Wednesday 17 February 2021

De Zeven Provinciën (1665) | Timeline

De Zeven Provinciën
("The seven provinces") was a Dutch ship of the line, originally armed with 80 guns. The name of the ship refers to the seven autonomous provinces that made up the Dutch Republic in the 17th century. The vessel was built in 1664-65 for the Admiralty of de Maze in Rotterdam by the master shipbuilder Salomon Jansz van den Tempel. (Intro from Wikipedia)

December 1(?), 1664 - Admiralty Shipyard, Haringvliet, Rotterdam - The keel of the "De Zeven Provinciën" is laid down by Master Shipwright Salomon van den Tempel
August 1(?), 1665 - Admiralty Shipyard, Haringvliet - The "De Zeven Provinciën" is completed. Vice-Admiral Aert van Nes is appointed commander of the ship =(START)
October(?) 1(?), 1665 - Mouth of River Thames - Attempt to blockade River Thames
November 3, 1665 - Hellevoetsluis - Returns to Hellevoetsluis
April 10, 1666 - Hellevoetsluis - Admiral Michiel de Ruyter boards the ship for the first time as its commander
May 6, 1666 - Hellevoetsluis - De Ruyter transfers his flag to the newly commissioned "De Zeven Provinciën"
June 10, 1666 - Off Dunkirk - De Ruyter anchors off Dunkirk
June 11, 1666 - ENE of North Foreland, England - The Four Day's Battle begins. On board the "De Zeven Provinciën", french naval commander Abraham Duquesne experiences the battle as an observer
June 12, 1666 - ENE of North Foreland - The De Zeven Proviciën looses its main topmast in the fight. De Ruyter withraws to supervise repairs to the ship, delegating temporary command to Lieutenant-Admiral Aert van Nes
June 14, 1666 - ENE of North Foreland - The Four Day's Battle is over. The dutch are victorious
July 1, 1666 - near Boulogne - De Ruyter anchors his fleet near Boulogne
August 1, 1666 - Off Thames River estuary - De Ruyter observes the english fleet leaving port, earlier than expected
August 3, 1666 - Flemish Coast - After a storm drives the dutch fleet to the flemish coast, De Ruyter sails again to blockade Thames River
July 8, 1666 - Dunkirk - De Ruyter withraws to Dunkirk
August 4, 1666 - near North Foreland, England - St. James's Day Battle - English victory
October 14, 1666 - River Maas - Back at the River Maas
May 17, 1667 - Texel - De Ruyter sails to Texel to join with the squadrons of Amsterdam and Frisia
June 4, 1667 - Schooneveld, Mouth of Scheldt River - De Ruyter departs for the River Thames with 62 ships, organized in 3 squadrons
June 9, 1667 - Off Sheerness - The dutch fleet are sighted off Sheerness. Another Squadron sails to the Thames
June 10, 1667 - Isle of Sheppey - The dutch fleet arrives at the Isle of Sheppey and launches an attack on the incomplete Garrison Point Fort
June 11, 1667 - River Medway - The dutch fleet sails up the River Medway. The english sink some ships to try to stop their progress
June 12, 1667 - River Medway - One of the four biggest english ships, the "Royal Charles" is captured. Two others are burned
June 13, 1667 - River Medway - The dutch decide to return to the Netherlands, taking the "Royal Charles" in tow with them
June 14, 1667 - Off Sheerness - The Dutch sail out of River Medway, living about 30 english ships sunk, burned or captured
June 16(?), 1667 - Schooneveld, Mouth of Scheldt River - Prince Willem visits the ship after the battle
August 24, 1667 - Mount's Bay, Cornwall - Anchored off Mount's bay while the Treaty of BREDA is signed
October 15, 1667 - Hellevoetsluis, Netherlands - De Ruyter returns to Hellevoetsluis
August 24, 1671 - Den Briel, Netherlands - The english royal yacht "Merlin", carrying the wife of the english ambassador Sir William Temple back to London, sails through the dutch fleet at anchor off Den Briel intent creating an incident to ignite the war for King Charles II. The "De Zeven Provinciën" salutes the royal yacht by firing white smoke, but the "Merlin" halts shooting in anger, demanding that the dutch strike their flag, which doesn't happen
January(?) 1(?), 1672 - Admiralty Shipyard, Haringvliet, Rotterdam(?) - Refitted as a 72-gun ship
June 7, 1672 - Solebay, England - Battle of Solebay - Strategic Dutch Victory. The "De Zeven Provinciën" cripples the "Prince" in a 2-hour duel
May 11, 1673 - Hellevoetsluis(?) - Sails out
May 15, 1673 - Schooneveld, Mouth of Scheldt River - De Ruyter retreats to the Schooneveld when the english fleet prevents his plan to block Medway River
June 7, 1673 - North Sea - First Battle of Schooneveld
June 14, 1673 - North Sea - Second Battle of Schooneveld - Dutch Victory
August 21, 1673 - Off Kijkduin, North Sea - Battle of Texel - Strategic Dutch Victory
May 24, 1674 - Wielingen - The Dutch fleet sails from Wielingen
May 27, 1674 - Off Dover - De Ruyter arrives off Dover and salutes the fortress. Some english officers come aboard
June 8, 1674 - Hellevoetsluis(?) - Departs for Martinique with a fleet of 40 ships (18 ships-of-the-line, 20 fluyts and six fireships), 3,400 sailors and 4,000 soldiers
June 21, 1674 - Off Madeira Island - Madeira Island is sighted
June 24, 1674 - Tenerife, Canary Islands - Stop at Tenerife
September 19, 1674 - Anses d'Arlet, Martinique - The dutch fleet arrives off Martinique
July 20, 1674 - Fort-Royal, Martinique - De Ruyter sails to the bay of Fort-Royal and fires at the harbour fort. The dutch land their troops but are repelled by a combination of crossfire from the fort, entrenched french soldiers and an anchored french warship. The dutch casualties total 143 killed and 318 wounded, against only 15 french
July 21, 1674 - Dominica - De Ruyter sails north to Dominica to recuperate
July 26, 1674 - Off Guadeloupe - De Ruyter sails past Guadeloupe on his way to Nevis
July 28, 1674 - Nevis - Visit to the english at Nevis. Some prisoners are exchanged for meat and fruits
August 24, 1674 - Latitude of Lisbon, Portugal - After almost a month of calms, De Ruyter sails into a violent storm
September 30, 1674 - Goeree Island, Netherlands - Back in Holland
August(?) 1(?), 1675 - Hellevoetsluis, Netherlands - De Ruyter switches to another flagship, the "Eendraght" because the "De Zeven Provinciën" was in bad shape and needing maintenance and repair, and therefore not suited to the planned expedition to the Mediterranean Sea in 1676
January(?) 1(?), 1678 - Becomes the flagship of Rear Admiral Jan van Brakel
February 1(?), 1678 - Hellevoetsluis(?) - Sails for Spain in Cornelis Evertsen de Younger's fleet
March 17, 1678 - Off Ouessant - Evertsen's fleet of 25 ships is attacked by Châteaurenault off Ouessant
March 24(?), 1678 - Off Cape St.Vincent, Portugal - Jan Van Brakel attacks an algerian privateer off Cape St.Vincent
March 26, 1678 - Cadiz, Spain - The squadron arrives at Cadiz
March 27, 1678 - Cadiz - Letter from Van Brakel to the Admiralty of the Maze from the "De Zeven Provinciën", anchored at Cadiz
May 30(?), 1678 - Cadiz - Evertsen sails for Barcelona carrying spanish soldiers to the front
June(?) 10(?), 1678 - Barcelona, Spain - Evertsen reaches Barcelona
July(?) 1(?), 1678 - Barcelona - After more than 3 weeks at Barcelona, Evertsen sets sail to Alicante
July(?) 5(?), 1678 - Alicante, Spain - Arrives at Alicante
July(?) 15(?), 1678 - Málaga, Spain - Sails to Málaga
August(?) 1(?), 1678 - Cadiz, Spain - Returns to Cadiz on his way back to the Netherlands 
September 30(?), 1678 - Texel - Arrives at Texel from Spain in the end of September
July 10, 1690 - Off Beachy Head, near Eastbourne English Channel - Battle of Beachy Head - French Victory
April 21, 1691 - Hellevoetsluis, Netherlands(?) - Rear Admiral Johan Snellen is appointed commander of the ship
June 18, 1691 - The Downs - The Anglo-Dutch fleet is anchored at the Downs
August 24, 1691 - Torbay, England - Rear Admiral Johan Snellen dies in his sleep while the ship is off the port of Torbay
September 7, 1691 - Torbay - The anglo-dutch fleet sets sail to the Scilly Islands area
September 9, 1691 - Plymouth - The fleet passes Plymouth sailing to the west
September 10, 1691 - Off Ouessant/Ushant - The fleet comes in sight of Ouessant/Ushant
September 11, 1691 - 50km WSW of Cape Lizard - The fleet sails to a patrol point WSW of Cape Lizard
September 12, 1691 - 50km WSW of Cape Lizard - The fleet runs into a violent storm
September 13, 1691 - Torbay, England - The Anglo-Dutch fleet returns to Torbay
May 7, 1692 - Hellevoetsluis(?) - Sails for Ray Bay, England, to join the english fleet
May 19, 1692 - Off Cap Barfleur, Cotentin Peninsula - Both fleets sight each other
May 29, 1692 - Off Contentin Peninsula, France - Battle of Barfleur - Inconclusive
June 4, 1692 - Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, France - Battle of La Hogue - Anglo-Dutch victory. The "De Zeven Proviciën" is badly damaged
June 6(?), 1692 - Portsmouth, England - After limited repairs, sails to Portsmouth to repair leaking and to get new rigging, masts and yard's
June 23, 1692 - English Channel - Departs from Portsmouth
October 7, 1692 - English Channel - Rejoins the dutch fleet
November 1(?), 1692 - Hellevoetsluis, Netherlands - Sails for Rotterdam
November 2(?), 1692 - Rotterdam, Netherlands - Laid up at Rotterdam
January(?) 1(?), 1694 - Rotterdam - Sold to be broken up =(END)

Svärdet (1662) | Timeline

Svärdet
(Sword) was a Swedish warship and flagship built under the supervision of shipwright Jacob de Voss. It was launched in 1662 at Skeppsholmen, Stockholm, and was armed with 86 guns in two decks. The ship's complement was 400 sailors and 220 soldiers. The Svärdet was destroyed by the dutch navy in the Battle of Öland (1676), exploding similarly to the Kronan, which was lost on the same battle, shortly before.

