Note: Until he meets Magellan, the details we known about Elcano's life are vague. We know that he served Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba in Italy and Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros in North Africa. Without sufficient details to reconstruct the first part of his life in detail, we presume that Elcano was present during the two whole campaigns referred above, until new informations appear in future books we may acquire.
January(?) 1(?), 1476 - Getaria, Basque Country - Juan Sebastián Elcano is born
March 30, 1495 - Cartagena | Alicante - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba departs to Sicily, with 60 ships, 6000 soldiers and 700 knights. The spanish expedition includes young Elcano =(START)
May 24, 1495 - Messina, Sicily - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba arrives in the port of Messina
May 26, 1495 - Calabria, Kingdom of Naples - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba crosses to mainland Italy
June 28, 1495 - Seminara, Kingdom of Naples - Battle of Seminara - French Victory. The defeat makes Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba invent the mixed "pike and shot army" (which would be invencible until 1643)
July(?) 1(?), 1495 - Reggio Calabria - Fernández de Córdoba falls back to Reggio Calabria
July 23, 1496 - Atella, Basilicata - Spanish forces under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba capture Atella after a siege. Among the prisoners is the French viceroy of Naples, the Comte de Montpensier. Ferdinand II of Naples is restored to his throne and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba begins being called "the Great Captain"
October 7, 1496 - (While in the Kingdom of Naples) - Ferdinand of Naples dies
February 15(?), 1497 - Rome, Italy - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba arrives in Rome
February 18(?), 1497 - Rome - After three days in Rome, he departs to besiege Ostia
March 15, 1497 - Ostia - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba defeats a lingering french garrison in Ostia
March(?) 20(?), 1497 - Rome, Italy - In Rome for a few days while Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba meets fellow spaniard, Pope Alexander VI
May 1(?), 1497 - Rocca Guillermo, near River Garellano - On his march back to Naples, Fernández de Córdoba takes Rocca Guillermo, a fortress on the river Garellano, defended by Andrea Doria
May 15(?), 1497 - (While in Naples) - Ferdinand and Isabella write to Fernández de Córdoba from Burgos, congratulating "our captain general in the Kingdom of Naples" on the completion of his task and ordering him to return to Spain
June 1(?), 1497 - (While in Naples) - Secret Letter from Ferdinand II, a letter that delays Fernández de Córdoba's return to Spain as troops begin sailing home. For another year, the "Great Captain" stays in Naples and Sicily resolving postwar problems, attending council meetings and seeing to the fortifications of cities, towns and castles on the coast
August(?) 1(?), 1498 - Sicily - Departs to Spain in the "Summer"
September(?) 1(?), 1498(?) - Zaragoza - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba arrives in Spain and goes directly to Zaragoza, where he is met by nobles, prelates, courtiers and a great multitude who escorts him to the palace where King Ferdinand was waiting for him. He is embraced and praised by both Catholic Monarchs
October(?) 1(?), 1498(?) - Getaria, Basque Country(?) - Elcano might have gone to Getaria while Fernández de Córdoba returned to his family in Illora
March 8, 1500 - Huejar - Fall of Huejar - King Ferdinand sends instructions that the entire garrison was to be put to the sword, the women and children sold as slaves in Granada, and the attacking army left free to pillage
March 18, 1500 - Lanjarón - King Ferdinand personally leads the assault to Lanjarón. Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba asks to make 33 hostages, but can't do anything as the rest has the same destiny as the garrison of Huejar
June 4, 1500 - Málaga - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba departs to Sicily with 57 ships
June 21, 1500 - Palma de Mallorca - The Great Captain with his men walk in the Blessed Sacrament procession at Palma
July 18, 1500 - Messina - Fernández de Córdoba and the fleet attive in Messina, but this time the sicilians refuse to quarter the troops
August 17, 1500 - Messina - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba offers his forces to aid Venice
September 1(?), 1500 - Messina - An ambassador from Pope Alexander VI brings Gonzalo a letter asking him to proceed with the armada to join forces with the venetians against the turks, who were ready to sail up the Adriatic to attack Venice
September 27, 1500 - Messina - Departs for the western coasts of Greece, where the turkish squadrons were lying
October 2, 1500 - Corfu, Greece - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba reaches Corfu
November 8, 1500 - Island of Cephalonia, Greece - Spanish-Venetian forces put siege to the castle of St.George in Cephalonia
December 24, 1500 - Island of Cephalonia - The spanish-venetian forces capture the turkish stronghold of Cephalonia
January 7, 1501 - Sicily - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba returns to Sicily with the fleet
March 1(?), 1501 - Kingdom of Naples - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba penetrates into the Kingdom of Naples by the south
March 1, 1502 - Taranto, Italy - Taranto surrenders to Fernández de Córdoba (Both french and spanish occupy their part of the Kingdom of Naples)
June 22, 1502 - Naples(?) - Gonzalo de Córdoba meets with the Duke of Nemours
September 13, 1502 - (While in Naples(?)) - King Ferdinand declares WAR against France!
