chemnitz - Speech "Lenin or Hitler?"
November 19, 1925 - Landshut - Goebbels meets Heinrich Himmler
November 20, 1925 - Plauen - Hitler and Goebbels meet again at an event in Plauen where both were speaking. "He greets me like an old friend. And treats me with solicitude. How I love him! What a fellow!
December 25, 1925 - Rheydt(?) - At Christmas, Hitler sends Goebbels a leather-bound copy of "Mein Kampf", complete with a personal dedication in which he praised Goebbels's work as exemplary
January 15, 1926 - Elberfeld - Publishes the article "Orientation: West or East" in the "Nationalsozialistische Briefe"
February 14, 1926 - Bamberg, Upper Franconia - Bamberg Conference (Hitler wanted to pressure the dissident northern faction to accept the leadership of Munich). "One of the greatest disappointments of my life. I no longer totally believe in Hitler. That’s the terrible thing: I’ve lost my inner conviction. I’m now just half the man I was"
February 15, 1926  - Munich - Visit to the NSDAP headquarters. Conversation with Hitler
February 19, 1926 - Königsberg - Speech "Lenin or Hitler?"
April 8, 1926 - Munich, Germany - Hitler embraces Goebbels "with tears in his eyes" after a wildly successful speech at the Burgerbraukeller
April 9, 1926 - Munich - Diary: "Unity (of the Party) follows. Hitler is great"
April 13, 1926 - Landshut - With Himmler during a speaking tour
May 22, 1926 - Munich - Takes part in the general meeting of NSDAP members in Munich
July 3, 1926 - Weimar - 2nd NSDAP congress (2 days)
July 4, 1926 - Weimar - The "Jugendbund der NSDAP" is renamed "Hitlerjugend" (Hitler Youth)
July 20, 1926 - Elberfeld - Meeting with Hitler and Kaufmann. Hitler appoints Kaufmann Gauleiter (Party Organizer) for North and West Germany
August 30(?), 1926 - While in Elberfeld - Hitler recognizes Goebbels's talents and flatters him into accepting the position of Gauleiter (Party Organizer) for the Berlin section
September 15(?), 1926 - Berlin - Travels to Berlin
October 26, 1926 - Elberfeld - Goebbels accepts the position of Gauleiter (Party Organizer) of Berlin
October 30, 1926 - Zwickau - With Himmler at Zwickau
November 9, 1926 - Berlin - Goebbels leaves Elberfeld for Berlin. Speech at arrival
December 17, 1926 - Berlin - Speech at the Veteran's Association in Berlin
February 23, 1927 - Munich - Goebbels visits Hitler: "I’m terrifically pleased to see him again. He is so good to me. A true Führer and friend!"
March 20, 1927 - Trebbin, near Berlin - Speech in Trebbin
May 4, 1927 - Berlin - Speech at the Veteran's Association House. At the end, the police search all people present
May 5, 1927 - Berlin - The Berlin police bans the Nazi Party from the city and Goebbels is subjected to a public speaking ban until the end of October
June 10, 1927 - Berlin - Berlin NSDAP rally
July 3, 1927 - Dessendorf, Sudetenland (Desna, near Jablobec) - Speech at a NSDAP rally
July 4, 1927 - Berlin - First publication of Goebbels' newspaper "Der Angriff"
November 8, 1927 - Neukölln - Speech in Neukölln
February 1(?), 1928 - Berlin - Begins an affair with russian émigrée Tamara von Heede
April 14, 1928 - Berlin - The Party is officially re-founded in a solemn ceremony held at the Veteran Soldiers' House
May 13, 1928 - Wilmersdorf - Organizes an SA march in Wilmersdorf
May 17, 1928 - Spandau - Organizes an SA march in Spandau
May 20, 1928 - Berlin - The Nazis score just 2,6% in the May 1928 Reichstag elections. Goebbels is elected to the Reichstag
July 23, 1928 - Borkum Island (near the Netherlands) - Goebbels goes alone to Borkum Island to recuperate (until August 4th)
August 4, 1928 - Berlin - Returns to Berlin, where problems with the SA begin
August 12, 1928 - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria - Trip to Garmisch-Partenkirchen to revise his "Michael" manuscript of 1924
August 20, 1928 - Berlin - Returns to Berlin
August 30(?), 1928 - Munich - Meeting of the NSDAP elite in Munich
September 30(?), 1928 - Teltow, near Berlin - The NSDAP holds its "Third Brandenburg Day". March to Berlin
September 7, 1929 - Schöneberg | Wilmersdorf - March through Schöneberg and Wilmersdorf
September 15, 1929 - Charlottenburg - Propaganda march through Charlottenburg
September 22, 1929 - Neukölln - SA march in Neukölln. Goebbels is attacked while inspecting the marchers
September 26, 1929 - Neukölln - Speech in Neukölln: "We are fighting against men, yes, but in them we are fighting the system. We don’t speak like the bourgeois parties of the corruption in Berlin or the Bolshevism of Berlin City Hall"
November 7, 1929 - Berlin - Receives the news of his father's death
November 8, 1929 - Berlin - Speech at the Veteran Soldiers' House for the Berlin Gau in commemoration of the Great War fallen soldiers
November 11, 1929 - Rheydt - Spends two days in Rheydt after his father's funeral
December 18, 1929 - Berlin - Memorial gathering for SA man Walter Fischer
December 29, 1929 - Berlin - Publishes the article "Is Hindenburg still alive?" in "Der Angriff"
February 21, 1930 - Nuremberg - Meets Hitler in Nuremberg
February 23, 1930 - Berlin - Horst Wessel, SA troop leader and author of the hymn "Die Fahne Hoch" is murdered by two communists. Goebbels decides to make him the martyr figure of National-Socialism
March 13, 1930 - Berlin - Speech at the Veteran Soldiers' House against Hindenburg
April 18, 1930 - Sweden - 6-day vacation in Sweden with Göring
April 26, 1930 - Munich - NSDAP leaders' conference in Munich (2 days). Goebbels is appointed head of propaganda in Munich
May 2, 1930 - Berlin - Hitler visits Berlin
July 18, 1930 - Munich - After Hindenburg dissolves the Parliament, Göring and Goebbels leave the Reichstag unhindered and take the night train to Munich
August 12, 1930 - Hanover - Appears in court in Hanover to answer a charge of slandering the Prussian prime minister, Otto Braun
August 28, 1930 - Berlin - Back in Berlin
August 30, 1930 - Berlin - Meeting with Hitler and Göring after a short trip to Breslau
September 14, 1930 - Berlin - The nazis win 18% of the votes in the September 1930 Reichtag elections
September 25, 1930 - Leipzig - Göring and Goebbels go to Leipzig to appear as witnesses in the Leipzig Treason Trial
November 7, 1930 - Berlin - Diary: "A lovely woman called Magda Quandt is reorganizing my private papers"
February 21, 1931 - Weimar - Trip to Weimar with Magda Quandt
March 13, 1931 - Berlin - Diary: "someone tried to kill me with a bomb"
March 18, 1931 - Berlin - The police imposes a public speaking ban on Goebbels
March 20, 1931 - Königsberg - The police prohibits Goebbels from speaking in Königsberg
March 31, 1931 - Weimar - Goebbels meets Hitler in Weimar
April 5, 1931 - Munich - Easter with Hitler in Munich
April 8, 1931 - Berlin - Back in Berlin
June 9, 1931 - Munich - Goebbels and Göring participate in a NSDAP leadership conference in Munich
July 6, 1931 - St.Peter-Ording - Stays with Magda at the seaside resort of St.Peter-Ording (Until August 5th)
August 25, 1931 - Berlin - Hitler takes an interest in Magda Quandt and visits her while Goebbels was away at a memorial ceremony
October 10, 1931 - Berlin | Bad Harzburg - Hitler drives to Bad Harzburg with Goebbels and Göring
October 18, 1931 - Braunschweig - Drives to Braunschweig with Magda Quandt, where a National-socialist march was planned
November 1, 1931 - Munich - Hitler convinces Goebbels and Magda Quandt to travel with him to Munich, via Weimar
Wedding day - Magda, Goebbels
and Magda's 10-year-old son Harold
December 19, 1931 - Severin, Mecklenburg - 
Joseph Goebbels marries Magda Quandt
January 18, 1932 - Munich - Meeting with Hitler
February 15, 1932 - Berlin - Diary: "Magda Quandt comes in the evening. And stays for a very long time. And blossoms into an enchanting blond sweetness. You really are my queen"
February 23, 1932 - Berlin - Speech in the Reichstag
March 1, 1932 - Berlin - Departs for a speaking tour in Madgeburg, Essen, Düsseldorf and Cologne
March 27, 1932 - Munich | Obersalzberg - Hitler and Goebbels leave Munich for the Easter break at Obersalzberg
March 31, 1932 - Berlin - Returns to Berlin
April 4, 1932 - Lustgarten, Berlin - Hitler's speech at Lustgarten, Berlin, with Goebbels by his side
May 5, 1932 - Berchtesgaden - Goebbels and Magda visit Hitler in Berchtesgaden