January(?) 1(?), 1660 - Skeppsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden - The keel of the Svärdet is laid down by Master shipwright Jacob de Voss
January(?) 1(?), 1662 - Skeppsholmen - The Svärdet is launched =(START)
January(?) 1(?), 1663 - Skeppsholmen - The ship is Commissioned
October 1(?), 1675 - Dalarö, SE of Stockholm - Departs from the Dalarö anchorage in a fleet of 28 ships, that included the ships-of-the-line "Kronan", the "Äpplet" and the "Nyckeln", under the command of Gustaf Otto Stenbock
November(?) 1(?), 1675 - Stora Karlsö, off Gotland - The fleet turns back at Stora Karlsö due to the weather being stormy and unusually cold, with many sailors falling ill
December(?) 1(?), 1675 - Dalarö - Returns to the Dalarö anchorage
January 23, 1676 - Dalarö - The fleet is blocked by ice when it reaches Dalarö
February 14, 1676 - Älvsnabben, Muskö - The fleet reaches the anchorage of Älvsnabben, with the help of hundreds of local peasants, that open a narrow channel through the ice with saws and picks
April 29, 1676 - While at Älvsnabben, Muskö - Danish Admiral Niels Juel arrives at Gotland with 20 ships and lands troops on the island, which surrenders
May 4, 1676 - Älvsnabben - Admiral Lorentz Creutz receives orders to intercept Niels Juel at Gotland, but the winds are adverse
May 19, 1676 - Älvsnabben - The fleet finally leaves Älvsnabben
May 24, 1676 - between the islands of Bornholm and Rügen - Both fleets sight each other
May 25, 1676 - between the islands of Bornholm and Rügen - Battle of Bornholm - Strategic Danish-Dutch victory
May 27(?), 1676 - Trelleborg, Sweden - The swedish fleet anchors at Trelleborg, where king Charles XI was waiting with new orders to recapture the Island of Gotland
May 30, 1676 - Trelleborg - The swedish fleet departs to the island of Öland. A short while after, the danish fleet pursues the swedes
June 1, 1676 - East coast of Öland - After the Kronan explodes, the Svärdet is surrounded by allied ships, including Cornelis Tromp's and Niels Juel's flagships. When they are about to grapple and board the swedish ship, a dutch fireship sets her ablaze. The fire reaches the gunpowder stores and the ship also explodes, killing 600 men. Only 50 survive =(END)

Tuesday 16 February 2021

Kronan (1668) | Timeline

Kronan
, also called Stora Kronan, was a Swedish warship that served as the flagship of the Swedish Navy in the Baltic Sea in the 1670s. When built, she was one of the largest seagoing vessels in the world. The construction of Kronan lasted from 1668 to 1672 and was delayed by difficulties with financing and conflicts between the shipwright Francis Sheldon and the Swedish admiralty. After four years of service, the ship foundered in rough weather at the Battle of Öland on 1 June 1676: while making a sharp turn under too much sail she capsized, and the gunpowder magazine ignited and blew off most of the bow. Kronan sank quickly, taking about 800 men and more than 100 guns with her, along with valuable military equipment, weapons, personal items, and large quantities of silver and gold coins. (Intro from Wikipedia)

October 1(?), 1665 - Skeppsholmen, Stockholm, Sweden - The keel of the Kronan is laid down by Master Shipwright Francis Sheldon
July 31, 1668 - Skeppsholmen, Stockholm - The "Kronan" is launched =(START)
January(?) 1(?), 1669 - Skeppsholmen - Sculptures by Master Sculptor Jost Schütz are finished.
January(?) 1(?), 1672 - Skeppsholmen - After being rigged and armed with 124 guns, Kronan is Commissioned
December 18, 1672 - Skeppsholmen - The ship sails for the first time during the celebrations of King Charles XI's majority
October 1(?), 1675 - Dalarö, SE of Stockholm - Departs from the Dalarö anchorage in a fleet of 28 ships, that included the ships-of-the-line "Svärdet", the "Äpplet" and the "Nyckeln", under the command of Gustaf Otto Stenbock
November(?) 1(?), 1675 - Stora Karlsö, off Gotland - The fleet turns back at Stora Karlsö due to the weather being stormy and unusually cold, with many sailors falling ill
December(?) 1(?), 1675 - Dalarö - Returns to the Dalarö anchorage
January 23, 1676 - Dalarö - The fleet is blocked by ice when it reaches Dalarö
February 14, 1676 - Älvsnabben, Muskö - The fleet reaches the anchorage of Älvsnabben, with the help of hundreds of local peasants, that open a narrow channel through the ice with saws and picks
April 29, 1676 - While at Älvsnabben, Muskö - Danish Admiral Niels Juel arrives at Gotland with 20 ships and lands troops on the island, which surrenders
May 4, 1676 - Älvsnabben - Admiral Lorentz Creutz receives orders to intercept Niels Juel at Gotland, but the winds are adverse
May 19, 1676 - Älvsnabben - The fleet finally leaves Älvsnabben
May 24, 1676 - between the islands of Bornholm and Rügen - Both fleets sight each other
May 25, 1676 - between the islands of Bornholm and Rügen - Battle of Bornholm - Strategic Danish-Dutch victory
May 26, 1676 - between the islands of Bornholm and Rügen - During the battle, Kronan's heavy cannons destroy the beakhead of Philip van Almonde's flagship "Delft", which is forced to disengage
May 27(?), 1676 - Trelleborg, Sweden - The swedish fleet anchors at Trelleborg, where king Charles XI was waiting with new orders to recapture the Island of Gotland
May 30, 1676 - Trelleborg - The swedish fleet departs to the island of Öland. A short while after, the danish fleet pursues the swedes
June 1, 1676 - East coast of Öland, Sweden - Battle of Öland - Decisive Danish-Dutch victory. 
Battle of Öland - The Kronan explodes
In rough weather, as the swedish fleet sharply turns to attempt to engage the allied fleet before it sailed past the northern end of Öland, Kronan turns to port with too much sail and heels so far over that she begins to flood through the open gunports and capsizes. For unknown reasons, the gunpowder store ignites and Kronan explodes, killing 800 men
=(END)

Soleil-Royal (1669) | Timeline

Soleil-Royal
(Royal Sun) was a French 104-gun ship of the line, flagship of Admiral Tourville. She was built in Brest between 1668 and 1670 by engineer Laurent Hubac, was launched in 1669, and stayed unused in Brest harbour for years. She was recommissioned with 112 guns and 1200 men when the Nine Years' War broke out in 1688 as the flagship of the escadre du Ponant (squadron of the West). She was said to be a good sailing ship and her decorations were amongst the most beautiful and elaborate of all baroque flagships. The emblem of the "sun" had been chosen by Louis XIV as his personal symbol. (Intro from Wikipedia)

December 1(?), 1668 - Brest, France - The keel of the Soleil-Royal is laid down by Master Carpenter Laurent Hubac
December 13, 1669 - Brest - The Soleil-Royal is launched =(START)
August 1(?), 1670 - Brest - The ship is rigged and receives her armament of 104 guns
January 1(?), 1671 - Brest - Commissioned after the usual sea trials
June(?) 15(?), 1671 - Conquet, Brittany - Lieutenant-Général Abraham Duquesne departs on an Atlantic cruise with Royal Duc (104 guns), Le Tonnant (64 guns) and L'Oriflamme (50 guns)
July(?) 1(?), 1671 - Finisterre, Galicia, NW Spain - Duquesne reaches Finisterre and turns around to France
July 17, 1671 - Rochefort - The Royal visit to the port of Rochefort and to the Soleil-Royal is cancelled
August(?) 1(?), 1671 - Brest - Returns to homeport from her Atlantic cruise
June 7, 1672 - Brest - The ship stays at her homeport during the Battle of Solebay
January(?) 1(?), 1686 - Brest - Rebuilt at Brest from 1686 to 1688
September(?) 1(?), 1688 - Brest - Recommissioned with 112 guns and 1200 men when the Nine Years' War breaks out
June 21, 1690 - Brest - Châteaurenault's Toulon Squadron joins Tourville's fleet
June 23, 1690 - Brest - Departs Brest as flagship of Anne Hilarion de Tourville
June 26, 1690 - Camaret-sur-Mer, Brittany - Spends three days waiting for favourable winds
June 30, 1690 - The Lizard - Tourville reaches the Lizard
July 5, 1690 - Off Isle of Wight - The french fleet is sighted by the anglo-dutch reconnaissance ships
July 10, 1690 - Off Beachy Head, near Eastbourne English Channel - Battle of Beachy Head - French Victory
July 13, 1690 - Torbay | Teignmouth, England - Tourville anchors at Torbay and burns the coastal town of Teignmouth
July 18(?), 1690 - Le Havre, France - Tourville anchors off Le Havre to refit and land his sick
May 12, 1692 - Brest, France - Departs Brest in a 45-ship fleet
May 19, 1692 - Off Cap Barfleur, Cotentin Peninsula - Both fleets sight each other
May 29, 1692 - Off Contentin Peninsula, France - Battle of Barfleur - Anglo-Dutch victory. The "Soleil-Royal" (104 guns), the "Admirable" (90 guns) and the "Triomphant" (76 guns) are badly damaged
May 30, 1692 - Pointe du Hommet, Cherbourg, France - The three french warships seek safe haven at Cherbourg but are beached outside the town, as there was no suitable harbour for them
June 1, 1692 - Pointe du Hommet - Admiral Delaval attacks the three beached ships with 17 ships, transfering from the "Royal Sovereign" to the smaller "St.Albans" (50 guns). The artillery of the "Soleil-Royal" repels the attack
June 2, 1692 - Pointe du Hommet - Admiral Delaval attacks two more times with fireships. One of them, the "Blaze" hits the "Soleil-Royal", setting her stern on fire. The population of Cherbourg comes to the rescue, but the fire quickly reaches the powder rooms and the ship explodes, leaving only one survivor in a crew of 883 =(END)