February 21, 1503 - Barletta - Gonzalo de Córdoba receives a letter from King Ferdinand
February 23, 1503 - Ruvo, Apulia - Battle of Ruvo - Spanish victory
April 28, 1503 - Cerignola, Apulia - Battle of Cerignola - Decisive Spanish Victory (The first battle won mostly by firearms)
May 16, 1503 - Naples - Triumphal entry into Naples
December 28, 1503 - Near Gaeta, Italy - Battle of Garigliano - Decisive spanish victory in the last battle commanded by Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, the "Great Captain", but his legacy endured until 1643
January 1, 1504 - Gaeta, Italy - The fortress of Gaeta surrenders to Fernández de Córdoba
January 5(?), 1504 - Naples - The Spanish army returns to Naples
March 2, 1504 - Castelnuovo, Naples - Fernández de Córdoba receives a letter from the Catholic Monarchs about the general political guidelines to follow in Naples, specially the help to the Pope against Cesare Borgia
April(?) 1(?), 1504 - Castelnuovo, Naples(?) - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba is appointed Viceroy of Naples
November 7, 1506 - Naples - King Ferdinand arrives in Naples =(crossofburgundyflag)
February 25, 1507 - Naples(?) - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba is dismissed as Viceroy of Naples
March 30, 1495 - Cartagena | Alicante - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba departs to Sicily, with 60 ships, 6000 soldiers and 700 knights. The spanish expedition includes young Elcano =(START)
May 24, 1495 - Messina, Sicily - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba arrives in the port of Messina
May 26, 1495 - Calabria, Kingdom of Naples - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba crosses to mainland Italy
June 28, 1495 - Seminara, Kingdom of Naples - Battle of Seminara - French Victory. The defeat makes Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba invent the mixed "pike and shot army" (which would be invencible until 1643)
July(?) 1(?), 1495 - Reggio Calabria - Fernández de Córdoba falls back to Reggio Calabria
July 23, 1496 - Atella, Basilicata - Spanish forces under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba capture Atella after a siege. Among the prisoners is the French viceroy of Naples, the Comte de Montpensier. Ferdinand II of Naples is restored to his throne and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba begins being called "the Great Captain"
October 7, 1496 - (While in the Kingdom of Naples) - Ferdinand of Naples dies
February 15(?), 1497 - Rome, Italy - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba arrives in Rome
February 18(?), 1497 - Rome - After three days in Rome, he departs to besiege Ostia
March 15, 1497 - Ostia - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba defeats a lingering french garrison in Ostia
March(?) 20(?), 1497 - Rome, Italy - In Rome for a few days while Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba meets fellow spaniard, Pope Alexander VI
May 1(?), 1497 - Rocca Guillermo, near River Garellano - On his march back to Naples, Fernández de Córdoba takes Rocca Guillermo, a fortress on the river Garellano, defended by Andrea Doria
May 15(?), 1497 - (While in Naples) - Ferdinand and Isabella write to Fernández de Córdoba from Burgos, congratulating "our captain general in the Kingdom of Naples" on the completion of his task and ordering him to return to Spain
June 1(?), 1497 - (While in Naples) - Secret Letter from Ferdinand II, a letter that delays Fernández de Córdoba's return to Spain as troops begin sailing home. For another year, the "Great Captain" stays in Naples and Sicily resolving postwar problems, attending council meetings and seeing to the fortifications of cities, towns and castles on the coast
August(?) 1(?), 1498 - Sicily - Departs to Spain in the "Summer"
September(?) 1(?), 1498(?) - Zaragoza - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba arrives in Spain and goes directly to Zaragoza, where he is met by nobles, prelates, courtiers and a great multitude who escorts him to the palace where King Ferdinand was waiting for him. He is embraced and praised by both Catholic Monarchs
October(?) 1(?), 1498(?) - Getaria, Basque Country(?) - Elcano might have gone to Getaria while Fernández de Córdoba returned to his family in Illora