May 7, 1932 - Berlin - Back in Berlin
July 31, 1932 - Munich - The nazis win 37% of the votes in the July 1932 Reichtag elections
August 6, 1932 - Berchtesgaden - Meeting with Hitler
August 22, 1932 - Berlin - Returns from vacations on the Baltic
August 25, 1932 - Berchtesgaden - Meeting with Hitler
August 30, 1932 - Berlin - Attends the inaugural session of the Reichstag
August 31, 1932 - Berlin - Party at Göring's house with presence of Hitler, Goebbels and Röhm
September 1, 1932 - Berlin - Daughter Helga is born
November 30, 1932 - Weimar - Goebbels meets Hitler in Weimar
January 24, 1933 - Munich - Meeting with Hitler in Munich
January 30, 1933 - Berlin - President Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler, "Führer" of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany
March 14, 1933 - Berlin - Appointed Reichsminister of Public Enlightment and Propaganda
March 26, 1933 - Berchtesgaden - Visits Hitler in Berchtesgaden
April 19, 1933 - Berlin - Back in Berlin
May 1, 1933 - Lustgarten, Berlin - Conversation with Hindenburg
Goebbels, May 10, 1933
National Archives and Records Administration,
College Park, MD
May 10, 1933 - Berlin - Public book burning on the Opernplatz in Berlin
May 18, 1933 - Wilmersdorf - Speech to members of the film industry
May 28, 1933 - Brenner Pass | Bologna, Italy - Departs for Italy, crossing the Brenner Pass by train and reaching Bologna
May 29, 1933 - Rome, Italy - Arrives in Rome
July 19, 1933 - Bayreuth - Hitler and Goebbels attend the Bayreuth Festival
August 6, 1933 - Obersalzberg - Attends Hitler's speech on the autobahn construction and the establishment of a Senate
August 20, 1933 - While in Berlin - Magda Goebbels meets Hitler in Munich and both go to Berchtesgaden
August 22, 1933 - Berchtesgaden - Goebbels arrives in Berchtesgaden. Meeting with Hitler and Göring
August 25, 1933 - Munich | Berlin - Hitler and Goebbels travel to Berlin via Munich
August 30, 1933 - Nuremberg - 5th NSDAP congress, the "Rally of Victory". Leni Riefenstahl's film "Der Sieg des Glaubens" is made at this rally
September 24, 1933 - Geneva, Switzerland - Goebbels arrives in Geneva for the annual assembly of the League of Nations
October 11, 1933 - Berlin - Meeting with Hitler about the disarmament question
October 15, 1933 - Munich - Attends the Festival of German Art
October 16, 1933 - Mount Himmerich, near Bonn - Travels to Mount Himmerich in the Siebengebirge mountains near Bonn, where a monument was to be erected to celebrate the defeat of Rhineland separatism
November 10, 1933 - Berlin - Speech for the workers of the Siemens factory
December 25, 1933 - Rheydt - Christmas with his family in Rheydt
April 13, 1934 - Berlin - Second daughter, Hilde, is born
May 1(?), 1934 - Zweibrucken - Speech at Zweibrucken on the Saar question
June 30, 1934 - Munich | Bad Wiessee | Berlin - "Night of the Long Knives" - Hitler and his entourage fly to Munich. Then take care to Bad Wiessee and personally puts Röhm and other SA leaders under arrest. Goebbels flies to Berlin and telephones Göring with the codeword "kolibri" to let loose the execution squads on the rest of their unsuspecting victims
July 2, 1934 - Berlin - Goebbels tries to prevent newspapers from publishing lists of the dead, but at the same time uses a radio address to describe how Hitler narrowly prevented Röhm and Schleicher from overthrowing the Government and throwing the country into turmoil
July 15, 1934 - Heiligendamm - Hitler, Joseph and Magda Goebbels go to Heiligendamm
July 22, 1934 - Bayreuth - Attends the Bayreuth Festival
August 2, 1934 - Berlin - President Paul Hindenburg dies. Hitler proposes a referendum in order to confirm his succession
August 25, 1934 - Berlin - Speech in Berlin
August 26, 1934 - Cologne - Hitler and Goebbels open a Saarland exhibition in Cologne
August 29, 1934 - Obersalzberg - Hitler and Goebbels arrive in Obersalzberg for a few days stay
September 4, 1934 - Nuremberg - Goebbels arrives in Nuremberg for the 6th NSDAP congress and rally
September 5, 1934 - Nuremberg - 6th NSDAP congress and rally (5 days), attended by 700,000 nazi supporters. Leni Riefenstahl's film "Triumph des Willens" was made at this rally
October 25, 1934 - Munich - Gauleiter conference in Munich
March 28, 1935 - Berlin - Hitler and Goebbels attend the premiere of Leni Riefenstahl's "Triumph of the Will"
June 5, 1935 - Heiligendamm - Vacations in Heiligendamm
September 10, 1935 - Nuremberg - 7th NSDAP congress and rally (6 days). Leni Riefenstahl's film "Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht" is made at this rally
September 15, 1935 - Berlin - Approval of the "Nuremberg Laws" - The laws banned sexual relations and marriages between Aryans and Jews and were later extended to include "Gypsies, Negroes or their bastard offspring". The laws stripped all non-Aryans of their German citizenship
October 2, 1935 - Berlin - First son, Helmut, is born
February 6, 1936 - Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria - Opening Ceremony of the 1936 Winter Olympics
February 8, 1936 - Munich - The Goebbels move to Munich
February 11, 1936 - Schwerin - Hitler and Goebbels attend the funeral of Wilhelm Gustloff, leader of the Swiss NSDAP (who had been assassinated by a jewish student). Hitler gives a "radical, trenchant speech against the jews"
February 15, 1936 - Berlin - Hitler and Goebbels open the International Automobile Exhibition in Berlin
February 17, 1936 - Garmisch-Partenkirchen - Hitler and Goebbels attend the closing ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games
March 2, 1936 - Berlin - Hitler summons Goebbels, Göring, Ribbentrop and Erich Raeder among others to the Reich Chancellery to inform them that he would announce the remilitarization of the Rhineland
June 1(?), 1936 - Berlin - Accompanied by Goebbels, Leni Riefensfahl receives the Italian Award for Best Film for "Triumph des Willes"
June 2, 1936 - Schwanenwerder Island, SW Berlin - Goebbels meets czech actress Lida Baarová
July 19, 1936 - Bayreuth - Goebbels goes to Bayreuth for the Wagner Festival (9 days)
July 29, 1936 - Berlin - Goebbels returns from Bayreuth to attend the Olympic Games
August 15, 1936 - Berlin - Hitler has a conversation with Magda Goebbels about her husband's affair with czech actress Lída Baarová
August 16, 1936 - Berlin - Closing ceremony of the Olympic Games. Hitler rebukes Goebbels, stating that in view of his "perfect marriage" as well as the upcoming Sudeten annexation, his affair with a Czech actress was an impossibility. Baarová is told that she had to end her relationship with Goebbels immediately and is forbidden to perform on Hitler's direct orders.
August 30, 1936 - Venice, Italy - Spends 3 days at the Venice Biennale with Magda Goebbels
September 8, 1936 - Nuremberg - 8th NSDAP congress (6 days)
September 10, 1936 - Nuremberg - Speech "Bolshevism, the World enemy"
September 22, 1936 - Athens, Greece - Goebbels flies to Athens, Greece
September 29, 1936 - Berlin - Returns from Greece
Magda, Hitler and Goebbels
(Independent.co.uk)
January 5, 1937 - Berchtesgaden -
 The Goebbelses join Hitler in Berchtesgaden
January 9, 1937 - Berlin - Returns to Berlin
February 19, 1937 - Berlin - His fourth child, a daughter, is born
May 28, 1937 - Berlin - Speech "the sex offenders and those behind them"
June 6, 1937 - Regensburg - Unveiling of the bust for the 'German naturalized' Austrian composer Anton Bruckner in the Walhalla in Regensburg
July 3, 1937 - Heiligendamm - Vacations in Heiligendamm
July 9, 1937 - Obersalzberg - The Goebbels family joins Hitler on the Obersalzberg
July 16, 1937 - Munich - Hitler and Goebbels visit the "Exhibition of Degenerate Art"
August 2, 1937 - Breslau - Hitler and Goebbels attend a choral festival in Breslau with a public of 30,000 people
September 6, 1937 - Nuremberg - 9th NSDAP congress (7 days)
November 26, 1937 - Berlin - Visit to Leni Riefenstahl while she was preparing her Olympic Games film
March 30(?), 1938 - Vienna, Austria - Goebbels arrives in Vienna
April 11, 1938 - Vienna | Berlin - Hitler and Goebbels take the train to Berlin. Diary: "The Führer wants to force [the jews] all out of Germany. To Madagascar or somewhere. Quite right!