Saturday 13 February 2021

Sovereign of the Seas (1637) | Timeline

Sovereign of the Seas
was a 17th-century warship of the English Navy. She was ordered as a 90-gun first-rate ship of the line of the English Royal Navy, but at launch was armed with 102 bronze guns at the insistence of the king. It was later renamed HMS Sovereign, and then HMS Royal Sovereign at the Restoration of Charles II. The elaborately gilded stern ordered by Charles I of England meant enemy ships knew it as the "Golden Devil". (Intro from Wikipedia)

June 24, 1634 - Woolwich, England - King Charles I visits Woolwich and asks Phineas Pett to commence planning a new First Rate Ship. Phineas entrusts the leading role to his son Peter Pett
October 29, 1634 - Woolwich - Phineas and Peter offer the model ship on wheels to Prince Charles, and the ship that would become the "Sovereign of the Seas" is ordered
April 7, 1635 - Woolwich - The keel of the "Sovereign of the Seas" is laid at Woolwich Dockyard. Peter Pett starts the building the ship, supervised by his father, Phineas Pett
September 25, 1637 - Woolwich - The launching of the "Sovereign of the Seas" fails before the King and his entourage, when the ship jams on the ways
October 13, 1637 - Woolwich - Launching of the "Sovereign of the Seas" during the night, using bonfires =(START)
May 1(?), 1638 - Erith, SE of London - The ship is moved to Erith to be masted and rigged
June 1(?), 1638 - Greenhithe, Kent - The ship is sailed to Greenhithe to be armed and provisioned
June 6, 1638 - Greenhithe - Charles I visits the "Sovereign of the Seas" and dines aboard with the queen and members of the Court
July 12, 1638 - Greenhithe - Sea trials begin
July 21, 1638 - Off Gravesend - Charles I visits the "Sovereign of the Seas" and is delighted by the ship
August 18, 1638 - The Downs - The "Sovereign of the Seas" arrives off the Downs after Sea trials
July(?) 1(?), 1639 - Greenhithe, Kent(?) - King Charles I insists that the complement of the "Sovereign of the Seas" be increased to 100. Another 12 guns are added to bring the total to 102
January(?) 1(?), 1642 - Greenhithe(?) - Her armament is reduced to 90 guns. Remains laid up during the Civil War
January(?) 1(?), 1650 - Chatham Dockyard - Renamed "Sovereign" in the time of the Commonwealth of England =(changename)
October 11, 1651 - Chatham Dockyard - Letter from Chatham Dockyard to the Navy Office: "...as to the Soveraigne wee conceive that to make her more serviceable then now she is, the gratings and upper deck in the midshipps be taken downe and the side lowered to the upper edge of the ports in the midshipps, the upper State Room to be taken away, the forecastle to be lowered to six foote high, and the works abaft to bee taken down proportionately to the waist and answerable to the sheere of the work fore and after, the halfe decke to be shortened as shall bee convenient, as alsoe the head to be made shorter and so fitted for the sea. And the galleryes to bee altered as may be comely and most convenient for service"
October 22, 1651 - Chatham Dockyard - It is decided that the ship is crank (top-heavy), and the Navy office reports that they had "seriously debated the manner and way to make the shipp Sovereign a fitter ship for service then she now is, and upon the result doe unanimously concurr that if the alterations bee made in her according to the certificate mentioned on the other side, she will be farr more serviceable both for remote and home employment by reason she will bee lesse draught of water by neare a foote then than now, and thereby carry her lower tyer of gunns neere a foote higher and without any diminution of her strenght or force, or inconvenience in point of state"
December(?) 1(?), 1651 - Chatham Dockyard - Refitted - she was again made more manoeuvrable by reducing upperworks after which she was described as "a delicate frigate (I think the whole world hath not her like)" - Armed with 106 guns
September(?) 1(?), 1652 - Chatham - Becomes the flagship of General-at-Sea Robert Blake
September 28, 1652 - Off Kentish Knock (E of Thames Estuary), England - Battle of Kentish Knock - English victory
October 21, 1652 - While at Chatham - The States General of the Netherlands in a secret session determined the reward money for the crews of fireships that succeeded in destroying an enemy vessel, with an extra prize of 3000 guilders "in case they should ruin the ship named the Sovereign"
July 11, 1659 - Chatham Dockyard - Captain John Taylor, the master shipwright at Chatham Dockyard, supervises the rebuild of the "Sovereign"
May 23, 1660 - Chatham Dockyard - After the English Restoration she is renamed "Royal Sovereign" =(changename)
August 26, 1660 - Chatham Dockyard - Relaunched as a first-rate ship of the line with flatter gundecks. Her armament is changed to 100 guns and most of the carvings are removed
June 13, 1665 - Chatham Dockyard - Misses the Battle of Lowestoft
September 1(?), 1665 - Chatham - Recommissioned
June 1, 1666 - Chatham - The Four Days' Battle begins
June 4, 1666 - ENE of North Foreland, England - Sails from the Thames but too late to join the Four Day's Battle
July 25, 1666 - near North Foreland, England - St. James's Day Battle - English victory
June 19, 1667 - Portsmouth - At Portsmouth while the dutch attack the english fleet on the River Medway
January 19, 1672 - Portsmouth(?) - Recommissioned
June 7, 1672 - Solebay, England - Battle of Solebay - Strategic Dutch Victory
June 7, 1673 - Off the coast of Netherlands - First Battle of Schooneveld
June 14, 1673 - Off the coast of Netherlands - Second Battle of Schooneveld - Dutch victory
June 15, 1673 - River Thames - The damaged english fleet sails into the Thames
August 11, 1673 - Off Kijkduin, North Sea - Battle of Texel - Strategic Dutch Victory
March 5, 1674 - Chatham Dockyard - Laid up at Chatham Dockyards following the end of the war
August 1(?), 1675 - Chatham Dockyard - Due to her poor state of repair, it is decided to rebuild the "Royal Sovereign" again
January(?) 1(?), 1679 - Chatham Dockyard - Broken up to rebuilt
January(?) 1(?), 1685 - Chatham Dockyard - Rebuilt at Chatham Dockyard
July 10, 1690 - Off Beachy Head, English Channel, England - Battle of Beachy Head/Bévéziers - French victory
September 21, 1690 - Cork, Ireland - The Earl of Marlborough reaches Cork with 5,000 men and blockades the port of Cork with his fleet
June 18, 1691 - The Downs - The Anglo-Dutch fleet is anchored at the Downs
September 7, 1691 - Torbay - The anglo-dutch fleet sets sail to the Scilly Islands area
September 9, 1691 - Plymouth - The fleet passes Plymouth sailing to the west
September 10, 1691 - Off Ouessant/Ushant - The fleet comes in sight of Ouessant/Ushant
September 11, 1691 - 50km WSW of Cape Lizard - The fleet sails to a patrol point WSW of Cape Lizard
September 12, 1691 - 50km WSW of Cape Lizard - The fleet runs into a violent storm. The "Royal Sovereign" looses contact with the rest of the ships
September 13, 1691 - The Anglo-Dutch fleet returns to Torbay. It is feared that the "Royal Sovereign" may have sunk in the storm
September 14, 1691 - Plymouth - The "Royal Sovereign" comes into Plymouth
May 29, 1692 - Off Contentin Peninsula, France - Battle of Barfleur - Inconclusive
June 4, 1692 - Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, France - Battle of La Hogue - Anglo-Dutch victory
June(?) 15(?), 1692 - Portsmouth(?) - The fleet returns to England. The "Royal Sovereign" probably stays with the Channel Force while the Naval War with France is going on
December(?) 1(?), 1695 - Chatham Dockyard - Laid up at Chatham Dockyard for repairs
January 29, 1696 - Chatham Dockyard - A bosun on night watch leaves a candle unattended and the "Royal Sovereign" is set on fire by accident, burning to the water line =(END)

Friday 12 February 2021

Globe Theatre | Timeline

The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited by his son, Nicholas Brend and grandson Sir Matthew Brend, and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and closed by an Ordinance issued on 6 September 1642. A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe", opened in 1997 approximately 750 feet (230 m) from the site of the original theatre. (Intro from Wikipedia)

December 28, 1598 - new Bridewell, England - Carpenter Peter Street, supported by the actors and their friends, dismantle "The Theatre" beam by beam and transport it to Street's waterfront warehouse near Bridewell
August(?) 1(?), 1599 - Southwark, London - The "Globe Theatre" is built =(START)
September 21, 1599 - Southwark - First production for the "Globe", with a performance of Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar"
February 7, 1601 - Southwark - "Richard II" played for the Earl of Essex's followers
June 29, 1613 - Southwark - The "Globe Theatre" goes up in flames during a performance of "Henry VIII"
June 1(?), 1614 - Southwark - The "Globe" is rebuilt on the same site
September 6, 1642 - Southwark - The "Globe" is closed down by the Puritans =(END)