March 8, 1500 - Huejar - Fall of Huejar - King Ferdinand sends instructions that the entire garrison was to be put to the sword, the women and children sold as slaves in Granada, and the attacking army left free to pillage
March 18, 1500 - Lanjarón - King Ferdinand personally leads the assault to Lanjarón. Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba asks to make 33 hostages, but can't do anything as the rest has the same destiny as the garrison of Huejar
June 4, 1500 - Málaga - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba departs to Sicily with 57 ships
June 21, 1500 - Palma de Mallorca - The Great Captain with his men walk in the Blessed Sacrament procession at Palma
July 18, 1500 - Messina - Fernández de Córdoba and the fleet attive in Messina, but this time the sicilians refuse to quarter the troops
August 17, 1500 - Messina - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba offers his forces to aid Venice
September 1(?), 1500 - Messina - An ambassador from Pope Alexander VI brings Gonzalo a letter asking him to proceed with the armada to join forces with the venetians against the turks, who were ready to sail up the Adriatic to attack Venice
September 27, 1500 - Messina - Departs for the western coasts of Greece, where the turkish squadrons were lying
October 2, 1500 - Corfu, Greece - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba reaches Corfu
November 8, 1500 - Island of Cephalonia, Greece - Spanish-Venetian forces put siege to the castle of St.George in Cephalonia
December 24, 1500 - Island of Cephalonia - The spanish-venetian forces capture the turkish stronghold of Cephalonia
January 7, 1501 - Sicily - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba returns to Sicily with the fleet
March 1(?), 1501 - Kingdom of Naples - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba penetrates into the Kingdom of Naples by the south
March 1, 1502 - Taranto, Italy - Taranto surrenders to Fernández de Córdoba (Both french and spanish occupy their part of the Kingdom of Naples)
June 22, 1502 - Naples(?) - Gonzalo de Córdoba meets with the Duke of Nemours
September 13, 1502 - (While in Naples(?)) - King Ferdinand declares WAR against France!
February 21, 1503 - Barletta - Gonzalo de Córdoba receives a letter from King Ferdinand
February 23, 1503 - Ruvo, Apulia - Battle of Ruvo - Spanish victory
 |
| Battle of Cerignola, February 23, 1503 |
May 16, 1503 - Naples - Triumphal entry into Naples
December 28, 1503 - Near Gaeta, Italy - Battle of Garigliano - Decisive spanish victory in the last battle commanded by Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, the "Great Captain", but his legacy endured until 1643
January 1, 1504 - Gaeta, Italy - The fortress of Gaeta surrenders to Fernández de Córdoba
January 5(?), 1504 - Naples - The Spanish army returns to Naples
March 2, 1504 - Castelnuovo, Naples - Fernández de Córdoba receives a letter from the Catholic Monarchs about the general political guidelines to follow in Naples, specially the help to the Pope against Cesare Borgia
April(?) 1(?), 1504 - Castelnuovo, Naples(?) - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba is appointed Viceroy of Naples
November 7, 1506 - Naples - King Ferdinand arrives in Naples =(crossofburgundyflag)
February 25, 1507 - Naples(?) - Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba is dismissed as Viceroy of Naples
May 16, 1509 - Cartagena - A fleet of 80 ships and 10 galleys carrying up to 12,000 infantrymen and 4,000 cavalrymen departs to Algeria under the command of Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros and Pedro Navarro. Elcano participates with his 200-ton ship
May 17, 1509 - Mers el Kebir, Algeria - The army spends the night in Mers el Kebir
May 18, 1509 - Oran, Algeria - The christians storm the City of Oran, with ships and ground assault. 4,000 defenders are killed to just 30 christians
May 20, 1509 - Oran, Algeria - Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros enters the city
January(?) 1(?), 1518 - Seville - Establishes himself in Sevilla, where he meets Ferdinand Magellan