April 20, 1938 - Berlin - Attends the premiere of Leni Riefenstahl's film "Olympia" and is photographed with his mistress, Lida Baarová
May 3, 1938 - Roma-Ostiense station - Hitler, Himmler and Goebbels travel to Rome and meet King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy at Roma-Ostiense station
May 6, 1938 - Rome, Italy - Hitler, Himmler and Goebbels meet Mussolini and Galeazzo Ciano at the Villa Borghese
May 10, 1938 - Berlin - Hitler, Himmler and Goebbels return to Berlin
May 28, 1938 - Berlin - Gives a talk at the opening of the "Degenerate Music" exhibition (with composer Richard Strauss)
August 6, 1938 - Berlin - Annual Radio Exhibition in Berlin. Goebbels tries one of the new "People's radio sets"
September 5, 1938 - Nuremberg - 10th NSDAP congress (7 days)
September 17, 1938 - Obersalzberg - Meets Hitler in Obersalzberg
September 22, 1938 - Bad Godesberg, Rhine - Neville Chamberlain flies to meet Hitler again - Hitler demands immediate cession of the Sudetenland
September 24, 1938 - Berlin - Hitler and Goebbels return to Berlin
October 22, 1938 - Schorfheide - Göring receives Goebbels at his house in Schorfheide
October 23, 1938 - Obersalzberg - Goebbels joins Hitler on the Obersalzberg
November 10, 1938 - Munich - Joins Hitler in Munich
December 30, 1938 - Berlin - NSDAP parade in Berlin
January 5, 1939 - Obersalzberg - Spends 10 days on the Obersalzberg with Hitler
March 27, 1939 - Budapest, Hungary - Goebbels arrives in Budapest
March 31, 1939 - Athens, Greece - Goebbels arrives in Athens, via Belgrade
April 1, 1939 - Island of Rhodes - Goebbels flies to the Island of Rhodes
April 5, 1939 - Cairo, Egypt - Goebbels flies to Cairo
April 9, 1939 - Island of Rhodes - Returns to Rhodes
April 19, 1939 - Berlin - Preparations for the Führer's birthday
June 1(?), 1939 - Danzig (Gdansk, Poland) - Arrives in Danzig for the Gau culture week
July 2, 1939 - Salzburg, Austria - Arrives in Salzburg
August 15, 1939 - Berlin - Flies back to Berlin
August 22, 1939 - Berchtesgaden - Joins Hitler in Berchtesgaden. Hitler orders a military mobilisation against Poland
August 24, 1939 - Berlin - Hitler and Goebbels return to Berlin
September 27, 1939 - Gross-Born - Goebbels visits Hitler's headquarters at the troop training ground of Gross-Born
October 31, 1939 - Łodz, Poland - Goebbels arrives in Łodz to meet Governor General Hans Frank
November 8, 1939 - Munich - Goebbels attends Hitler's speech at the Bürgerbräukeller. Surprisingly, the Führer finishes his speech earlier than expected, after being informed by his pilot that he would have to return to Berlin by train due to bad weather making it dangerous to fly. Hitler leaves the place 11 minutes before Elser's bomb explodes, leaving 8 dead and 63 wounded
April 8, 1940 - Berlin - Hitler informs Goebbels about the invasion of Denmark and Norway on the next day
June 30, 1940 - Ypres | Langemarck | Arras - Goebbels visits the First World War battlefields of Ypres, Langemarck and Arras
July 1, 1940 - Paris, France - Goebbels arrives in Paris after visiting The Hague, Brussels, Antwerp and Louvain
July 3, 1940 - Near Freudenstadt, Black Forest - Goebbels is summoned to Hitler's headquarters near Freudenstadt in the Black Forest
July 18, 1940 - Berlin - Reception of the troops in Berlin following the French campaign
August 4, 1940 - Berlin - Hitler summons Goebbels to the Reich Chancellery: "“He has decided to get tougher. Large-scale air raids on England impending. Accompanied by a barrage of propaganda to the English people that I’m to prepare and carry out"
August 24, 1940 - Berlin - Diary: "Italy wanted to intervene in Yugoslavia and Greece", but Hitler "expressed the wish that they not do that. We must defeat England. That is the first and most important task"
October 21, 1940 - Berlin - Inspects houses destroyed by the first british air raids on Berlin
October 29, 1940 - Berlin - Daughter Heide is born
November 13, 1940 - Berlin - "Diplomatic breakfast" with Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov
March 20, 1941 - Berlin - In a meeting at the ministry of Propaganda, Adolf Eichmann announces that it would be possible to deport 15,000 jews from Berlin, if they were joined up with the 60,000 jews that Hitler had approved for deportation
April 12, 1941 - Berlin - Hitler and Goebbels receive the news in shock that Rudolf Hess took off in a plane and landed by parachute in Scotland
April 13, 1941 - Berchtesgaden - Hitler and Goebbels fly to Berchtesgaden. Hitler abolishes the position of the Führer's deputy
April 14, 1941 - Berlin - Back in Berlin
August 27, 1941 - Zeithaim, near Riesa - Goebbels visits one of the prisoner camps where soviet soldiers were kept in sub-human conditions
September 21, 1941 - Army South Group HQ (Kiev region) - Goebbels arrives for a visit. Hitler decides to begin deporting the German jews to the East
October 28, 1941 - Berlin - Diary: "The modestly-sized preliminary evacuations of jews from Berlin are still a major theme in enemy propaganda"
November 2, 1941 - Vilnius, Lithuania - Held up in Vilnius because of bad weather and unable to fly to Smolensk
December 5, 1941 - Vienna, Austria - Speech in Vienna at the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of Mozart's death
December 9, 1941 - Berlin - Hitler arrives in Berlin for a meeting with Goebbels
December 11, 1941 - Berlin - Hitler declares WAR against the United States
December 12, 1941 - Berlin - Reich Chancellery Meeting - Hitler resolves that the Jews of Europe were to be exterminated immediately, rather than after the war, which now had no end in sight.