Tuesday 9 February 2021

Jean Sibelius | Timeline

Jean Sibelius
, born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius (8 December 1865 – 20 September 1957), was a Finnish composer and violinist of the late Romantic and early-modern periods. He is widely recognized as his country's greatest composer and, through his music, is often credited with having helped Finland to develop a national identity during its struggle for independence from Russia. (Intro from Wikipedia)

December 8, 1865 - Hämeenlinna, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire - Johan Julius Christian Sibelius is born
July 7, 1868 - Hämeenlinna - Jean's father, Doctor Christian Gustaf Sibelius, dies of typhoid fever. His mother, Maria Sibelius, pregnant and dependent on a small widow's pension, moves with her children into her mother's house
January(?) 1(?), 1872 - Hämeenlinna - Enrolls in Mlle. Eva Savonius's swedish-language preparatory school
January(?) 1(?), 1873 - Hämeenlinna - 7-year-old Jean begins piano lessons with his aunt Julia
January(?) 1(?), 1874 - Hämeenlinna - Attends Lucina Hagman's finnish-speaking preparatory school
January(?) 1(?), 1875 - Hämeenlinna - Sibelius' uncle Pehr Ferdinand Sibelius gives the boy a violin
October 1(?), 1875 - Hämeenlinna - 10-year-old Sibelius attends a concert by swedish harp virtuoso, Adolf Sjödén
January(?) 1(?), 1876 - Hämeenlinna - Continues his education at Hämeenlinna Normal
Sibelius, 1876
Lyceum
October(?) 1(?), 1880 - Hämeenlinna - Starts taking violin lessons with the former leader of Hämeenlinna's military band, Gustaf Levander
January(?) 1(?), 1881 - Hämeenlinna - Records on paper his short pizzicato piece "vattendroppar (water drops)" for violin and cello
June 19, 1881 - Hämeenlinna - Letter to his uncle Pehr Sibelius: "“I want so much to learn to play the violin . . . I would also like to learn to play the violoncello!”
August 1(?), 1883 - Hämeenlinna - Sibelius writes in a letter that he composed a trio and was working in another
November 30, 1884 - Hämeenlinna - Letter to uncle Pehr, describing his musical "debut"
July 10, 1885 - Hämeenlinna - Letter to uncle Pehr: "Dear Uncle! (…) Yesterday I played out on the hill, on top of the large boulder which you saw, and I imagined that the entire hill was an orchestra. The crows were oboes, magpies bassoons, gulls clarinets, thrushes violas, chiffchaffs violins, doves cellos, song thrushes flutes, the farm rooster the conductor and the pig a percussionist. You can only imagine what a dangerous situation it was and how I had to retreat in haste, because the violas began messing me. I moved to another place a little lower, but it was even worse. They tried indeed to shout me down, but I gave them what they deserved, Your very own, Janne"
August(?) 1(?), 1885 - Helsinki, Finland - After graduating from High School, Sibelius moves to Helsinki with his mother, his Aunt Evelina and his sister Linda. He begins studying Law at the Imperial Alexander University and  enrolls in the Helsinki Music Institute, beginning to take violin lessons there with Mitrofan Timofeyevich Wasiljeff
September 15, 1885 - Helsinki - In the Summer, he moves to Helsinki with his mother, his Aunt Evelina and his sister Linda. He enrolls in the Helsinki Music Institute, due to his interest in music and begins taking violin lessons there with Mitrofan Timofeyevich Wasiljeff
July(?) 1(?), 1886 - Houtskär | Korpo - Summer in the Southwestern Finnish Archipelago, where he writes the "Korpo" Trio
April(?) 1(?), 1887 - Helsinki, Finland - In the Spring, Sibelius begins composition lessons with Martin Wegelius
May 21, 1887 - Helsinki - Wasiljeff plays a trio by Carl Goldmark in a Music Institute concert, then vanishes. He is replaced by Hermann Csillag
May 31, 1888 - Helsinki - Premiere of the Sibelius's "Theme and Variations in C-sharp Minor", conducted by Csillag and with the Sibelius brothers and Anna Tigerstedt playing. Sibelius is applauded and called back several times =(START)
July(?) 1(?), 1888 - Loviisa, Finland - Summer in Loviisa, where he writes the "Loviisa" Trio
October(?) 1(?), 1888 - Helsinki - Meets 17-year-old Aino Järnefelt, daughter of General Alexander Järnefelt, the Governor of Vaasa, and Elisabeth Clodt von Jürgensburg, a Baltic aristocrat
May 30, 1889 - Helsinki - The "Nya Pressen" announces the most recent travel awards conferred by the Grand Duchy's Senate: 3,000 marks each went to Axel Gallén and Emil Wikström; 2,000 marks apiece were awarded to “music students I. H. R. Krohn and J. C. J. Sibelius.”
May 31, 1889 - Helsinki - Completes his studies at the Helsinki Music Institute
September 1(?), 1889 - Helsinki - Sibelius boards the steamer "Storfursten" to Germany, feeling the first symptoms of syphilis
September 5(?), 1889 - Lübeck, Germany - Boards a train to Berlin
September 10, 1889 - Berlin, Germany - Sibelius arrives in Berlin to begin his studies
November 11, 1889 - Weimar, Germany - Attends the Premiere of Richard Strauss's "Don Juan"
December 18(?), 1889 - Leipzig, Germany - Visit to Leipzig
December 24, 1889 - Berlin, Germany - Letter to his mother assuring her that he was feeling better (from syphilis)
February 11, 1890 - Berlin - Sibelius attends a performance of "Aino", conducted by the composer himself, Robert Kajanus
June 1(?), 1890 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Helsinki, via Lübeck and Stockholm
July(?) 1(?), 1890 - Helsinki - Sibelius and Aino Järnefelt are engaged in the Summer
October 1(?), 1890 - Lübeck, Germany - Boards a train to Berlin
October 11, 1890 - While in Berlin - Performance of Sibelius's Quintet in G Minor in Turku
Sibelius in Vienna
October 25, 1890 - Vienna, Austria -
Sibelius arrives in Vienna to continue his studies with Robert Fuchs and Karl Goldmark
November 22, 1890 - Vienna - Letter to Aino: "They are, like everyone in my family except me, very religious. I like it so much. Yet they are so sensitive. Their religiosity (especially my Mother’s and Aunt’s) is also not of the doctrinaire kind, from what I understand. They don’t talk of the cold, dogmatic—but they are a little bit like Topelius [meaning childlike]"
December 1(?), 1890 - Vienna - Letter to his sisters, complaining that they still had not congratulated him on his engagement
December 13, 1890 - Vienna - Letter to Aino
December 24, 1890 - Vienna - Letter to Aino: "I'm thinking of doing the thing [Kullervo] much more 'realistically' than before. In Realism there is also music"
January 8, 1891 - Vienna - Letter to Aino
April 13, 1891 - Vienna - Hears Beethoven's 9th symphony and is moved to tears
April 14, 1891 - Vienna - Attends Mascagni's new opera "Cavalleria Rusticana"
June 1(?), 1891 - Vienna - Departs to Finland
June 15(?), 1891 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Helsinki, via Prague, Berlin, Lübeck, Hanko and Tallinn
June 20(?), 1891 - Loviisa, Finland - Returns to the house in Loviisa to work on "Kullervo".  He puts an advertisement in the newspaper and begins teaching violin and music theory to some pupils
August 21, 1891 - Ekenäs, Finland - Performs as a violinist in Ekenäs with pianist Karl Ekman
January 1(?), 1892 - Helsinki, Finland - Moves to Helsinki. Sibelius takes teaching assignments at the Music Institute and at Kajanus's conducting school to pay his way
April 28, 1892 - Helsinki - Premiere of "Kullervo"
June 10, 1892 - Maxmo (Maksamaa), Finland - Jean Sibelius marries Aino Järnefelt
June 15(?), 1892- Karelia - Honeymoon in Karelia
December 10, 1892 - Helsinki, Finland(?) - Letter to Adolf Paul: “I have a ‘Saga’ ready for orchestra. You ought to be attracted by it. It’s delirious. I was thinking of Böcklin’s pictures [when I composed it]. He does paint the air too bright, the swans too white, and the sea too blue and so on.”
December 15(?), 1892 - Hämeenlinna - Sibelius attends his grandmother's (Katarina Borg) funeral. (She dies on December 4th). Last visit to his Hämeenlinna home before it was sold
February 16, 1893 - Helsinki - Performance of the extended version of "En Saga"
March 1(?), 1893 - Helsinki - Unsucessful performances of "Kullervo" in March
March 10, 1893 - Helsinki - Daughter Eva is born
April 1(?), 1893 - Helsinki(?) - Premiere of the Choral work "Väinämöinen's boat ride"
October 31, 1893 - Helsinki - Letter to Adolf Paul
November 13, 1893 - Viipuri (Vyborg, Russia) - Performance of the full version of "Karelia"
November 18, 1893 - Viipuri - Performance of the full version of "Karelia"
November 19, 1893 - Helsinki - Performance of the full version of "Karelia"
November 23, 1893 - Helsinki - Performance of the full version of "Karelia"
February 17, 1894 - Turku, Finland - Conducts his works in Turku
June 21, 1894 - Vaasa, Finland - Premiere of Vårsång (Spring Song)
July 10(?), 1894 - Helsinki - Departs to Bayreuth to become better acquainted with Richard Wagner's music
July 14(?), 1894 - Lübeck, Germany - Boards a train to Hamburg
July 15(?), 1894 - Hamburg, Germany - On his way to Bayreuth
July 16(?), 1894 - Cologne, Germany - On his way to Bayreuth
July 17(?), 1894 - Mainz, Germany - On his way to Bayreuth
July 19(?), 1894 - Nuremberg, Germany - On his way to Bayreuth
July 20(?), 1894 - Bayreuth, Germany - Arrives in Bayreth in the Summer
