Monday, 10 July 2017

Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) | Timeline

Ferdinand Magellan (PortugueseFernão de Magalhães, c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. (Intro from Wikipedia)

January(?) 1(?), 1480 - Porto, Portugal - Fernão de Magalhães is born
January(?) 1(?), 1490 - Lisbon(?) - After the death of his parents, Fernão becomes Page of Queen Leonor
March 25, 1505 - Lisbon - Fernão de Magalhães departs to India in a fleet of 22 ships sent to host Dom(*) Francisco de Almeida as the first viceroy of Portuguese India =(START)
March 29, 1505 - Off Madeira Island - The fleet sails off Madeira Island
April 6, 1505 - Cape Verde Islands - The Armada sails through the Cape Verde Islands
April 9, 1505 - Porto de Ale (Petite-Côte, SE Dakar) - The Armada makes a brief stop at Porto de Ale to resupply
April 15, 1505 - Porto de Ale (Petite-Côte, SE Dakar) - Francisco de Almeida resumes voyage and divides his Armada in two squadrons
April 20, 1505 - Line of the Equator - The fleet crosses the Line of the Equator
May 5, 1505 - South Atlantic Ocean - One of the ships in Almeida's squadron, the "Bella", springs a leak and begins to founder. The crew and cargo are distributed among other ships. After Almeida sends the faster squadron ahead, his slower squadron is now reduced to 12 ships
May 18, 1505 - Six ships under Pêro de Anaia, considered a third squadron, set out to Sofala
June 26, 1505 - Cape of Good Hope - Francisco de Almeida's squadron doubles the Cape of Good Hope with some difficulty, meeting a violent storm on the other side, during which some ships are separated
July 3(?), 1505 - Primeiras Islands, SW Angoche, Mozambique - Almeida arrives to the Primeiras Islands and waits for the remaining ships
July 18, 1505 - Primeiras Islands, SW Angoche, Mozambique - Almeida's squadron is reassembled. Of the 12 ships in his squadron, Almeida finds himself missing only two ships. Hearing nothing about the other squadron, Almeida decides to press on and sets sail north to Quiloa
July 23, 1505 - Quiloa (Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania) - Almeida arrives on the island-state of Quiloa with 8 ships. Without receiving the annual tribute owed to the King of Portugal, he lands 500 soldiers and takes Quiloa without opposition. A Fortress is built
August 8, 1505 - Quiloa (Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania) - One of the missing ships of Almeida's squadron, the "Botafogo", arrives in Quiloa harbour and rejoins the others. He leaves instructions behind for the other squadron and departs from Quiloa, wary of the monsoon timing
August 13, 1505 - Mombasa - Almeida's fleet menacingly anchors before the island-city of Mombasa. Almeida sends out an ultimatum to Mombasa, offering peace in return for vassalship and tribute to Portugal. 
August 14, 1505 - Mombasa - After the offer is rejected, the portuguese bombard and sack the city, taking 200 women slaves.
August 27, 1505 - Mombasa - After sending news and his respects to the city of Mailindi, Almeida sets sail for India with 14 ships
September 13, 1505 - Angediva Island, India - Almeida alights on the Indian coast at the island of Anjediva. As per the orders received in Lisbon, Almeida immediately begins the construction of a Portuguese fortress on the island – Fort São Miguel of Angediva. He also erects the Church of Our Lady of Springs (Nossa Senhora das Brotas) 
October 16, 1505 - Angediva Island - Almeida departs to Honnavar (Rio de Onor), the homebase of the Hindu corsair known as Timoja (or Timaya), who had caused some trouble to earlier armadas, and whom Almeida feared might yet cause trouble for Anjediva
October 18, 1505 - Rio de Onor (Honnavar, India) - Almeida believes his suspicious are confirmed when he sees a significant number of Arab ships, alongside Timoja's own, in Onor harbour. Almeida accuses Onor's rulers of breaking the proferred truce and orders an attack on the port city. Resistance is fierce, but the Portuguese manage to sack and burn the harbour and break into the city. As they approach the palace, the governor pleads for peace. Almeida, who had been wounded in the process, suspends the fighting. In the aftermath, the corsair Timoja and the governor of Onor agree to swear an oath of vassalage and promise not to molest the Portuguese in Anjediva