August 10, 1519 - Seville - Magellan sets sail from Sevilla and descends the Guadalquivir River, staying for five more weeks at Sanlúcar de Barrameda. Juan Sebastián Elcano is the master of the "Concepción", under command of Gaspar de Quesada
September 20, 1519 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain - Magellan sets sail for the Atlantic Ocean
September 26, 1519 - Canary Islands - Passage through the Canary Islands
November 29, 1519 - In sight of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Magellan arrives in Brazil and sights Cabo Frio (Cold Cape)
December 13, 1519 - Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro - Magellan's expedition stays for two weeks resting at Guanabara Bay
December 27, 1519 - Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro - Magellan departs from Guanabara Bay
January 10, 1520 - River Plate - Magellan heads south convinced that River Plate is not the passage he is looking for
March 31, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - Magellan anchors at San Julián
April 3, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - Mutiny during two days in one of the ships
April 7, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - After justice is done with the mutineers, Magellan decides to spend the winter there
August 24, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - Magellan weighs anchor and continues his voyage with four ships
October 21, 1520 - Cape Virgenes - Magellan seeks the entrance of the Strait to the Pacific. A storm helps him
November 11, 1520 - Strait of Magellan - Magellan enters the Strait that was named after him
November 28, 1520 - Pacific Ocean - Magellan reaches the end of the Strait
January 24, 1521 - Puka-Puka, French Polynesia - Landfall on an uninhabited island which Magellan names St.Paul
January 28, 1521 - Puka-Puka, French Polynesia - Magellan continues voyage
March 6, 1521 - Guam Island - Magellan reaches Guam after the long Pacific Ocean crossing
March 17, 1521 - Suluan and Homonhon Islands, Philippines - Arrival at the first islands of the Philippines. Magellan anchors at both in the same day
April 7, 1521 - Island of Cebu, Philippines - Magellan is guided by indigenous boats to the Island of Cebu
April 27, 1521 - Mactan Island, Philippines - Magellan is killed by lapu-lapu indians in Mactan Island, near Cebu City. Fellow portuguese Duarte Barbosa and the spanish Juan Serrano take joint command of the expedition
May 1, 1521 - Mactan Island - Joint commanders, Duarte Barbosa and Juan Serrano, among 25 others, are invited to a banquet by Rajah Humabon, who betrays them and kills them. The fourth in line of command was João Lopes de Carvalho, the pilot of the "Trinidad", also a portuguese
May 2, 1521 - Off Mactan Island, Philippines - The "Concepción" is burned down for lack of men
September 26, 1519 - Canary Islands - Passage through the Canary Islands
November 29, 1519 - In sight of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Magellan arrives in Brazil and sights Cabo Frio (Cold Cape)
December 13, 1519 - Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro - Magellan's expedition stays for two weeks resting at Guanabara Bay
December 27, 1519 - Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro - Magellan departs from Guanabara Bay
January 10, 1520 - River Plate - Magellan heads south convinced that River Plate is not the passage he is looking for
March 31, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - Magellan anchors at San Julián
April 3, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - Mutiny during two days in one of the ships
April 7, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - After justice is done with the mutineers, Magellan decides to spend the winter there
August 24, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - Magellan weighs anchor and continues his voyage with four ships
October 21, 1520 - Cape Virgenes - Magellan seeks the entrance of the Strait to the Pacific. A storm helps him
November 11, 1520 - Strait of Magellan - Magellan enters the Strait that was named after him
November 28, 1520 - Pacific Ocean - Magellan reaches the end of the Strait
January 24, 1521 - Puka-Puka, French Polynesia - Landfall on an uninhabited island which Magellan names St.Paul
January 28, 1521 - Puka-Puka, French Polynesia - Magellan continues voyage