July 23, 1894 - Bayreuth - Letter to Aino: "I am so happy to be able to view paintings in Munich and in particular those of [Franz von] Stuck that Erik [Eero Järnefelt] has pictures of. I will now surely save [money] so that before returning home I will get to Italy – to Venezia. (… ) I will take a ‘gallery’ at the opera. I will sit there in my shirtsleeves and enjoy. I am now fully restored to my old self. I will have to try to get out a little every year. Then I will be as I used to be"
August 19, 1894 - Bayreuth, Germany - Letter to Aino
September 1(?), 1894 - Bayreuth - Departs to Venice, Italy
September 2(?), 1894 - Nuremberg - On his way to Venice
September 3(?), 1894 - Munich - On his way to Venice
September 4(?), 1894 - Innsbruck, Austria - On his way to Venice
September 5(?), 1894 - Verona, Italy - On his way to Venice
September 6(?), 1894 - Venice, Italy - Arrives in Venice, Italy
September 10(?), 1894 - Verona - On his way back to Finland
September 11(?), 1894 - Innsbruck - On his way back to Finland
September 12(?), 1894 - Munich - On his way back to Finland
September 13(?), 1894 - Nuremberg - On his way back to Finland
September 15(?), 1894 - Leipzig - On his way back to Finland
September 16(?), 1894 - Berlin - On his way back to Finland
September 18(?), 1894 - Stettin - Boards a boat to Helsinki
September 22(?), 1894 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Helsinki
November 23, 1894 - Helsinki - Daughter Ruth is born
January(?) 1(?), 1895 - Helsinki - Enrolls at the Helsinki Music Institute
March 9, 1895 - Helsinki(?) - Unnoficial premiere of "The Wood Nymph" at a lottery ball benefiting the Finnish Theatre
April 17, 1895 - Helsinki - Premiere of "The Wood Nymph" and performance of Vårsång (Spring Song)
April 19, 1895 - Helsinki - Performance of "The Wood Nymph" and Vårsång (Spring Song)
April 13, 1896 - Helsinki - Premiere of "Lemminkäinen Suite"
April 14, 1896 - Helsinki - Influenced by the composer Robert Kajanus, who was campaigning to win the appointment of university music director, the "Nya Pressen" publishes a negative review of the "Lemminkäinen Suite", saying that there was "too much music"
May 1(?), 1896 - Helsinki - The conductor of Academic Orchestra of the Imperial Alexander University, Richard Faltin, takes a leave of absence and announces his intention to retire. Sibelius begins filling his position while the university conducts an official search for a replacement
May 20(?), 1896 - Helsinki - Sibelius and Aino depart for two weeks in Berlin
June(?) 1(?), 1896 - Berlin, Germany - Short stay in Berlin
June 25(?), 1896 - Helsinki, Finland - Sibelius and Aino return to Finland
August 22, 1896 - Helsinki - Diary: "It seems as if I'm sleeping my life away"
November 2, 1896 - Helsinki - Performance of a Coronation cantata at the Imperial Alexander University
November 7, 1896 - Helsinki - Conducts the opera "Maid in the Tower" at the Society House
May 30, 1897 - Helsinki - Performance of another cantata for a graduation ceremony at the Imperial Alexander University
June 1(?), 1897 - Helsinki - Departs to Italy with Walter von Konow
June 4(?), 1897 - Stettin, Germany - Arrives by ship to Stettin
June 5(?), 1897 - Berlin - On his way to Italy
June 6(?), 1897 - Dresden - On his way to Italy
June 7(?), 1897 - Prague - On his way to Italy
June 8(?), 1897 - Vienna, Austria - On his way to Italy
June 9(?), 1897 - Graz, Austria - On his way to Italy
June 10(?), 1897 - Trieste - On his way to Italy
June 11(?), 1897 - Venice, Italy - On his way to Assisi
June 12(?), 1897 - Ancona, Italy - On his way to Assisi
June 13(?), 1897 - Foligno, Italy - On his way to Assisi
June 14(?), 1897 - Assisi, Italy - Short stay at Assisi, Italy
June 19(?), 1897 - Perugia, Italy - On his way back to Finland
June 20(?), 1897 - Florence, Italy - On his way back to Finland
June 21(?), 1897 - Bologna, Italy - On his way back to Finland
June 22(?), 1897 - Innsbruck, Austria - On his way back to Finland
June 23(?), 1897 - Munich, Germany - On his way back to Finland
June 24(?), 1897 - Nuremberg - On his way back to Finland
June 25(?), 1897 - Leipzig - On his way back to Finland
June 26(?), 1897 - Berlin - On his way back to Finland
June 27(?), 1897 - Stettin, Germany - Boards a ship to Helsinki
July 1(?), 1897 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Helsinki
July 29, 1897 - Helsinki - Robert Kajanus is chosen for the position of conductor of the Academic Orchestra of the Imperial Alexander University. Although Sibelius looses the position, he begins receiving a state pension
October 1(?), 1897 - Helsinki - Yrjö-Koskinen makes the case that Sibelius, whose music "is fully imprinted with national features", should be granted a state pension of 3,000 finnish marks
November 29, 1897 - Helsinki - Performance of "The Wood Nymph" and Vårsång (Spring Song)
November 30, 1897 - Helsinki - The senate makes a statement to the emperor about Sibelius. Performance of "The Wood Nymph" and Vårsång (Spring Song)
January 8, 1898 - Helsinki - The state secretariat communicates that the emperor had agreed to grant an annual sum of 3,000 finnish marks to Sibelius, renewable for 10 years
January 14, 1898 - Helsinki - The art journal "Ateneum" publishes an article on Jean Sibelius
February 24, 1898 - Helsinki - Premiere of the play "King Christian II"
February 25(?), 1898 - Helsinki - Sibelius and Aino depart for Berlin (via Vyborg, St.Petersburg, Pskov, Dünaburg, Kovno, Insterburg, Allenstein, Thorn, Posen, Berlin
April 1(?), 1898 - Berlin - Aino returns to Finland with her brother Armas due to morning sickness during her pregnancy
April 3(?), 1898 - St.Petersburg, Russia - Travels through Saint-Petersburg on his way to Berlin
May 1(?), 1898 - Helsinki, Finland - Sibelius returns to Finland
November 14, 1898 - Helsinki - Daughter Kirsti is born
January 1(?), 1899 - Kerava, Finland - Moves to the town of Kerava
February 19, 1899 - Kerava - Letter to Kajanus: "Your ‘eläköön rakas isänmaa’ [Long Live Our Beloved Fatherland] rings in my heart—yes, long live this poor, poor land."
April 26, 1899 - Helsinki - Premiere of the 1st Symphony and the "Song of the Athenians for boys' and men's choirs
April 30, 1899 - Helsinki - Performance of his 1st Symphony and "The Wood Nymph"
June 10, 1899 - Kerava - Postcard to Kajanus: "Times are hard. Accept this farthing. I hope Atenarnes sång in Finnish will be all right? Try your best!"
September 21, 1899 - While in Kerava - The soprano Ida Ekman sings two solo songs newly composed by Sibelius: "Svarta rosor" and "Men min fågel märks dock icke"
November 4, 1899 - Helsinki - Premiere of "Press Celebration Music"
January 1, 1900 - Helsinki - Letter to Aino: "Let’s see now what the new century brings with it for Finland and Finns. History’s condemnation certainly will not fall on us Finns. And the fact that our cause is right lends us dignity and equanimity."
February 13, 1900 - Mattila, Finland - Death of their youngest daughter, Kirsti
April 7, 1900 - Turku, Finland - Sibelius conducts his works at the Fire Brigade Hall in Turku (and on the next day at Turku's Old Academy
July 1, 1900 - Turku - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Turku before departing on their European Tour
July 2, 1900 - Helsinki - Premiere of the tone poem "Finlandia, Op.26", conducted by Robert Kajanus
July 3(?), 1900 - Helsinki - Departs on a tour with Kajanus's Helsinki Philarmonica orchestra on a European Tour - Stockholm, Kristiania, Gothenburg, Helsingborg, Elsinore, Copenhagen, Lübeck, Hamburg, Berlin, Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam, Brussels, Paris, Reims, Trier, Cologne, Lübeck, Hanko
July 4, 1900 - Stockholm, Sweden - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Stockholm (and again on July 5th)
July 6(?), 1900 - Kristiania (Oslo, Norway) - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Kristiania
July 8(?), 1900 - Gothenburg, Sweden - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Gothenburg
July 10(?), 1900 - Helsingborg, Sweden - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Helsingborg
July 11(?), 1900 - Elsinore, Denmark - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Elsinore
July 12(?), 1900 - Copenhagen, Denmark - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Copenhagen
July 15(?), 1900 - Lübeck, Germany - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Lübeck
July 16(?), 1900 - Hamburg, Germany - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Hamburg
July 18, 1900 - Berlin, Germany - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Berlin
July 22, 1900 - Amsterdam, Netherlands - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Amsterdam
July 23, 1900 - The Hague, Netherlands - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in The Hague
July 24, 1900 - Rotterdam, Netherlands - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in Rotterdam
July 25, 1900 - Brussels, Belgium - The Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra performs in the Salle de la Grande Harmonie in Brussels
July 30, 1900 - Paris, France - Visits Paris for the orchestra's appearance at the World's Fair - First concert in Paris
August 3, 1900 - Paris - Second concert in Paris
August 4(?), 1900 - Reims, France - Returning to Finland
August 5(?), 1900 - Trier, Germany - Returning to Finland
August 6(?), 1900 - Cologne, Germany - Returning to Finland
August 7(?), 1900 - Lübeck, Germany - Returning to Finland
August 10(?), 1900 - Hanko, Finland - Returns to Finland
August 12, 1900 - While in Kerava(?) - "Le Ménestrel" newspaper praises their performance in Paris
October 20, 1900 - Helsinki - Performance of "Snöfrid", Op.29