October 24, 1505 - Rio de Onor (Honnavar, India) - Almeida sails south to Cannanore.
October 27(?), 1505 - Cannanore - Arrival at Cannanore. Almeida visits the portuguese factory there and secures permission from the Kolathiri Raja of Cannanore to build a portuguese fort in the city
October 30, 1505 - Cannanore - Almeida sets sail to Cochin
November 1, 1505 - Cochin - Francisco de Almeida (and Ferdinand Magellan) arrive in Cochin
December 1, 1505 - Cochin - Almeida is informed that the portuguese in Quilon (Kollam) were massacred. He sends his son Lourenço de Almeida with 6 ships there,  reinforces Fort Manuel at Cochin and delivers a golden crown as a gift from King Manuel I of Portugal to the King of Cochin
March 1(?), 1506 - Cannanore - Magellan participates in the Battle of Cannanore, against forces of Calicut, Gujarat and ottoman turks - Portuguese victory
November 1(?), 1506 - Cochin(?) - Magellan is sent with Nuno Vaz Pereira to Quiloa and Sofala, in the eastern coast of Africa
November 25(?), 1506 - Melinde (Mailindi, Kenya) - Nuno Vaz Pereira takes Mailindi
December 15(?), 1506 - Quiloa (Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania) - Nuno Vaz Pereira reaches Quiloa
September 9, 1507 - Sofala, Mozambique - Sets sail back to Cochin with Nuno Vaz Pereira
March 1(?), 1508 - Chaul - Mamelukes of Egypt and gujaratis defeat a portuguese force in the Battle of Chaul.
November 25, 1508 - Cochin - Almeida sets sail to Diu, via Cannanore (again with Magellan)
December 4, 1508 - Cannanore - Arrival at Cannanore. Albuquerque's ships are greeted by the Viceroy aboard the "Frol de la Mar" and other vessels
December 9, 1508 - Cannanore - Sails for Diu
December 29, 1508 - Dabul (Dabhol) - On his way to Diu, Francisco de Almeida defeats a combined fleet of the Kingdom of Cambay. After bombarding Dabul, portuguese soldiers land, slaughter and burn everyone in the town, in the bloodiest episode in Portuguese India (together with Vasco da Gama's destruction of a hajj pilgrim ship)
January 5, 1509 - Dabul (Dabhol) - Francisco de Almeida departs to Diu
February 3, 1509 - Diu - Great Battle of Diu - Decisive portuguese victory over an alliance of ottoman turks, mamelukes, gujaratis, venetians and ragusans
August 18, 1509 - Cochin - Magellan departs to Malacca with Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
September 8, 1509 - Pedir (Pidie, Sumatra) - Lopes de Sequeira arrives at Pedir and finds five junks in the port. A "Padrão" (**) is erected there
September 11, 1509 - Malacca, Malaysia - Magellan arrives at Malacca in the fleet of Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
January(?) 1(?), 1510 - near the Maldives - Magellan is shipwrecked at the Padua shoals and is forced to return to India in a feat of survivability
January 15(?), 1510 - Cannanore - Forced return to Cannanore
February 10, 1510 - Cannanore - Albuquerque sails to Angediva with 23 ships and 1,800 men, with intention of going to Socotra
March 1, 1510 - Goa - The fleet reaches the mouth of the Mandovi River
March 4, 1510 - Panaji, Goa - Albuquerque assaults and takes Panaji Fort, which controled the access to Goa. Goan officials submit the city to the portuguese on the next day
May 17, 1510 - Goa - Almost surrounded by 40,000 men and under daily cannon fire, Albuquerque embarks to leave Goa, however, the monsoon makes it impossible to leave Mandovi River
August 4(?), 1510 - Angediva Island, South Goa - Magellan joins Afonso de Albuquerque's Council as the portuguese Governor waits for more ships and men
August 25, 1510 - Cannanore - Albuquerque begins to issue "mandates" of payments from the "Frol de la Mar"
September 1(?), 1510 - Cannanore - Afonso de Albuquerque issues orders to give armament to Magellan
September 22, 1510 - Cannanore - Last Albuquerque "mandate" issued from Cannanore
September 28, 1510 - Cochin - Albuquerque "Mandate" issued from Cochin
October 2, 1510 - Cochin - Magellan spends 200 "cruzados" in a business
October 10, 1510 - Cochin - Council at Cochin: Magellan gives advices to Afonso de Albuquerque against another attack on Goa
November 20, 1510 - Goa - Albuquerque reappears in the Mandovi River with his fleet