March 13, 1942 - Vienna, Austria - Speech at the Heldenplatz in Vienna on the occasion of the 4th anniversary of the Anschluss
March 27, 1942 - Berlin - Diary: "The Jews are now being deported to the east from the General Government, beginning with Lublin. A fairly barbaric procedure, not to be described in any detail, is being used here, and not much is left of the Jews themselves. In general it can probably be established that 60 percent of them will have to be liquidated, while only 40 percent can be put to work"
March 29, 1942 - Berlin - Goebbels receives the first reports of an "extraordinarily heavy air raid that the English have carried out on Lübeck"
May 31, 1942 - Berlin - Goebbels receives the first reports of a "massive air raid that the English have carried out on Cologne" (The first thousand-bomber raid in history)
June 15, 1942 - Berlin - Social event with the "most polite Berliner" circle in Berlin
July 8, 1942 - Feldafing - Goebbels visits the National Socialist German College in Feldafing
August 7, 1942 - Berlin | Cologne - Meeting with Göring. Goebbels flies to Cologne for a tour of inspection
August 8, 1942 - Düsseldorf - Visit to Düsseldorf
August 12, 1942 - Vinnitsa, Ukraine - Goebbels joins Hitler at his headquarters to provide him with the report of his tour of inspection
October 29, 1942 - Berlin - Letter from Hitler, who hoped that Goebbels could decipher his handwriting because his hands were "gradually beginning to shake"
November 8, 1942 - Munich - Commemoration of the anniversary of the failed 1923 putsch
November 18, 1942 - Elberfeld - Speech in Elberfeld after an allied bombing
December 28, 1942 - Lanke, Bogensee (N. of Berlin) - Bormann arrives in Lanke (Goebbels's manor) on Hitler's behalf to discuss with Goebbels the planned celebration of the 10th anniversary of January 30, 1933
January 8, 1943 - Berlin - Meeting with Speer, Bormann, Keitel, Lammers, Funk and Sauckel
January 22, 1943 - Wolfsschanze, near Rastenburg, East Prussia - Goebbels joins Hitler at his headquarters in East Prussia
February 3, 1943 - Berlin - Goebbels announces the fall of Stalingrad on the radio
February 5, 1943 - Posen - Speech in Posen
Sportpalast speech, Berlin
February 18, 1943 - Berlin - Sportpalast Speech in Berlin - In the first public admission thatthe Nazis were in danger, Goebbels calls for a total war (Totaler Krieg - Kürzester Krieg, or "Total War - Shortest War")
March 1, 1943 - Munich | Berlin - Berlin is attacked by over 250 planes, killing +700 people. Goebbels arrives from Munich to inspect the damage
March 8, 1943 - Vinnitsa, Ukraine - Goebbels arrives to Hitler's headquarters and the Führer informs him that he was about to dismiss Göring
April 1, 1943 - Berlin - Appointed Stadtpräsident of Berlin
April 13, 1943 - Berchtesgaden - Goebbels travels by train to Berchtesgaden for a meeting with Göring. Shortly before arriving, he suffers terrible pains in the kidneys and his unable to leave his sleeping car
June 5, 1943 - Berlin - Speech in the Sportpalast to improve the bad mood in Germany after the defeat in Tunisia
June 24, 1943 - Obersalzberg - Meeting with Hitler
June 25, 1943 - Obersalzberg - Meeting with Göring
July 8, 1943 - Cologne - Flies to Cologne in order to observe the consequences of the air raid that had taken place a few days earlier
July 9, 1943 - Heidelberg - Reception to celebrate the renewal of his doctoral diploma at Heidelberg University
July 11, 1943 - Berlin - Diary: "At last the invasion that has long been awaited and often talked about has happened" (Allied landing in Sicily)
July 17, 1943 - Berlin - Diary: "The question increasingly arises of how on earth we are supposed to cope with a two-front war"
July 26, 1943 - Wolfsschanze, near Rastenburg, East Prussia - Hitler, Bormann, Himmler and Goebbels meet in Hitler's headquarters in East Prussia to discuss the events in Italy
August 8, 1943 - Berlin - Diary: "We must now start using politics"...."For there are very obvious contradictions between the plutocratic west and the Bolshevist east"
August 18, 1943 - Hamburg - Visits Hamburg after Operation Gomorrah
August 24, 1943 - Berlin - In Berlin while the city is bombarded by RAF on the night of 23-24
September 1, 1943 - While in Berlin - His hometown of Rheydt is severely damaged by a british air raid
September 10, 1943 - Wolfsschanze, near Rastenburg, East Prussia - Hitler and Goebbels discuss their views on Italy and Mussolini
September 22, 1943 - Wolfsschanze - Meeting with Hitler
October 6, 1943 - Posen (Poznań, Poland) - Goebbels goes to a meeting of Reich leaders and Gauleiters in Posen, including Himmler
October 27, 1943 - Wolfsschanze - Goebbels visits Hitler at his headquarters: "How do we get out of the two front war, and is it better to reach a deal with England or with the Soviets?"
November 22, 1943 - Steglitz, SW Berlin - While attending a party meeting in Steglitz, Berlin suffers a massive RAF bombardment. Goebbels goes to the recently established "command bunker" at Wilhelmplatz. The Reich Chancellery, the Foreign Ministry and the ministries of transportation, finance and agriculture are hit. Diary: "There are fires burning everywhere; the streets are blocked, bombs and mines keep falling, in fact it really feels like being in a war zone"
November 28, 1943 - Berlin - Speech at a Hitler Youth Rally
December 24, 1943 - Schwanenwerder - Christmas Eve alone in Schwanenwerder
January 30, 1944 - Berlin - RAF raid over Berlin. "one of the heaviest we've experienced so far". The Sportpalast and the Philharmonie are destroyed
February 4, 1944 - Berlin - Inspection tour through Berlin
February 23, 1944 - Munich - Two-day meeting of Gauleiters in Munich
February 29, 1944 - Berlin - Meeting with Himmler
March 1, 1944 - Berlin - Goebbels receives a group of survivor soldiers from the Cherkassy pocket
June 3, 1944 - Nuremberg - Speech in Nuremberg
June 5, 1944 - Obersalzberg - Goebbels visits Hitler on the Obersalzberg
June 6, 1944 - Berchtesgaden | Schloss Klessheim - Goebbels visits the Bormanns, then is summoned to Schloss Klessheim by Hitler
June 16, 1944 - Berlin - Ministerial conference after the first operational deployment of the V-1 flying bombs
At the Berghof with Hitler
June 21, 1944 - Obersalzberg - Meeting with Hitler
June 22, 1944 - Berghof, Berchstesgaden - Meeting with Hitler
July 7, 1944 - Breslau - Speech in Breslau
July 9, 1944 - Berlin - Diary: "It must after all be possible to hold the front at some point" ... "If things go on like this the Soviets will very soon be on our East Prussian border. I keep asking myself in despair what the Führer is doing about it"
July 13, 1944 - Berlin - Speer shows Goebbels the film of the launch of an A4 (V-2 rocket). Goebbels's diary: "One has the impression of being there at the birth of a new world. I can imagine that the A4 will bring about a complete revolution in weapons technology and that future wars will look completely different"
July 20, 1944 - Berlin - Goebbels receives the news of the assassination attempt on Hitler by Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg
July 23, 1944 - Wolfsschanze, near Rastenburg, East Prussia - Goebbels is appointed Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War
August 3, 1944 - Posen - Meeting of Gauleiters in Posen
September 2, 1944 - Wolfsschanze - Meeting with Hitler and Albert Speer
September 6, 1944 - Berlin(?) - Goebbels is briefed on the V-2 rocket program by Hans Kammler
September 9, 1944 - Berlin - Goebbels learns that Magda's son Harald "was wounded and was missing in fighting on the Adriatic and there was no news yet of his having been taken prisoner"
September 20, 1944 - Berlin - Prepares a memorandum for Hitler proposing that they should attempt to begin peace negotiations with the Soviet Union through the mediation of Japan
December 1, 1944 - Berlin - Hitler summons Goebbels to the Reich Chancelery and outlines his plan for a major offensive in the West
December 3, 1944 - Lanke, Bogensee (N. of Berlin) - Hitler visits Joseph and Magda Goebbels
January 22, 1945 - Berlin - Meeting with Hitler
January 27, 1945 - Berlin - Meeting with Göring
January 29, 1945 - Berlin - Meeting with Albert Speer
March 4, 1945 - Berlin - Foreign Minister Ribbentrop's liaison at the Führer headquarters, Walther Hewel, informs Goebbels that the foreign minister's attempts "to put out feelers to the western countries [...] have no prospect of success at the moment"
March 7, 1945 - Hohenlychen Sanatorium, 75km N. of Berlin | Dresden - Goebbels meets Himmler in Hohenlychen, where the Reichsführer was recuperating from a nervous breakdown following the failure of the Army Group Vistula, which he was commanding, to halt the Red Army offensive in Pomerania. Visit to the destroyed city of Dresden. Diary: "tragedy […] such as has seldom occurred in the history of humanity and almost certainly won’t occur again during the course of this war". 
March 8, 1945 - Lauban, Silesia - Speech to the troops in Lauban, Silesia, which had just been recaptured
March 9, 1945 - Berlin - Goebbels awards a 16-year-old Hitler Youth, Willi Hübner, the Iron Cross for the defence of Lauban
March 13, 1945 - Berlin - The Propaganda Ministry is destroyed by a RAF Mosquito air raid
March 27, 1945 - Berlin - Goebbels' diary: "Speer is more of an artist by nature. Admittedly he has great organizational talent but politically he is too inexperienced to be totally reliable in this critical time. The Führer is very angry about recent statements made to him by Speer. Speer has allowed himself to be influenced by his industrialists and is continually saying that he does not intend to lift a finger to cut the German people's lifeline; this is for our enemies to do; he does not intend to take responsibility for it. The Führer counters this by saying that we have to carry the responsibility anyway, that the point now is to bring the struggle for our people's existence to a successful conclusion and that tactical questions play only a subordinate role. The Führer intends to summon Speer during the afternoon and face him with a stern alternative: either he must conform to the principles of present-day conduct of the war or the Führer will dispense with his assistance. He says with much bitterness that he would prefer to live in a prefab or creep underground then have palaces built by a member of his staff who had proved a failure at the moment of crisis"
April 18, 1945 - Berlin - Goebbels burns his private papers
April 22, 1945 - Berlin - Last article in "Das Reich" titled "Resistance at all costs". Magda Goebbels and their six children move to Hitler's underground bunker
April 23, 1945 - Berlin - Proclamation to the city of Berlin: "I call on you to fight for your city. Fight with everything you have got, for the sake of your wives and your children, your mothers and your parents. Your arms are defending everything we have ever held dear, and all the generations that will come after us. Be proud and courageous! Be inventive and cunning! Your Gauleiter is amongst you. He and his colleagues will remain in your midst. His wife and children are here as well. He, who once captured the city with 200 men, will now use every means to galvanize the defence of the capital. The battle for Berlin must become the signal for the whole nation to rise up in battle"
April 27, 1945 - Berlin - Goebbels and Magda Goebbels conclude that escaping Berlin is impossible with 6 small children and because of the condition of his leg. Both make the decision to commit suicide and not let their children live in a world without National Socialism.