March 6, 1521 - Guam Island - Magellan reaches Guam after the long Pacific Ocean crossing
March 17, 1521 - Suluan and Homonhon Islands, Philippines - Arrival at the first islands of the Philippines. Magellan anchors at both in the same day
April 7, 1521 - Island of Cebu, Philippines - Magellan is guided by indigenous boats to the Island of Cebu
 |
| Circumnavigation route, 1521-1522 |
May 1, 1521 - Mactan Island - Joint commanders, Duarte Barbosa and Juan Serrano, among 25 others, are invited to a banquet by Rajah Humabon, who betrays them and kills them. The fourth in line of command was João Lopes de Carvalho, the pilot of the "Trinidad", also a portuguese
May 2, 1521 - Off Mactan Island, Philippines - The "Concepción" is burned down for lack of men
May 21, 1521 - Palawan Island, W. of the Philippines - The "Victoria" and the "Trinidad" reach Palawan Island
July 8, 1521 - Brunei, Borneo Island - After leaving Palawan Island, the ships reach Brunei, in Borneo Island
August 15, 1521 - Banggi Island, Northern tip of Borneo - The ships turn back by the coast of Borneo to the island of Banggi, where they spend 42 days
September 21, 1521 - Banggi Island, Borneo - Elcano becomes the captain of the "Victoria"
November 6, 1521 - Maluku Islands - The "Victoria" and the "Trinidad" arrive to the Moluccas
November 8, 1521 - Tidore - Arrival at Tidore
December 18, 1521 - Maluku Islands - After filling the holds with a cargo of cloves and nutmeg, both ships prepare to leave. "Trinidad" springs a leak and is unable to be repaired. Lopes de Carvalho and 52 others stay with the ship hoping to return later
December 21, 1521 - Maluku Island - Elcano and the "Victoria" depart from the Moluccas alone
September 21, 1521 - Banggi Island, Borneo - Elcano becomes the captain of the "Victoria"
November 6, 1521 - Maluku Islands - The "Victoria" and the "Trinidad" arrive to the Moluccas
November 8, 1521 - Tidore - Arrival at Tidore
December 18, 1521 - Maluku Islands - After filling the holds with a cargo of cloves and nutmeg, both ships prepare to leave. "Trinidad" springs a leak and is unable to be repaired. Lopes de Carvalho and 52 others stay with the ship hoping to return later
December 21, 1521 - Maluku Island - Elcano and the "Victoria" depart from the Moluccas alone
December 29, 1521 - Buru Island, Maluku Island - Elcano sails from Buru Island to Timor
January 25, 1522 - Timor - Elcano reaches the island of Timor
January 25, 1522 - Timor - Elcano reaches the island of Timor
February 11, 1522 - Timor - Elcano sets sail to the Indian Ocean
March 18, 1522 - Île Amsterdam, Southern Indian Ocean - Elcano discovers Île Amsterdam but doesn't name it
April 6, 1522 - (While at the longitude of Madagascar) - The "Trinidad" under command of Espinosa sails from the Moluccas
May 22, 1522 - Cape of Good Hope - Elcano crosses the Cape of Good Hope
July 9, 1522 - Santiago, Cape Verde Islands - Elcano reaches Cape Verde, where he lies to the portuguese saying he came from the spanish territories in America
September 6, 1522 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain - The 18 survivors return to Spain aboard the "Victoria" after circumnavigating the World for the first time. Letter from Juan Sebastián de Elcano to Emperor Charles V reporting the circumnavigation and requesting various favors, because of his "discovery of the spice"
September 8, 1522 - Seville - The "Victoria" anchors at Seville and all cannons are unloaded
October 18, 1522 - Valladolid - Audience with Emperor Charles V
November(?) 1(?), 1522 - Valladolid - Elcano moves to Valladolid after the audience with Charles V. He gets romantically involved with Maria de Vidaurreta
January 23, 1523 - (While in Valladolid) - Royal provision from Carlos V in which 500 ducats are granted annually to Juan Sebastián Elcano
February 13, 1523 - (While in Valladolid) - Royal Certificate of pardon from Charles V to Juan Sebastián Elcano for selling a ship to foreigners
December 4, 1523 - (While in Valladolid) - Charles V's note to Juan Sebastián Elcano so that he comes to meet him with "the most" he could bring from those who arrived from the circumnavigation with him