November 25, 1510 - Goa - Capture of Goa. During the next 3 days, 6,000 "moors" are killed
December 10, 1510 - Goa - Final surrender of Ismail Adil Shah and his ottoman allies. Goa is captured
April 20, 1511 - Goa - Afonso de Albuquerque sets sail to Malacca. Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) goes on the expedition
July 25, 1511 - Malacca - The first assault to Malacca fails
August 15, 1511 - Malacca - Conquest of Malacca, which ends the muslim and venetian trade
October 25, 1511 - Malacca - The portuguese complete the construction of a Fortress at Malacca, the "famous" (A Famosa)
November 5, 1511 - Malacca - Magellan departs Malacca for the Maluku Islands aboard António de Abreu's caravel "Santa Cruz". The "Sabaia", a captured goan ship and another caravel also sail under Abreu's command
January(?) 1(?), 1512 - Buru | Ambon, Malukku Islands - Reconnaissance of the Malukku Islands
February(?) 1(?), 1512 - Gugegule, SE tip of Seram, Banda Islands - António de Abreu (and Magellan) winter at Gulegule due to the monsoon
July(?) 1(?), 1512 - Banda Island - After loading the ships at Banda with spices, Abreu and Magellan set sail back to Malacca
August(?) 1(?), 1512 - Banda Sea(?) - During a storm, the fourth ship of the fleet, a junk who had joined them at Banda, sinks. The portuguese survivors reach Ternate where they settle for the rest of their lives
September 1(?), 1512 - Malacca - Abreu's surviving two ships return to Malacca
January 11, 1513 - Malacca - Magellan departs Malacca for Cochin aboard the caravel "Santa Cruz". The ships "Anunciada" and "Santo António" also sail for Cochin
February 10, 1513 - Cochin - Magellan reaches Cochin aboard António de Abreu's "Santa Cruz", then continues to Portugal
July(?) 1(?), 1513 - Lisbon, Portugal - Magellan returns to Lisbon, apparently rich (speculative date)
August 17, 1513 - Lisbon - Magellan sails for Azamor (Azemmour) on the expedition of D.Jaime, Duke of Braganza. The Armada consisted of 400 ships and 18,000 men (including 2,450 on horse). Martim 13-year-old Martim Afonso de Sousa, future governor of Portuguese India, may have gone with the expedition
August 28, 1513 - Mazagão (El Jadida, Morocco) - The armada reaches Mazagão (El Jadida). The army lands and the battle for Azamor begins
September 1, 1513 - Azamor (Azemmour, Morocco) - During the fight, Magellan is wounded on the knee, resulting in a permanent limp, and his horse killed with a spear. The portuguese win the battle of Azamor
September 2, 1513 - Azamor - The Duke of Braganza enters Azamor without resistance
March 29, 1514 - Azamor - Magellan writes to King Manuel I in order to have him pay in full the value of his horse
May 15, 1514 - Azamor - Magellan loses influence, accused of illegal trade and of being absent
September 4, 1514 - While in Azamor - King Manuel orders the payment of 200 "cruzados" to Magellan at Ponte de Lima, when he returns to Portugal
November 1(?), 1514 - Lisbon, Portugal - Returns to Lisbon 
July 4, 1515 - Lisbon - Magellan receives a letter from his friend Francisco Serrão in Ambon Island (written in 1514). He the passes power of attorney to his brother Duarte de Sousa so that he receives the amount of the debt that would be paid to him in Ponte de Lima (of which there is receipt of the payment dated of November 24, 1516)
July 20(?), 1515 - Azamor (Azemmour), SW Casablanca - Returns to Azamor to to gather proof of his innocence
March 30(?), 1516 - Lisbon, Portugal - Returns to Lisbon
April 15, 1516 - Santarém, Portugal - Magellan had already had an increase in his house, according to another order of King Manuel, to be paid 14,050 "reais" of his horseman's residence, at the rate of 1,250 "réis" per month plus a bushel of barley for the last 6 months of the year 1515 and the first 3 of this year he served in Azamor
April 24, 1516 - Lisbon - Letter to Francisco Serrão in Ambon Island. As the relations with King Manuel sour, Magellan asks his friend to wait for him because he would return to the Malukku Islands either under portuguese or spanish flag
January(?) 1(?), 1517 - Lisbon - Magellan asks for and is refused housing increase of 100 "réis"
May 19, 1517 - Lisbon - Receives the rest of the money owed to him
October 20, 1517 - Seville - Magellan arrives in Seville