April 30, 1945 - Berlin - After Hitler's suicide, Goebbels succeds him as Chancellor of Germany. He carries his sole official act as Chancellor, dictating a letter to General Chuikov, which General Krebs delivers to him at his HQ in Tempelhof. Goebbels informs the soviet commander of Hitler's death, proposing a ceasefire and offering to negotiate peace terms with him
May 1, 1945 - Berlin - After the request is rejected, Goebbels decides that further efforts were futile. Outside of the Reich Chancellery, he and his wife commit suicide, after poisoning their six children with cyanide =(END)

Wednesday, 9 March 2022

Benito Mussolini | Timeline

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 1943, and "Duce" of Italian Fascism from the establishment of the Italian Fasces of Combat in 1919 until his execution in 1945 by Italian partisans. As dictator of Italy and principal founder of fascism, Mussolini inspired and supported the international spread of fascist movements during the inter-war period. (Intro from Wikipedia)

July 29, 1883 - Dova di Predappio, Forlì-Cesena, Kingdom of Italy - Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini is born
September(?) 1(?), 1892 - Faenza, Ravenna - 9-year-old Benito Mussolini is sent to the Salesian College in Faenza
September(?) 1(?), 1894 - Forlimpopoli, Forlì-Cesena - Transfers to the State School at Forlimpopoli
July 1(?), 1901 - Forlimpopoli - Qualifies as an elementary schoolmaster
December 1(?), 1901 - Forlimpopoli - Publishes a commentary on a russian novel in the supplement of a teacher's magazine
February 1(?), 1902 - Pieve Saliceto, Gualtieri Emilia - Mussolini leaves his parents' house to take the position of relief teacher at a tiny school at Pieve Saliceto
June 1(?), 1902 - Pieve Saliceto - His contract is not renewed, probably because of an affair he had with a soldier's wife
July 9, 1902 - Bern, Switzerland(?) - Emigrates to Switzerland to avoid compulsory military service
Police mugshot, 1903
June 19, 1903 - Bern - Mussolini is arrested for his advocacy of a violent general strike
October 1(?), 1903 - Dova di Predappio - After receiving news that his mother was sick, Mussolini returns to stay (until December) with her
December 1(?), 1903 - Lausanne, Switzerland(?) - Returns to Switzerland
March 1(?), 1904 - Lausanne - Ignores the summons of the Italian state to Bologna, where he had been condemned "in absentia" by a military court for evading his national duty
March 25, 1904 - Lausanne - Public debate between Mussolini and Alfredo Tagliatatela, a Protestant pastor
April 1(?), 1904 - While in Lausanne - The Rome liberal paper "La Tribuna" publishes a report describing Mussolini as the "grande duce" (major leader) of the local socialist group, after one of his conflicts with the police
April 11, 1904 - Geneva, Switzerland - Arrested again, for falsifying his papers
December 30, 1904 - Forlì, Emilia-Romagna - Returns to Italy to take advantage of an amnesty for desertion of the military. He joins the corps of the Bersaglieri (one of the conditions for his pardon was to serve in the army)
September 1(?), 1906 - Oneglia, Liguria - Leaves the military and returns to teaching
November 1(?), 1907 - Bologna - Upgrades his qualifications to teach French at secondary level by passing a test set by the University of Bologna
July 1(?), 1908 - Oneglia - Leaves his teaching position and is farewelled with a public banquet
January 22, 1909 - Trento, Südtirol (then in Austria-Hungary) - Arrives in the italian-speaking city of Trento to take the job of secretary of the local Chamber of Labor
August 29, 1909 - Rovereto, Südtirol - A mysterious theft is blamed on Mussolini, despite a lack of evidence. He is arrested and taken to jail at Rovereto, his abode is searched and his writings seized.
September 24, 1909 - Rovereto - Mussolini is tried out but acquitted
October(?) 1(?), 1909 - Forlì - The authorities take him to the italian border and he is forced to return to Forlì
January 9, 1910 - Forlì - Begins working as editor of the 4-page socialist weekly news sheet of Forlì. At the same time, he becomes Secretary of the local branch of the Socialist Party =(START)
January 20, 1910 - Forlì - His novel "The Cardinal's Mistress" starts being published as a serial book in the Trento Newspaper "Il Popolo" until May 11th
September 1, 1910 - Forlì - Mussolini and Rachele Guidi have thir first daughter, Edda Mussolini
April 1(?), 1911 - Forlì - On Mussolini's initiative, the Forlì branch of the Italian Socialist Party declares itself autonomous
September 23, 1911 - Forlì - Publishes his first article on the libyan question for "La Lotta di Classe"
October 14, 1911 - Forlì - Mussolini participates in a riot led by socialists, against the italian war in Libya. He denounces Italy's "imperialist war"
November 18, 1911 - Forlì - Mussolini goes on trial, where he defends himself (brilliantly) but the court is unmoved and sentences him to one year's imprisonment
March 12, 1912 - Forlì - Mussolini's term is reduced and he is released
July 8, 1912 - Reggio Emilia - Speaks at the Socialists' Thirteenth Party Congress in Reggio Emilia
October 1(?), 1912 - Apulia region, SE Italy - Tours the region of Apulia
December 1, 1912 - Milan - Takes over the editorship of "Avanti" newspaper, based in Milan
October 1(?), 1913 - Milan - Letter to Cesare Berti: "Here I work like a dog. I live in solitude. They attack me from all sides; priests, syndicalists and the rest"
June 8, 1914 - Milan - Writes in Avanti Newspaper: "In cities and in fields the answer to the provocation will raise spontaneous. We do not go through the events, neither we feel authorized to track the course, but we have the duty to second and flank them.[..] And we hope that with their action the Italian workers will be able to say that it is the time to make it end"
June 26, 1914 - Ancona - XIV Congress of PSI (Italian Socialist Party) - until June 28th
August 3, 1914 - While in Milan - Italy opts for neutrality in World War One
October 18, 1914 - Milan - Article in "Avanti Newspaper": "From absolute neutrality to an active and working neutrality"
October 19, 1914 - Bologna - The executive of the socialist party meets in Bologna. After a heated debate, Mussolini resigns as editor of "Avanti!"