December 18, 1523 - Valladolid - Letter from Charles V with instruction for the "Junta of Badajoz", a meeting between spanish and portuguese representatives about the possession of the Moluccas. Elcano is chose as one of the spanish representatives
April 13, 1524 - Badajoz - Junta of Badajoz - The Opinion of Hernando Columbus on whom the Moluccas belong
April 15, 1524 - Badajoz - Junta of Badajoz - The Opinions of Frier Tomás Durán, Sebastián Cabot and Juan Vespucci on whom the Moluccas belong
April 27, 1524 - Badajoz - Junta of Badajoz - The Opinion of the spanish astronomers on whom the Moluccas belong. Memorial of Hernando Columbus to the representatives in the Junta of Badajoz so that they declare the right of Charles V over the Moluccas
May 20, 1524 - (While in Badajoz) - Royal decree giving arms license to Juan Sebastián Elcano, Captain of the "Victoria", and two bodyguards. Elcano asked for it because some people (meaning Maria de Vidaurreta) "wanted him ill" and he feared for his life. Maria de Vidaurreta had a daughter with Elcano and was threatening him with death unless he faced his obligations
May 31, 1524 - Badajoz - Negociations with the portuguese about the Moluccas fail. Charles V decides to send another expedition to those Islands
October 25, 1524 - (While in Valladolid) - Royal note to the Council approving the plan of Juan Sebastián Elcano to take the navy to A Coruña and praising his services
April 15, 1525 - (While in A Coruña) - Note from Charles V to the officers of the "Casa de la Contratación" reiterating the grant of 500 ducats annually to Elcano
July 24, 1525 - A Coruña, Galicia, Spain - García Jofre de Loaísa departs to the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) with 7 ships and 450 men, Juan Sebastián Elcano (2nd in command) and the young Andrés de Urdaneta among them.
July 31, 1525 - Off Madeira Island - Jofre de Loaísa sails past Madeira Island
August 1, 1525 - Gomera, Canary Islands - The ships anchor at Gomera, Canary Islands
August 14, 1525 - Gomera, Canary Islands - Jofre de Loaísa departs from Gomera after 12 days supplying the ships
August 18, 1525 - near Cape Blanco (Ras Nouadhibou - Mauritania/Western Sahara) - The main mast of the flagship breaks
October 5, 1525 - Sierra Leone - A portuguese caravel appears and is almost taken. In the end, the portuguese accept to take letters to Spain
October 15, 1525 - Annobón Island, Gulf of Guinea - Landing at Annobón Island after a storm
November 19, 1525 - Coast of Brazil - The fleet reaches the Coast of Brazil, and change course to south
December 5, 1525 - Off Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro - The fleet sails past Cabo Frio (Cold Cape), Rio de Janeiro
December 19, 1525 - Cape of Santa Maria, Uruguay - The fleet sails past Cape Santa Maria, Uruguay
December 26, 1525 - East of River Plate - Jofre de Loaísa changes course to west
December 28, 1525 - Off River Plate - A storm damages a few ships. The flagship looses contact with the rest. The "San Gabriel" sails to find her
January 12, 1526 - Santa Cruz River, Argentina - The remaining 5 ships reach Santa Cruz River, 50ºS
January 14, 1526 - Gallegos River, Argentina - Elcano enters the Gallegos River estuary thinking it was the Strait of Magellan. In the low tide, the ships run aground
February 10, 1526 - Pedro de Vera, Captain of the "Anunciada" deserts the expedition and steers the ship in the opposite course, to reach the Moluccas by the Cape of Good Hope
February 13, 1526 - Santa Cruz River, Argentina - Jofre de Loaísa and Elcano return to Santa Cruz River to repair their ships
March 24, 1526 - Santa Cruz River, Argentina - With their ships repaired, Jofre de Loaísa and Elcano sail to the "Strait"
April 5, 1526 - Cape Virgenes - Jofre de Loaísa and Elcano sail past Cape Virgenes
April 8, 1526 - Strait of Magellan - Jofre de Loaísa and Elcano sail into the Strait of Magellan
May 26, 1526 - Exit of the Strait of Magellan - Jofre de Loaísa and Elcano sail into the Pacific Ocean and out of the Strait of Magellan after 48 days
June 2, 1526 - 50 leagues from Cape Deseado - Another storm, almost an hurricane
July 26, 1526 - Tropic of Capricorn - The ships cross the Tropic of Capricorn. Elcano, sick, writes is testament
July 30, 1526 - Pacific Ocean - García Jofre de Loaísa dies of malnutrition. Elcano, very sick, replaces him as commander