October 28, 1517 - Seville - Magellan contacts the overseer of the "House of Contratación", to present a project to the Spanish King
December 28, 1517 - Seville - Magellan marries Beatriz Barbosa and decides to live in Seville
February 23, 1518 - Valladolid - Magellan signs a contract with the Spanish Crown. He meets Bartolomé de las Casas, who writes a physical description of the Portuguese navigator =(crossofburgundyflag)
March 2, 1518 - Valladolid - 
Magellan presents Charles V with a credible perspective of the Moluccas' location and manages to convince the monarch to support his very costly and risky project
March 22, 1518 - Seville - Charles V appoints Magellan and Faleiro as captains on the expedition to the Indies in July
October 22, 1518 - Seville - Magellan has four flags bearing his arms placed on the capstans (mechanism for lifting weights), while the "Trinidad" was being prepared. This causes an incident when several spaniards accuse him of putting the weapons of the King of Portugal there
October 24, 1518 - Seville - Letter to Charles V complaining about the incident with the flags bearing his arms
August 10, 1519 - Seville - Magellan sets sail from Sevilla and descends the Guadalquivir River, staying for five more weeks at Sanlúcar de Barrameda
August 24, 1519 - Seville - Signs his Last will and Testament
September 20, 1519 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain - Magellan sets sail for the Atlantic Ocean
September 26, 1519 - Tenerife,  Canary Islands - Anchor at Tenerife to load more provisions and freshwater
October 1, 1519 - Tenerife - A crewman abandons the fleet but another four join Magellan. The fleet weighs anchor on the next day
November 20, 1519 - Line of the Equator - The line of the Equator is crossed
November 29, 1519 - In sight of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Magellan arrives in Brazil and sights Cabo Frio (Cold Cape)
December 13, 1519 - Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro - Magellan's expedition stays for two weeks resting at Guanabara Bay
December 20, 1519 - Guanabara Bay - Crewman Antonio Salomón is tried and executed for homossexual practices
December 27, 1519 - Guanabara Bay - Magellan departs Guanabara Bay
January 10, 1520 - River Plate - Magellan heads south convinced that River Plate is not the passage he is looking for
February 27, 1520 - Off Puerto Deseado - Magellan passes the Deseado river and sails south. Seals and Sea Lions are hunted on a small island
March 31, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - Magellan anchors at San Julián
April 3, 1520 - Puerto San Julián - Mutiny during two days in one of the ships
April 7, 1520 - Puerto San Julián - After justice is done with the mutineers, Magellan decides to spend the winter there
August 24, 1520 - Puerto San Julián - Magellan weighs anchor and continues his voyage with four ships
October 21, 1520 - Cape Virgenes - Magellan seeks the entrance of the Strait to the Pacific. A storm helps him
November 11, 1520 - Strait of Magellan - Magellan enters the Strait that was named after him
November 28, 1520 - Pacific Ocean - Magellan reaches the end of the Strait
January 24, 1521 - Puka-Puka, French Polynesia - Landfall on an uninhabited island which Magellan names St.Paul
January 28, 1521 - Puka-Puka, French Polynesia - Magellan continues voyage
March 6, 1521 - Guam Island - Magellan reaches Guam after the long Pacific Ocean crossing
March 17, 1521 - Suluan and Homonhon Islands, Philippines - Arrival at the first islands of the Philippines. Magellan anchors at both in the same day
April 7, 1521 - Island of Cebu, Philippines - Magellan is guided by indigenous boats to the Island of Cebu
April 27, 1521 - Mactan Island, Philippines - Magellan is killed by lapu-lapu indians in Mactan Island, near Cebu City =(END)

(*) Dom, abreviation, D. - a portuguese equivalent of the british "Sir"/"Dame"
(**) A padrão was a marble marker, about fifteen feet high, bearing the coat of arms of the Portuguese Crown; these were setup in many parts of Asia and Africa as symbols of discovery and possession)

Bibliography
GARCIA, José Manuel - "O Terrível - A grande biografia de Afonso de Albuquerque", 2017

2 comments:

  1. Good, very good post about a great sailor.
    Congratulations to the author.

    ReplyDelete