November 10, 1914 - Bologna - In an interview for the bolognese paper "Resto del Carlino", Mussolini announces he was launching a paper in support of francophiles and left-leaning interventionists, titled "Il Popolo d'Italia" (The people of Italy)
November 24, 1914 - Milan(?) - Mussolini is expelled from the Socialist Party
December 5, 1914 - Milan(?) - Denounces orthodox socialism for failing to recognize that the war had made national identity and loyalty more significant than class distinction
April 11, 1915 - Rome, Italy - Mussolini is arrested in Rome after a meeting where he had demanded Italy's intervention in World War I by the side of France
May 24, 1915 - While in Milan - Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary
September 2, 1915 - Milan - Called to report for duty with his old unit, the Bersaglieri
October 18, 1915 - Soča river, northwest Slovenia - The Third Battle of Isonzo of begins
November 4, 1915 - Soča river - End of the Third Battle of Isonzo - The Italian offensive fails
December 17, 1915 - Treviglio - Marries Rachele Guidi
January 11, 1916 - Treviglio(?) - He legally recognizes a son he had in 1915 with Ida Dalser, named Benito Albino
September 27, 1916 - Milan, Italy - First son with Rachele, Vittorio, is born
February 22, 1917 - Soča river, northwest Slovenia - Mussolini is accidentally wounded by the explosion of a mortar bomb in his trench during a training exercise. Four of his fellow soldiers are killed
April 1(?), 1917 - Milan, Italy - In hospital (until August). Meets King Victor Emmanuel III in hospital
August 1(?), 1917 - Milan - Discharged from Hospital. He resumes his editor-in-chief position at his new paper "il popolo d'Italia"
April 22, 1918 - Milan - Second son with Rachele, Bruno, is born
November 4, 1918 - While in Milan - The Austrian army surrenders in WW1
November 23, 1918 - Pavia, Italy - Speech in Pavia
December 29, 1918 - Livorno, Italy - Speech in Livorno
March 23, 1919 - Milan - Mussolini re-forms the Milan "fascio" as the "Fasci Italiani di Combattimento" (Italian Combat Squad), consisting of 200 members, becoming the "Duce" of Fascism
June 6, 1919 - Milan - The platform of Fasci Italiani di Combattimento is published in "Il Popolo d'Italia"
October 7, 1919 - Fiume (Rijeka, Croatia) - Visit to Fiume
October 9, 1919 - Florence, Italy - Two-day meeting in Florence
February 5, 1920 - Milan - Speech in Milan
July 1(?), 1920 - Arcore, near Monza - Starts taking flying lessons at an airfield at Arcore, near Monza
September 7, 1920 - Cremona, Italy - Speech in Cremona
September 20, 1920 - Trieste, Italy - Speech in Trieste
September 21, 1920 - Pola (Pula, Croatia) - Speech: "When dealing with such a race as Slavic—inferior and barbarian—we must not pursue the carrot, but the stick policy ...We should not be afraid of new victims ...The Italian border should run across the Brenner Pass, Monte Nevoso and the Dinaric Alps ...I would say we can easily sacrifice 500,000 barbaric Slavs for 50,000 Italians ..."
October 15, 1920 - Milan - Speech in Milan
January 23, 1921 - Milan - Speech in Milan
February 6, 1921 - Trieste - Speech in Trieste
April 3, 1921 - Bologna - Speech in Bologna
April 4, 1921 - Ferrara - Speech in Ferrara
April 21, 1921 - Fiume (Rijeka, Croatia) - Speech in Fiume
May 15, 1921 - Rome, Italy - Mussolini is elected for the first time in the General election
August 2, 1921 - Rome - Pact of Pacification between Mussolini and his "Fasci Italiani di Combattimento", and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the General Confederation of Labor (CGL)
August 18, 1921 - Rome - In "Il Popolo d'Italia" Mussolini announces his resignation from the executive board of the Fascists because of the resistance to the pacification pact
August 26, 1921 - Rome - The Fascist National Council rejects Mussolini's resignation from the executive board. With regard to the pacification pact, the council does not impose a precise line and leaves the issue to be resolved autonomously by individual squads
November 7, 1921 - Rome - Third Fascist Congress (until November 10th)
November 9, 1921 - Rome - The PNF - Partito Nazionale Fascista (National Fascist Party) is formed. The "Fasci Italiani di Combattimento" is transformed into a more coherent political group
November 14, 1921 - Milan - Speech in Milan
July 19, 1922 - Rome - Prime Minister Luigi Facta steps down. Mussolini threatens with Fascist insurrection
August 1, 1922 - Rome - Prime Minister Facta forms a new government
September 20, 1922 - Udine, Italy - Speech in Udine
October 6, 1922 - Milan - At a meeting in Milan, Mussolini declares "In Italy there exists two governments - a fictitious one, run by Facta, and a real one, run by the Fascists. The first of these must give way to the second." He and demands new general elections. Rumours abound about a Fascist takeover of Rome
October 24, 1922 - Naples, Italy - Fascist Congress in Naples. Mussolini declares before 60,000 people that "Our program is simple: we want to rule Italy"
March on Rome, 1922
October 28, 1922 - Rome - 30,000 fascists march on Rome, demanding the resignation ofprime-minister Luigi Facta
October 29, 1922 - Rome - Mussolini is asked to form Cabinet, while 25,000 of his blackshirts march in Rome
October 31, 1922 - Rome - Mussolini becomes Prime-minister, aged 39
November 17, 1922 - Rome - With 306 votes in favour, 216 against and 7 abstentions, the Italian Chamber of Deputies confides confidence in the Mussolini government
November 21, 1922 - Lausanne, Switzerland - Speech in Lausanne
December 5, 1922 - Milan - Speech in Milan
December 11, 1922 - London, England - Speech in London
December 18, 1922 - While in Rome - Turin Massacre (until December 20th). Fascists blackshirts attack members of the local socialist and communist movement in Turin, to break the resistance of the labour movement and working class. Eleven people are killed and ten are seriously wounded
March 29, 1923 - Milan - Speech in Milan
April 21, 1923 - Rome - Speech in Rome
June 1, 1923 - Padua - Speech in Padua
June 4, 1923 - Venice - Speech in Venice
June 12, 1923 - Cagliari - Speech in Cagliari
June 17, 1923 - Piacenza - Speech in Piacenza
June 18,  1923 - Cremona - Speech in Cremona
June 22, 1923 - Messina, Sicily - Speech in Messina
June 23, 1923 - Salerno - Speech in Salerno
August 21, 1923 - Pescara - Speech in Pescara
August 31, 1923 - While in Rome - A squadron of the Italian Navy bombards the Greek island of Corfu and lands 5,000 to 10,000 troops
September 27, 1923 - While in Rome - Italians evacuate Corfu
October 28, 1923 - Milan - Speech in Milan
October 30, 1923 - Perugia - Speech in Perugia
April 6, 1924 - Rome - The Fascist Party wins the 1924 Italian General election
May 11, 1924 - Catania - Speech in Catania
May 30, 1924 - Rome - Socialist politician Giacomo Matteotti openly speaks in the Italian Parliament alleging the Fascists committed fraud in the recently held elections, and denounces the violence they used to gain votes
June 10, 1924 - While in Rome - Giacomo Matteotti is assassinated at Riano, north of Rome, aged 39
September 23, 1924 - Vicenza - Speech in Vicenza
October 23, 1925 - Parma - Speech in Parma
October 24, 1925 - Mantua - Speech in Mantua
October 28, 1925 - Milan - Speech in Milan
November 4, 1925 - Rome - Italian socialist deputy and expert marksman Tito Zaniboni takes a hotel room opposite the Palazzo Chigi with the intent of shooting Mussolini with a telescopic rifle when he came out to the balcony to make a speech. The Police is tipped off by an intercepted phone call and stops the would-be assassin
November 7, 1925 - Rome - Several Italian opposition leaders are arrested in connection with the assassination attempt on Mussolini
April 7, 1926 - Rome - Mussolini survives an attempt on his life by an insane Irishwoman named Violet Gibson, who shoots at the italian leader. Mussolini is slightly wounded in the nose but continues his parade on the Capitoline Hill. Gibson is almost lynched on the spot by an angry mob, but the police takes her away for interrogation
April 11, 1926 - Tripoli, Libya - Arrives in Libya by boat
May 24, 1926 - Genoa - Speech in Genoa
June 30, 1926 - Rome - Speech in Rome
August 18, 1926 - Pesaro - Speech in Pesaro
September 11, 1926 - Rome - Gino Lucetti, an anarchist and anti-fascist, attempts to assassinate Mussolini by launching a bomb against his car. Eight people are injured but Mussolini escapes unharmed
October 5, 1926 - Perugia - Speech in Perugia
October 30, 1926 - Reggio Emilia - Speech in Regio Emilia