October 27, 1900 - Helsinki - Sibelius and his family depart to Italy, via Germany and Switzerland
October 28(?), 1900 - St.Petersburg, Russia - On his way to Germany, via Vyborg, St.Petersburg, Pskov, Dünaburg, Kovno, Intersburg, Allenstein, Thorn, Posen, Berlin - Leipzig
November 2, 1900 - Berlin, Germany(?) - Letter to his copyist on his way to Italy: "Dear Herr Röllig! Think of the scandal! My score of Patrie (you know, Vaterland) is lost. It’s supposed to be published—what to do?"
January 1(?), 1901 - Rapallo, Italy - Sibelius and family arrive in the coastal village of Rapallo (Berlin-Stuttgart-Basel-Luzern-Milan-Genoa-Rapallo)
February 2, 1901 - Rapallo - Begins writing his 2nd symphony while in a family trip
April 4, 1901 - Rome, Italy - Postcard to Carpelan: "Here one gets strange ideas about the essence of music."
May 1(?), 1901 - Prague, Austria-Hungary - Meets Antonin Dvořák on his way back to Finland
May 10(?), 1901 - Helsinki, Finland - Sibelius family returns to Finland
May 28, 1901 - Berlin, Germany - Back in Berlin
May 31, 1901 - Heidelberg, Germany - Arrives in Heidelberg
June 4, 1901 - Heidelberg - Conducts music at the Heidelberg Music Festival, where he meet Richard Strauss
August 27, 1901 - Kerava, Finland - Letter to Carpelan: "The thing was that I’ve had to undergo a difficult struggle in my art—now I’m again in the clear and proceeding full sail ahead."
March 8, 1902 - Helsinki, Finland - Premiere of the 2nd Symphony
April 9, 1902 - Helsinki - Premiere of "The Origin of Fire"
June 1(?), 1902 - Berlin, Germany - Voyage to Germany - Stettin, Berlin, Stettin, Helsinki
July(?) 1(?), 1902 - Tvärminne, near Hanko - Summer in Tvärminne, near Hanko, working on the song "Var det en dröm (Was it a dream)"
September 1(?), 1902 - Finnish Archipelago - Letter to Aino: “I’ve gotten some wonderful themes for the violin concert [sic]."
September 20(?), 1902 - Kerava, Finland - Moves out of Kerava
November 2, 1902 - Helsinki - Conducts a revised version of "En Saga"
November 5, 1902 - Berlin, Germany - Voyage to Germany - Vyborg, St.Petersburg, Pskov, Dunaburg, Kovno, Intersburg, Allenstein, Thorn, Posen, Berlin
November 15, 1902 - Berlin - Performance of the song "Var det en dröm" (Was it a dream) and a new version of "En Saga"
December 1(?), 1902 - Turku, Finland - Performance of "Snöfrid", Op.29
January 12, 1903 - Artjärvi, Finland - Daughter Katarina is born
March 1(?), 1903 - Tampere, Finland - Performance of "Snöfrid", Op.29
May 1(?), 1903 - Tallinn, Estonia - Concerts in Talinn
July 1(?), 1903 - Jarvenpää, Finland - Uncle Pehr Ferdinand dies. Sibelius and Aino buy about 2.5 acres (10,000 m2) of land in Järvenpää near lake Tuusula, and use his share of his uncle's estate to pay the architect Lars Sonck to design their house, which they called "Ainola"
November 10, 1903 - While in Kerava - Performance of the revised 2nd Symphony by Armas Järnefelt in Stockholm
February 8, 1904 - Helsinki - Premiere of the "Violin Concerto" - Victor Nováček as soloist
Ainola, Järvenpää (Museot.fi)
March 8, 1904 - Kerava - Letter to Carpelan: "What do you think about the war[?] The official accounts!! Japan owns 23 battleships and according to Bobba [Bobrikov] 40 have been destroyed. Sic itur ad gehennam! [So it’s going to Hell!]"
May 24, 1904 - Helsinki - Sibelius leads more than 50 musicians of the Warsaw Philarmonic Orchestra in his 2nd Symphony
June 16, 1904 - Helsinki - Governor-General Bobrikov is assassinated in Helsinki. The assassin, a young man named Eugen Schauman, kills himself after
June 25(?), 1904 - Talinn, Estonia - Concerts in Talinn
August 1(?), 1904 - Riga, Latvia - Tour in Latvia
September 21, 1904 - Kerava, Finland - Letter to Axel Carpelan informing him that a third symphony was under way
September 24, 1904 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Sibelius and Aino move to Ainola
December 1(?), 1904 - Oulu, Finland - Concert in Oulu
December 5(?), 1904 - Pori, Finland - Concert in Pori
January 1, 1905 - Helsinki - Departs to Berlin, via Vyborg, St.Peterburg, Pskov, Dunaburg, Kovno, Intersburg, Allenstein, Thorn, Poznan, Berlin
January 12, 1905 - Berlin, Germany - Conducts his 2nd Symphony on invitation of Busoni
January 19, 1905 - Berlin - Letter to Aino: "Now is the crucial hour when I still can take myself in hand and be something really great."
March 10(?), 1905 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland
March 17, 1905 - Helsinki - Premiere of "Pelléas och Mélisande"
June 28, 1905 - Ainola - Letter to Robert Lienau, director of a Berlin publishing house, informing him that the new version of his violin concerto was ready
July 20, 1905 - Ainola - Sibelius sells his finnish copyrights to a german firm, Breitkopf & Härtel
September 3, 1905 - Ainola - Letter from Axel Carpelan: "The connection with Europe broken! You are now our great hope and our pride"
October 19, 1905 - Berlin, Germany - Performance of a revised and condensed version of the "Violin Concerto" with Richard Strauss conducting and Karel Halíř as soloist
November 20(?), 1905 - Dover, England - Steps ashore at Dover
December 2, 1905 - Liverpool, England - Conducts the 1st Symphony and "Finlandia", a great success and widely acclaimed
December 4, 1905 - Dover(?) - Departs to Paris
December 5(?), 1905 - Paris, France - Arrives in Paris
January 15(?), 1905 - Paris - Departs to Berlin
January 30, 1906 - Berlin - Checks out of hotel Riga, Berlin and departs back to Finland
February 10(?), 1906 - Helsinki - Return to Finland - Paris, Reims, Cologne, Hannover, Berlin - Leipzig - Stockholm
June 1(?), 1906 - While in Ainola - His sister Linda succumbs to insanity
July(?) 1(?), 1906 - Helsinki - Sibelius in Helsinki in the Summer
December 29, 1906 - Sankt Petersburg, Russia - Premiere of the tone poem "Pohjola's Daughter (Pohjolan tytär), Op. 49" at the Mariinsky Theatre
August 1(?), 1907 - Berlin, Germany - Trip to Berlin with Aino - Stockholm, Helsingborg, Elsinor, Copenhagen, Lubeck, Berlin, Stettin, Helsinki
September 25, 1907 - Helsinki, Finland - Premiere of his 3rd Symphony
October 29, 1907 - Helsinki - Mahler visits Helsinki, arriving from Saint-Petersburg. Sibelius meets him
November 1, 1907 - Helsinki - Mahler conducts the Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra
November 10(?), 1907 - Saint-Petersburg - Conducts his 3rd symphony in Saint-Petersburg
November 12(?), 1907 - Moscow - Conducts his 3rd symphony in Moscow
November 21, 1907 - Ainola, Jarvenpää - Letter to his publisher Robert Lienau
February 1(?), 1908 - Helsinki - Second trip to England - Berlin, Osnabruck, Antwerp, Oostende, Dover, London, Dover, Oostende, Antwerp, Osnabruck, Berlin, Stralsund, Sassnitz, Trelleborg, Malmö, Stockholm, Turku
February 10(?), 1908 - London, England - Conducts his 3rd symphony at a concert of the Royal Philharmonic Society
March 24, 1908 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Letter to Rosa Newmarch
May 1(?), 1908 - Berlin, Germany - Throat surgery to remove a tumor - Quits smoking and drinking (May or June)
September 10, 1908 - Tuusula, Finland - Daughter Margareta is born
November 1(?), 1908 - Ainola - Sibelius completes a new tone poem, "Night Ride and Sunrise", for a concert in the Russian capital
February 1(?), 1909 - Helsinki - Departs for London-Paris-Berlin
February 13, 1909 - London, England - Conducts "En Saga" and "Finlandia" at Queen's Hall, London
February 27, 1909 - London - Debussy conducts "La Mer" and "Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune" at the Queen's Hall. He meets Jean Sibelius
March(?) 1(?), 1909 - Paris, France - Arrives in Paris
April 1, 1909 - Paris - Diary: "Why do I flee from my quartet?"
April(?) 12(?), 1909 - Berlin, Germany - Undergoes a post-operative medical examination. Sibelius is relieved to learn that his throat operation had been entirely successful
April 15, 1909 - Berlin - Diary: “Quartet ready! I—my heart is bleeding—why this tragedy of life. Woe! Woe! Woe! That one exists! My God—!"
May 21, 1909 - Berlin - Diary: "Have to go home now. I cannot work here any longer. A change of style?!"
May 30(?), 1909 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland
September 1(?), 1909 - Pielisjärvi, Northern Karelia - Sibelius and Eero Järnefelt journey to northeastern Finland and climb Mount Koli, beside Lake Pielinen in northern Karelia
September 23, 1909 - Ainola - Diary: "Mikael's 'Ödlan' torments me. Must hand it over as fast as possible"
April 1(?), 1910 - While in Ainola - A petition sponsored by a group of internationally oriented Finns including Yrjö Hirn, Sigurd Frosterus, and Werner Söderhjelm began quietly circulating among wealthy businessmen (it was marked “Not for the public”). The appeal was a bid to ease Sibelius’s financial difficulties in the aftermath of his throat surgery, and its wording was powerful: “If his countrymen could contribute to alleviating his circumstances, they would thereby, in our view, be serving the interests of their own country, and at the same time fulfill their duty toward international cultural life in which it is both our right and our duty to participate
April 6, 1910 - Helsinki, Finland - Premiere of the play "Ödlan" at the swedish theatre in Helsinki
April 25, 1910 - Helsinki - Premiere of "Voces Intimae" at the Helsinki Conservatory
May 9, 1910 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Letter to Rosa Newmarch
June 18, 1910 - Ainola - Diary: "All true talents have made their way ‘ad astra’ through their own studies"
September 25(?), 1910 - Helsinki - Departs for Kristiania (Oslo), via Turku and Stockholm
October 8, 1910 - Kristiania (Oslo, Norway) - Premiere of "Dryaden" and "In Memoriam"
October 14(?), 1910 - Gothenburg, Sweden - on his way to Berlin from Kristiania
October 15(?), 1910 - Malmö - on his way to Berlin from Kristiania
October 16(?), 1910 - Trelleborg - on his way to Berlin from Kristiania
October 18(?), 1910 - Sassnitz - on his way to Berlin from Kristiania
October 19(?), 1910 - Stralsund - on his way to Berlin from Kristiania
October 20(?), 1910 - Berlin, Germany - Arrives in Berlin. Listens to works by Anton Arensky and Sergey Rachmaninoff
October 21, 1910 - Berlin - Hears Claude Debussy' Quartet
November 1(?), 1910 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland via Stettin
November 5, 1910 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Diary: "A symphony is not just a ‘composition’ in the ordinary meaning. It’s rather a confession of faith at different stages of one’s life"
November 14, 1910 - Ainola - Diary: "Am I really nothing other than a ‘nationalistic’" curiosity?"
November 20(?), 1910 - Helsinki - Glazunov visits Helsinki
January 1, 1911 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Letter to Rosa Newmarch: "I had just returned from Berlin where I stayed for two months. As usual, I was overwhelmed by disgust for the “modern direction.” Out of that the feeling of loneliness arose. . . . To my astonishment I can see that my compositions are frequently played on the continent, even though they do not have anything of “Modernity” in them."
February 5, 1911 - Ainola(?) - Letter to Rosa Newmarch telling her that his new symphony op. 63 was intended as a “protest against the compositions of today
February 10(?), 1911 - Gothenburg, Sweden - Concert Tour (Turku, Stockholm, Gothenburg)
February 15(?), 1911 - Riga, Latvia - Concert Tour (Gothenburg, Malmö, Trelleborg, Sassnitz, Stralsund, Berlin, Posen, Allenstein, Insterburg, Kaunas, Jelvava (Mitau) - Riga
February 25(?), 1911 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Helsinki via Pskov, St.Petersburg, Vyborg
April 3, 1911 - Helsinki - Premiere of his 4th symphony
June 20, 1911 - Tuusula, Finland - Daughter Heidi is born
October 18, 1911 - Helsinki - Departs to Berlin and Paris (Stettin, Berlin)
November 1(?), 1911 - Paris, France - Arrives in Paris for a visit
November 15(?), 1911 - Paris - Attends a performance of Richard Strauss's "Salome"
December 1(?), 1911 - Helsinki - Returns to Helsinki
January 17, 1912 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Sibelius is offered a position in Vienna's Akademie für Musik und darstellende Kunst as successor of Robert Fuchs
March 8, 1912 - Ainola - In his diary, Sibelius puts down his refusal of the Vienna offer to patriotism and love of his independent mode of working
March 29, 1912 - Helsinki - Premiere of "Scènes Historiques II" and the 4th Symphony
August 29, 1912 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Letter to Rosa Newmarch informing her of the details of his next trip to England
September 1(?), 1912 - Helsinki - Departs for England (Helsinki, Stockholm, Helsingborg, Elsinore, Copenhagen, Könsör, Kiel, Hamburg, Osnabrück, oostende, Dover, London, Birmingham, Straftord - London
September 12, 1912 - London | Stratford-on-Avon, England - Diary: "Journey to England. London.—Stratford on Avon, Shakespeare’s birthplace"
September 24, 1912 - London - Arrives in London
September 26, 1912 - Birmingham, England - Rehearsals for the 4th symphony
September 27(?), 1912 - Birmingham - The 4th Symphony is well received
November 25(?), 1912 - Helsinki - Departs for Copenhagen
December 3, 1912 - Copenhagen, Denmark - Concert trip to Copenhagen - conducts his 4th symphony
December 10(?), 1912 - Helsinki - Returns to Helsinki
Sibelius, 1913
March 27, 1913 - Helsinki, Finland - Premiere of "Barden" Op.64
April 18, 1913 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Letter to Rosa Newmarch
June 10, 1913 - Ainola - Attends the marriage of her eldest daughter Eva to their neighbour Arvi Paloheimo
August 24, 1913 - Ainola - Sibelius sends the score of "Luonnotar" to Aino Ackté
September 3, 1913 - Helsinki - Sibelius and Aino Ackté rehearse "Luonnotar" together
January 8(?), 1914 - Helsinki - Departs for Berlin (Turku, Stockholm, Helsingborg, Elsinore, Copenhagen, Gedser, Rostock, Berlin)
January 15(?), 1914 - Berlin, Germany - Arrives in Berlin to stay for a month. He is drawn to Arnold Schönberg's music there
January 28, 1914 - Berlin - Diary: "A lied of Schoenberg impressed me most deeply"
February 9, 1914 - Berlin - Diary: Schoenberg's string quarter, op.10 gave him "a lot to think about" and that he developed a "terrific interest in Schoenberg"
February 15(?), 1914 - Saint-Petersburg, Russia - Reaches Saint-Petersburg on his way back to Finland
February 20(?), 1914 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Helsinki via St.Petersburg
May 1(?), 1914 - Helsinki - Departs for the United States via Germany (Turku, Stockholm, Malmö, Copenhagen, Kiel, Hamburg, Bremen, Bremerhaven)
May 18, 1914 - Bremen, Germany - Letter to Rosa Newmarch
May 19, 1914 - Bremerhaven, Germany - Departs for the United States on board the "S.S. Kaiser Wilhelm II"
May 20, 1914 - Southampton | Cherbourg - Port calls at Southampton and Cherbourg
May 22, 1914 - N. Of the Azores Islands - The "S.S. Kaiser Wilhelm II" steams north of the Azores
May 26, 1914 - New York City - Sibelius arrives in the United States
June 4, 1914 - Norfolk, Virginia - Norfolk Music Festival - Premiere of "The Oceanides"
June 17, 1914 - New Haven, Connecticut - Receives an honorary doctorate from Yale University
June 18, 1914 - New York City - Departs for Hamburg on board the "S.S.President Grant"
June 25(?), 1914 - Hamburg, Germany - The "S.S.President Grant" arrives in Hamburg
June 28, 1914 - (Probably Malmö or Stockholm) - During his travel back to Finland, World War I is ignited by Gavrilo Princip
July 1(?), 1914 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Helsinki, via Plymouth, Cherbourg, Hamburg, Kiel, Copenhagen, Malmö, Stockholm, Turku, Helsinki
July 30, 1914 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Diary: "The war begins. . . . And we here in Finland? Shall we become Philistines for want of leadership? Effeminate as we are. I trust the Swedish element more. But our Finns?"
August 18, 1914 - Ainola - Diary: "War! Probably the end of our civilization"
September 30, 1914 - Helsinki - In Helsinki to spend a few days
October 26, 1914 - Ainola - Diary: "Begun in earnest with Symphony no. 5. . . . In a truly glorious mood forging these themes"
March 14, 1915 - Helsinki, Finland - Departs to Gothenburg
March 19, 1915 - Stockholm, Sweden - Arrives in Stockholm, via Turku
March 22, 1915 - Gothenburg, Sweden - Concert in Gothenburg - The Oceanides, 4th symphony
March 24, 1915 - Gothenburg - Concert in Gothenburg - The Oceanides, 4th symphony
March 30, 1915 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Returns home and continues work on his 5th symphony
April 10, 1915 - Ainola - Diary: "In the evening [worked] on the symphony. On the disposition of the themes." The importance is done with this mystery and enchantment. As if God the Father had thrown down the shards of a mosaic from the floor of heaven and asked me to find out what it had looked like. Perhaps a good definition of “composing.” Perhaps not. What do I know!—Warm outside, and winter is receding. Once again there is a fragrance in the air of the spring thaw, of youth, and of breaking—of change"
April 21, 1915 - Ainola - While working on his Fifth Symphony in April, he sees 16 swans flying by, inspiring him to write the finale. "One of the great experiences of my life!"
December 7, 1915 - Helsinki, Finland - Eve of his 50th birthday - Premiere of his 5th Symphony in the hall of the Helsinki Stock Exchange
December 8, 1916 - Helsinki - Sibelius conducts his "Oceanides" and the 5th Symphony
December 15(?), 1916 - Helsinki - Performance of the revised 5th Symphony
December 17, 1916 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Diary: "Anyway, this disastrous war will still go on for a long time. And thus my isolation as well"
November 23, 1917 - Ainola - Diary: "“Terrible happenings concerning the socialists’ progress, [which are] crushing us patriots."
January 19, 1918 - Helsinki - Premiere of "Jäger March" at the solemn celebration held in the Festival Hall of the Imperial Alexander University
January 28, 1918 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Civil War erupts in Finland
February 2, 1918 - Ainola - Diary: "proletarian mob power grows like an avalanche."
February 20, 1918 - Helsinki - The Red guards escort the Sibelius family to Helsinki
April 12, 1918 - Helsinki - German troops occupy Helsinki and the Red period ends
April 19(?), 1918 - Helsinki - Sibelius conducts the "Jäger March" after the Helsinki Philarmonic Orchestra gives an homage concert for the german commander Rüdiger von der Goltz
June 9, 1918 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Diary: "All Finland is in the grip of war, that is, militarism"
June 18, 1919 - Copenhagen, Denmark - Sibelius and Aino arrive in Copenhagen for the "Nordic Music days in Copenhagen" - Premiere of his 5th symphony
June 20, 1919 - Copenhagen - Photographed with colleagues outside the Tivoli, Copenhagen