October 31, 1926 - Bologna - Anteo Zamboni, a 15-year-old anarchist, tries to assassinate Mussolini by shooting against his open car. The boy misses and is lynched in the street. The new established fascist regime closes all publications issued by the opposition
December 16, 1926 - Rome - Speech in Rome
September 26, 1927 - Forlì - Third son with Rachele, Romano, is born
April 12, 1928 - Milan - A bomb, directed against Mussolini, kills 18 people at the Milan Trade Fair
May 7, 1928 - Rome - Speech in Rome
August 2, 1928 - While in Rome - Italy and Ethiopia sign the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty
March 10, 1929 - Rome - Speech in Rome
May 26, 1929 - Rome - Speech in Rome
November 4, 1929 - Rome - Speech in Rome
April 24, 1930 - Rome - Attends the marriage of his daughter Edda with Galeazzo Ciano, attaché in Rio de Janeiro
May 17, 1930 - Florence - Speech in Florence
October 27, 1930 - Rome - Speech in Rome
January 12, 1931 - Rome - Michele Schirru, an anarchist militant, arrives in Rome with intention to kill Mussolini
February 3, 1931 - Rome - Schirru is arrested by a marshal at the Hotel Colonna in Rome
May 28, 1931 - Rome - Schirru is sentenced to death by the Fascist Special Court
October 25, 1931 - Naples - Speech in Naples
November 22, 1931 - Rome - Speech in Rome
December 12, 1931 - Rome - Mussolini meets the visiting Mahatma Gandhi
February 11, 1932 - The Vatican - Pope Pius XI receives Mussolini in Vatican for the third anniversary of the Lateran treaty; the visit sign the rapprochement of Church and fascism, after the contrasts about the Azione Cattolica
June 17, 1932 - Rome - The antifascists Angelo Sbardellotto and Domenico Bovone are shot in Rome, the first for having planned Mussolini's assassination, the second for some demonstration dynamite attacks
July 20, 1932 - Rome - The ministers Dino Grandi (Foreign Affairs) and Bruno Bottai (Corporations) resign and Mussolini takes on personally their tasks
October 25, 1932 - Milan - Speech in Milan
January 30, 1933 - While in Rome - Adolf Hitler, "Führer" of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP), accedes to the Chancellorship of Germany
March 18, 1933 - Ostia, near Rome - Meets british prime-minister Ramsey MacDonald
May 27, 1933 - Rome - Fascist party membership is declared a basic requirement for public office
September 8, 1933 - Ostia, near Rome - Meets 21-year-old Claretta Petacci, the girl who sent him a letter when she was 14
October 23, 1933 - Florence, Italy - Speech in Florence
January 1(?), 1934 - Terminillo resort, Apennines, E. of Rome - Photographed skiing at the new Terminillo resort, high in the Apennines to the East of Rome
June 1(?), 1934 - While in Rome - Claretta Petacci marries Riccardo Federici, Air Attaché to Tokyo
June 14, 1934 - Venice, Italy - Benito Mussolini meets Adolf Hitler for the first time, at the Venice Biennale (meetings on 14th and 15th)
September 6, 1934 - Bari, Italy - Speech in Bari
October 6, 1934 - Milan - Speech in Milan
December 3, 1934 - Rome - Speech in Rome
December 30, 1934 - Rome - Mussolini issues a directive on the Ethiopian question: "The problem of Italo-Abyssinian relations has moved in most recent times onto a new plane. From a problem of diplomacy it has become a problem of force; a "historic" problem which must be resolved by the only means which ever resolve such problems - the use of arms"
January 7, 1935 - While in Rome - Franco-Italian Agreement. It gives Italy a free hand in Africa in return for Italian co-operation in Europe
April 13, 1935 - Stresa, Piedmont - Conference with Laval, Simon and the french and british prime-ministers, Pierre Etienne Flandin and James Ramsey MacDonald at Villa Borromeo at Stresa
May 24, 1935 - Rome - Speech in Rome
July 6, 1935 - Eboli, Salerno - Speech in Eboli
August 31, 1935 - Trento, Südtirol, Italy - Visit to Trento
October 3, 1935 - While in Rome - An italian army of 200,000 men commanded by Marshal Emilio de Bono, cross the border from Eritrea to Ethiopia
October 27, 1935 - Rome - Mussolini authorizes the use of deadly gas in the Ethiopian War
December 28, 1935 - Rome - Orders to Badoglio: "To His Excellency Badoglio. Given the enemy system I have authorized Your Excellency the use even on a vast scale of any gas and flamethrowers"
March 31, 1936 - While in Rome - Battle of Maychew - Pietro Bagdolio's forces defeat Haile Selassie's last army in the north of Ethiopia
May 9, 1936 - Rome - Mussolini proclaims: 'Italy finally has its empire. ... It is a Fascist empire, an empire of peace, an empire of civilization and humanity"
August 27, 1936 - Potenza, Italy - Speech in Potenza
October 1(?), 1936 - Rome - Mussolini and Claretta Petacci begin a relationship
October 24, 1936 - Bologna - Speech in Bologna
November 1, 1936 - Milan - Speech in Milan, proclaiming the "entente" between Italy and Germany
March 14, 1937 - Tobruk, Libya - Mussolini arrives in Tobruk for a visit
March 18, 1937 - Tripoli, Libya - Speech in Tripoli for Italy's muslim subjects
August 19, 1937 - Palermo, Sicily - Speech in Palermo
Mussolini and Hitler, Berlin, 1937
(source: wikipedia)
September 25, 1937 - Munich, Germany - Hitler meets Mussolini in his Munich apartment
September 29, 1937 - Berlin, Germany - Hitler bids farewell to Mussolini at the Lehrter Bahnhof Strain station
October 19, 1937 - Rome - Mussolini attends a fashion show in Rome with Heinrich Himmler, Reinhard Heydrich and Kurt Daluege
October 28, 1937 - Rome - Speech in Rome
November 6, 1937 - Rome - Italy joins with Germany and Japan in the "Anti-Comintern pact"
March 30, 1938 - Rome - Italy's "Duce" Benito Mussolini is granted equal power over the Italian military to that of King Victor Emmanuel III, as First Marshal of the Empire
May 6, 1938 - Rome - Meeting with Adolf Hitler and Galeazzo Ciano at the Villa Borghese. Mussolini meets Himmler and Goebbels
Speech in Genoa, 1938
May 14, 1938 - Genoa, Italy - Speech in Genoa in Piazza della Vittoria
June 3, 1938 - Rome - From this day, those who did not join the Fascist Party could not work
July 4, 1938 - Aprilia, Lazio - Speech at Aprilia
September 18, 1938 - Trieste, Italy - Mussolini delivers a speech in Trieste, Italy, where he indicates that Italy is supporting Germany in the Sudeten crisis.
September 21, 1938 - Treviso, Italy - Speech in Treviso
September 24, 1938 - Padua, Italy - Speech in Padua
Spetember 25, 1938 - Vicenza, Italy - Speech in Vicenza
September 29, 1938 - Munich, Germany - Mussolini visits Munich for a conference with Adolf Hitler, British Prime-Minister Neville Chamberlain and French Premier Edouard Deladier
November 30, 1938 - Rome, Italy - Benito Mussolini and his Foreign Minister, Count Galeazzo Ciano, order "spontaneous" demonstrations in the Italian Chamber of Deputies, demanding that France cede Tunisia, Nice, Corsica and French Somaliland to Italy. This begins an acute crisis in Franco-Italian relations, that lasts until March 1939
February 4, 1939 - Rome - Addresses the Grand Council of the Fascist Party
March 26, 1939 - Rome - Speech in Rome
March 30, 1939 - Cosenza - Speech in Cosenza
March 31, 1939 - Reggio Calabria - Addresses the Grand Council of the Fascist Party: "Italy will not truly be an independent nation so long as she has Corsica, Bizerta, Malta as the bars of her Mediterranean prison and Gibraltar and Suez as the walls"
April 7, 1939 - While in Rome - Italian troops invade Albania
May 14, 1939 - Turin, Italy - Speech in Turin
May 20, 1939 - Cuneo, Italy - Speech in Cuneo
May 22, 1939 - While in Rome - Germany and Italy sign the "Pact of Steel" in Berlin
August 25, 1939 - Rome - Message for Hitler informing the german Führer that hei would not honor the Pact of Steel if Germany attacked Poland
March 18, 1940 - Brenner Pass (Italy-Austria border) - Meeting with Adolf Hitler
May 26, 1940 - Rome - Mussolini informs Marshals Pietro Badoglio, chief of the Supreme General Staff, and Italo Balbo that he intends to join the German war against Britain and France, so to be able to sit at the peace table "when the world is to be apportioned" following an Axis victory
May 29, 1940 - Rome - Mussolini convinces King Victor Emmanuel III to delegate his authority over the Armed Forces to him
June 5, 1940 - Rome - Message to Badoglio, "I only need a few thousand dead so that I can sit at the peace conference as a man who has fought"
Declaration of War speech
June 10, 1940 - Rome - From the balcony of the Palazzo Venezia in Rome, Mussolini announces the entry of Italy into World War II on the side of Germany
June 13, 1940 - Rome - Mussolini offers to send one Italian armoured division to serve on the German front in France in exchange for 50 Anti-Aircraft batteries. The offer is refused