January 1(?), 1920 - While at Ainola - Norwegian musician Alf Klingenberg offers Sibelius the post of composition professor at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York (Klingenberg was its new director)
June 10, 1920 - Helsinki - Sibelius attends a concert by the Louhi Band
December 8, 1920 - Ainola, Järvenpää - On his birthday, Sibelius receives a donation of 63,000 marks that tenor Wäinö Sola had raised from Finnish businesses
January 3, 1921 - Ainola - Sibelius telegraphs an answer to Rochester: "Yes"
January 5, 1921 - Ainola - Writes to Klingenberg informing him that he had just telegraphed "Yes" to the Eastman School, but his wife would probably not be coming
January 20(?), 1921 - Helsinki - Departs for England and Norway (Helsinki, Turku, Stockholm, Malmo, Trelleborg, Sassnitz, Stralsund, Berlin, Osnabruck, Oostende, Dover, London, Stratford, London, Bournemouth, London, Birmingham, Oxford, London, Manchester, London, Newcastle)
February 10, 1921 - Dover, England(?) - Meets Vaughan Williams at reception
February 12, 1921 - London, England - Conducts his 5th symphony at Queen's Hall
March(?) 1(?), 1921 - Kristiania (Oslo, Norway) - Concerts in Norway
April 1(?), 1921 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland (newcastle, Bergen, Kristiania, Stockholm, Turku, Helsinki)
May 9, 1921 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Sibelius turns down the offer of post at Eastman School of Music
May 12, 1922 - While in Ainola - Premiere of the Incidental music for "Scaramouche" at the Royal Theatre, Copenhagen
July 2, 1922 - While in Ainola - His brother Christian dies in the Summer, leaving Sibelius in emotional darkness
August 1(?), 1922 - Ainola - Sibelius joins the Finnish freemasons and composes ritual music for them
February 19, 1923 - Helsinki - Premiere of his 6th Symphony
February 25(?), 1923 - Helsinki - Departs for Sweden and Italy (Turku, Stockholm, Malmo, Trelleborg, Sassnitz, Stralsund, Berlin, Nuremberg, Ulm, Zurich, Milan, Rome, Naples, Capri, Rome)
March 1(?), 1923 - Stockholm, Sweden - Performance of his 6th Symphony
March 18, 1923 - Rome, Italy - Conducts the Augusteo Orchestra, performing his 2nd Symphony and Lemminkäinen Suite
April 1, 1923 - Berlin, Germany - Reaches Berlin (rome, milan, zurich, ulm, nuremberg, Berlin)
April 20(?), 1923 - Gothenburg, Sweden - He is found consuming champagne and oysters when he should have been readying himself to conduct
April 25(?), 1923 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland (Berlin, Stralsund, Sassnitz, Trelleborg, Malmo, Gothenburg, Stockholm, Turku)
May 29, 1923 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Sibelius is bestowed the title of "Commendatore dell’Ordine della Corona d’Italia" after his latest visit to Rome
October 23, 1923 - Ainola - Diary: "My life is now finished. If I’m sometimes happy and have a glass to drink, I pay for it a long time afterward. This terrible depression that not even Aino can understand, but which I’ve inherited. This ‘sensitivity’ or lack of self-confidence, which means that Aino and the children have never had proper support in their life. This hell upon the earth, which they encounter outside, never to escape. Woe am I, alone, alone!"
March 2, 1924 - Ainola - Completes work in his 7th Symphony
March 20(?), 1924 - Helsinki - Departs for Sweden
March 24, 1924 - Stockholm, Sweden - Premiere of his 7th symphony under the title of "Fantasia Sinfonica"
April 1(?), 1924 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland
August 30, 1924 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Celebrates the marriage of his 21-year-old daughter Katarina with the 37-year-old lawyer Eero Ilves. After the marriage, his youngest daughter leaves Ainola to study in Helsinki
September 23, 1924 - Copenhagen, Denmark - Concerts in Copenhagen. Sibelius is honoured with the Knight Commander's Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog
September 24(?), 1924 - Malmö, Sweden - Short visit to Malmö
September 30(?), 1924 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland
February 17, 1925 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Diary: “It is blowing a gale outside. How infinitely richer is this [illegible word] unreflected gust than the poetry of Goethe or other gentlemen! I have begun to ‘snap,’ namely to drink in secret. This is one way to take a life. But—a few drinks, at midnight—have a wonderful effect! Those who survive shall see! But the poetry in all of this! Dear Lord! Reflection is intoxicating!"
May 1, 1925 - Ainola - Wilhelm Hansen, Sibelius's danish publisher, approaches him with the offer "Have you have written music to Shakespeare's "The Tempest"? - The Royal Theatre intends to perform this work, and would like to use your music"
March 1(?), 1926 - Helsinki - Departs for Italy, via Berlin (Stettin, Berlin, Munich, Innsbruck, Verona, Bologna, Florence, Rome, Naples, Capri, Rome
March 16, 1926 - (While on his way to Italy) - Premiere of his incidental music for a prodution of Shakespeare's "The Tempest" at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen
April(?) 1(?), 1926 - Rome, Italy - Visit to Rome with Walter von Konow
April 15, 1926 - Capri, Italy - Visit to the Island of Capri with Walter von Konow
April 29, 1926 - Berlin, Germany - Letter to Aino: "In the music shops I study modern German and French music"
May 1(?), 1926 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland (via Rome, Florence, Bologna, Verona, Innsbruck, Munich, Berlin, Stettin)
September 27, 1926 - Ainola - Sibelius finishes "Tapiola"
September 30(?), 1926 - Helsinki - Departs for Copenhagen - last concert abroad
October 20(?), 1926 - Helsinki - Returns to Finland
December 16, 1926 - (While in Ainola, Järvenpää) - Premiere of "Tapiola" in New York, conducted by Walter Damrosch
January 1(?), 1927 - Helsinki - Departs for Paris with Aino (Helsinki, Turku, Stockholm, Malmo, Trelleborg, Sassnitz, Stralsund, Berlin, Hannover, Cologne, Reims, Paris - return via Berlin and Stettin)
February(?) 1(?), 1927 - Paris, France - Arrives in Paris with Aino
April 1(?), 1927 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland
April 25, 1927 - Helsinki - First performance of "Tapiola" in Finland, conducted by Robert Kajanus
February 1(?), 1928 - Helsinki - Departs for Berlin (via Turku, Stockholm, Malmö, Trelleborg, Sassnitz, Stralsund, Berlin)
February 8(?), 1928 - Berlin, Germany - Arrives in Berlin
March 1(?), 1928 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland via Stettin
September 1(?), 1928 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Back in Ainola
July 7, 1930 - Helsinki, Finland - Sibelius and Aino attend a Lapua demonstration in Helsinki
April 1(?), 1931 - Helsinki - Departs to Berlin to write his 8th symphony
May 1(?), 1931 - Berlin, Germany - Letter to Aino: "The Symphony (8th) is advancing with rapid strides"
June 12, 1931 - Berlin - Telegram to Aino asking her to send him money for the return trip
June 25(?), 1931 - Helsinki, Finland - Returns to Finland via Stettin
May 4, 1934 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Diary: "Our coarseness—which has increased to an alarming degree since they demolished everything Swedish—our conceit over these sporting  events. Uneducated, our claims to civilization are in their infancy—everything shows the language squabbling"
January(?) 1(?), 1935 - Ainola - Sibelius is interviewed by Harry Rogers Pratt for the "New York Times"
January(?) 1(?), 1936 - Ainola - Robert Kajanus's wife Ella returns the score of "Karelia suite" to Sibelius
June(?) 1(?), 1936 - Ainola - Meets "New York Times" music critic Olin Downes
October 27, 1936 - (While in Ainola) - Performance of "The Wood Nymph" in Helsinki
January 1, 1939 - Helsinki, Finland - Sibelius participates in an international radio broadcast that includes him conducting his Andante Festivo. The performance is preserved on transcription discs and later issued on CD
Sibelius, 1939
July 31, 1939 - 
Ainola - Visit by the student and composer Gardner Read
November 30, 1939 - Ainola - Finland is attacked by the Soviet Union
December 8, 1939 - Ainola - Visited by the conductor and pianist Martti Similä on his birthday
April(?) 1(?), 1940 - Helsinki, Finland - Spends one year in Helsinki after the Winter War
January(?) 1(?), 1941 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Sibelius and Aino move back to Ainola because of the risk of bombing by the Soviet Union
January(?) 1(?) 1942 - Ainola - SS war reporter Anton Kloss interviews Sibelius for "Deutsche Zeitung im Osten", a Nazi publication
September 30, 1943 - Ainola - Sibelius hears a performance of Vaughan Williams's 5th symphony dedicated to him, broadcast on wireless from Stockholm
October 9, 1944 - Ainola - Interview with Eliot Elisofon for TIME magazine
January(?) 1(?), 1945 - Ainola - Sibelius burns the score of his 8th Symphony and "Karelia Suite", and abandons creative composing
August 30(?), 1945 - Ainola - Sibelius informs his secretary that the 8th Symphony was burned
December 6, 1948 - Ainola - Interview with Kalevi Kilpi for radio broadcast
January(?) 1(?), 1951 - Ainola - Sibelius declines an invitation to compose music for the Royal Philarmonic Society to mark the 1951 Festival of Britain
June 18, 1954 - Ainola - Sir Thomas Beecham visits Sibelius at Ainola
September 20, 1957 - Ainola, Järvenpää - Jean Sibelius dies of a brain haemorrhage, aged 91 =(END)