June 18, 1940 - Munich, Germany - Mussolini and Count Ciano arrive in Munich for a meeting with Adolf Hitler. Mussolini is informed that Italian claims on Nice, Corsica and Tunisia were interfering with Germany's armistice negotiations
June 24, 1940 - While in Rome - The Franco-Italian Armistice is signed, ending the italian invasion of France
July 1, 1940 - Menton, SE France - Mussolini visits the battlefield of Menton
July 12, 1940 - While in Rome - While attacking a British petrol carrier off Crete, Italian aircraft based in the Dodecanese went on to bombard Greek warships in harbour at Kissamos
August 10, 1940 - Rome - Meeting with Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano
August 15, 1940 - While in Rome - Greek light cruiser "Elli" is sunk by the Italian submarine Delfino in Tinos harbour. The sinking was a result of orders by Mussolini and Navy chief Domenico Cavagnari allowing submarine attacks on neutral shipping
October 13, 1940 - Rome - Orders to Badoglio to start preparing an attack on Greece for October 26th
October 15, 1940 - Rome - Meeting at the Palazzo Venezia with Badoglio, Roatta, Visconti Prasca, Ciano and Jacomoni
October 18, 1940 - Rome - Letter to Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria inviting him to take part in the coming action against Greece, which he refuses, citing his country's unreadiness and its encirclement by hostile neighbours
October 28, 1940 - Rome - Mussolini issues an ultimatum to Greece demanding the cession of Greek Territory, which the Prime-Minister of Greece, Ioannis Metaxas, rejects
November 11, 1940 - While in Rome - Battle of Taranto - The Royal Navy launches an aerial attack on the italian navy at anchor in the harbour of Taranto. Three italian battleships are disabled, one heavy cruiser and two destroyers are damaged
December 4, 1940 - Rome - Mussolini sacks Badoglio and replaces him with Ugo Cavallero as Chief of the General Staff
January 19, 1941 - Obersalzberg, Berchstesgaden, Bavaria, Germany - Meeting with Adolf Hitler
January 22, 1941 - While in Rome - The Allies take Tobruk in Libya
February 9, 1941 - While in Rome - Italy looses Cyrenaica (eastern Libya)
February 23, 1941 - Rome - Speech in Rome
March 2, 1941 - Albania - Unannounced visit to the greek front
June 22, 1941 - Riccione, Rimini, NE Italy - Mussolini is awoken at his holiday villa at Riccione to be informed of the beginning of "Operation Barbarossa"
July 29, 1941 - Mantua, Italy - Speech in Mantua
August 27, 1941 - Krosno Airbase, SE Poland - Mussolini pilots Hitler's Fw200 Condor aeroplane during a visit to the eastern front in Ukraine
December 11, 1941 - Rome - Mussolini declares WAR on the United States
March 28, 1942 - Rome - Speech in Rome
April 28, 1942 - Schloss Klessheim (4km W. of Salzburg, Austria) - Meeting with Adolf Hitler at Schloss Klessheim, near Salzburg
June 21, 1942 - While in Rome - Tobruk is recaptured by german and italian forces
June 26, 1942 - Tobruk, Libya - Mussolini flies to Tobruk piloting his own plane to show off his virility
July 20, 1942 - Rome, Italy - Returns to Rome, via Athens
October 1, 1942 - Rome - Speech in Rome
October 11, 1942 - Rome - Mussolini receives Heinrich Himmler
December 3, 1942 - Rome - Speech to the new directorate of the Fascist Party, about Italy's critical situation
January 23, 1943 - While in Rome(?) - Fall of Tripoli, Libya, to the British army
April 7, 1943 - Schloss Klessheim (4km W. of Salzburg, Austria) - Visit to Schloss Klessheim (until April 10th) - Meetings with Adolf Hitler
May 5, 1943 - Rome, Italy - Speech from the balcony of the Palazzo Venezia on the anniversary of his announcement of victory over Ethiopia
May 13, 1943 - Rome - Telegram to Adolf Hitler
July 22, 1943 - Rome - Reports to King, who tells him he should resign
July 25, 1943 - Rome - Following a request from Dino Grandi due to the failure of the war, the Grand Council of Fascism (Ciano and other 18 members) overthrows Mussolini by asking the King to resume his full authority in officially removing Mussolini as prime minister, which he did. The "Duce" is imprisoned and Marshal Pietro Badoglio replaces him
July 27, 1943 - Gaeta - Military police takes Mussolini to Gaeta, where he boards the ship "Persefone"
July 28, 1943 - Island of Ponza, Tyrrhenian Sea - The "Persefone" arrives on the island of Ponza in the Tyrrhenian Sea
August 7, 1943 - La Maddalena Island, Northern Sardinia - Mussolini is transfered to a private villa on La Maddalena island
August 27, 1943 - Gran Sasso d'Italia Mountain range - Mussolini is taken to Hotel Campo Imperatore, on a remote and defendable mountain plateau 2,112 metres above sea level in the Gran Sasso d'Italia mountain range
September 3, 1943 - While at Gran Sasso d'Italia - Badoglio's government signs the Armistice of Cassibile, between Italy and the Allies, resulting in the betrayal of Germany by their italian allies
September 7, 1943 - While at Gran Sasso d'Italia - German intelligence discover that Mussolini was imprisoned somewhere in the Abruzzi Mountains
September 9, 1943 - While at Gran Sasso d'Italia - King Victor Emmanuel III, Badoglio and his government abandon Rome and board a ship near Pescara which takes them to Brindisi, still held by the italian army
September 12, 1943 - Gran Sasso d'Italia Mountain range - Mussolini is rescued from
SS Colonel Otto Skorzeny (left) and Mussolini
captivity in the Gran Sasso raid by german commandos and paratroopers led by Otto Skorzeny
September 13, 1943 - Vienna, Austria - Mussolini flies with Skorzeny back to Pratica di Mare and then to Vienna, where he spends the night
September 14, 1943 - Wolfsschanze, near Rastenburg, East Prussia - Mussolini meets Adolf Hitler at Führer Headquarters, in Wolf's Lair, near Rastenburg
September 23, 1943 - Salò, Brescia - Mussolini agrees to set up a new regime, the "Italian Social republic", also known as the "Salò Republic"
December 26, 1943 - Gargnano, Lake Garda, Lombardy - Edda visits his father for the last time before moving to Switzerland
January 11, 1944 - While in Gargnano(?) - Galeazzo Ciano is executed by firing squad outside Verona
January 20(?), 1944 - Salò - Conversation with Erwin Rommel at Salò
March 28, 1944 - Cremona, Italy - Speech in Cremona
April 22, 1944 - Schloss Klessheim (4km W. of Salzburg, Austria) - Mussolini arrives at Schloss Klessheim for another meeting with Adolf Hitler
April 24, 1944 - Grafenwöhr, Germany - Speech in Grafenwöhr to the San Marco Division
June 4, 1944 - While in Grafenwöhr(?) - Rome falls to the Allies
July 18, 1944 - Grafenwöhr | Heidelberg, Germany - Speeches in Grafenwöhr and Heidelberg for the San Marco and Littorio Divisions
July 20, 1944 - Wolfsschanze, near Rastenburg, East Prussia - Mussolini arrives late at the Wolfsschanze and finds Hitler wrapped in a blanket, shortly after the attempt on his life. He inspects the bomb-damaged conference hut at the Wolfsschanze with the Führer
July 22, 1944 - Wolfsschanze, near Rastenburg, East Prussia - Meeting with Adolf Hitler at the Wolfsschanze just after the failed attempt on his life, with the presence of Martin Bormann, Karl Dönitz and Hermann Göring
October 14, 1944 - Gargnano, Lake Garda, Lombardy - Speech in Gargnano
October 28, 1944 - Gargnano - Speech in Gargnano
December 16, 1944 - Milan, Italy - Speech at the Teatro Lirico of Milan
December 18, 1944 - Milan - Mussolini inspects a parade of the various armed forces of the RSI
February 20, 1945 - Gargnano, Lake Garda, Lombardy - Speech in Gargnano
March 6, 1945 - Brescia - Speech in Brescia
March 23, 1945 - Bogliaco, Gargnano - Speech in Bogliaco
April 18, 1945 - Gargnano, Lake Garda, Lombardy - Departs for Milan to negotiate an armistice with the Allies and the partisans. Sends a last letter to Adolf Hitler with a birthday note
April 22, 1945 - Milan - Speech to the fascists of Milan. Another speech, his last, on the 23th
The dead bodies of Mussolini, Clara Petacci
and others. Milan, April 28, 1945
April 25, 1945 - Milan | Gargnano, Lake Garda, Lombardy - Mussolini leaves Milan for Gargnano. He and Clara Petacci set out for Switzerland, intending to board a plane and escape to Spain
April 27, 1945 - Near Dongo, Lake Como - Mussolini and Clara Petacci are captured by communist partisans while traveling with a convoy of Italian Social republic members
April 28, 1945 - Giulino di Mezzegra, near Lake Como, Kingdom of Italy - Benito Mussolini, aged 61, and Clara Petacci, are taken to Giulino di Mezzegra and executed by firing squad =(END)