August 4, 1526 - Pacific Ocean - Juan Sebastian Elcano dies of malnutrition, not far from the Ladrones (Marshall) Islands, aged 39/40 =(END)
March 18, 1522 - Île Amsterdam, Southern Indian Ocean - Elcano discovers Île Amsterdam but doesn't name it
April 6, 1522 - (While at the longitude of Madagascar) - The "Trinidad" under command of Espinosa sails from the Moluccas
May 22, 1522 - Cape of Good Hope - Elcano crosses the Cape of Good Hope
July 9, 1522 - Santiago, Cape Verde Islands - Elcano reaches Cape Verde, where he lies to the portuguese saying he came from the spanish territories in America
September 6, 1522 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain - The 18 survivors return to Spain aboard the "Victoria" after circumnavigating the World for the first time. Letter from Juan Sebastián de Elcano to Emperor Charles V reporting the circumnavigation and requesting various favors, because of his "discovery of the spice"
September 8, 1522 - Seville - The "Victoria" anchors at Seville and all cannons are unloaded
October 18, 1522 - Valladolid - Audience with Emperor Charles V
November(?) 1(?), 1522 - Valladolid - Elcano moves to Valladolid after the audience with Charles V. He gets romantically involved with Maria de Vidaurreta
January 23, 1523 - (While in Valladolid) - Royal provision from Carlos V in which 500 ducats are granted annually to Juan Sebastián Elcano
February 13, 1523 - (While in Valladolid) - Royal Certificate of pardon from Charles V to Juan Sebastián Elcano for selling a ship to foreigners
December 4, 1523 - (While in Valladolid) - Charles V's note to Juan Sebastián Elcano so that he comes to meet him with "the most" he could bring from those who arrived from the circumnavigation with him
December 18, 1523 - Valladolid - Letter from Charles V with instruction for the "Junta of Badajoz", a meeting between spanish and portuguese representatives about the possession of the Moluccas. Elcano is chose as one of the spanish representatives
April 13, 1524 - Badajoz - Junta of Badajoz - The Opinion of Hernando Columbus on whom the Moluccas belong
April 15, 1524 - Badajoz - Junta of Badajoz - The Opinions of Frier Tomás Durán, Sebastián Cabot and Juan Vespucci on whom the Moluccas belong
April 27, 1524 - Badajoz - Junta of Badajoz - The Opinion of the spanish astronomers on whom the Moluccas belong. Memorial of Hernando Columbus to the representatives in the Junta of Badajoz so that they declare the right of Charles V over the Moluccas
May 20, 1524 - (While in Badajoz) - Royal decree giving arms license to Juan Sebastián Elcano, Captain of the "Victoria", and two bodyguards. Elcano asked for it because some people (meaning Maria de Vidaurreta) "wanted him ill" and he feared for his life. Maria de Vidaurreta had a daughter with Elcano and was threatening him with death unless he faced his obligations
May 31, 1524 - Badajoz - Negociations with the portuguese about the Moluccas fail. Charles V decides to send another expedition to those Islands
October 25, 1524 - (While in Valladolid) - Royal note to the Council approving the plan of Juan Sebastián Elcano to take the navy to A Coruña and praising his services
April 15, 1525 - (While in A Coruña) - Note from Charles V to the officers of the "Casa de la Contratación" reiterating the grant of 500 ducats annually to Elcano
July 24, 1525 - A Coruña, Galicia, Spain - García Jofre de Loaísa departs to the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) with 7 ships and 450 men, Juan Sebastián Elcano (2nd in command) and the young Andrés de Urdaneta among them.
July 31, 1525 - Off Madeira Island - Jofre de Loaísa sails past Madeira Island
August 1, 1525 - Gomera, Canary Islands - The ships anchor at Gomera, Canary Islands
August 14, 1525 - Gomera, Canary Islands - Jofre de Loaísa departs from Gomera after 12 days supplying the ships
August 18, 1525 - near Cape Blanco (Ras Nouadhibou - Mauritania/Western Sahara) - The main mast of the flagship breaks
October 5, 1525 - Sierra Leone - A portuguese caravel appears and is almost taken. In the end, the portuguese accept to take letters to Spain
October 15, 1525 - Annobón Island, Gulf of Guinea - Landing at Annobón Island after a storm
November 19, 1525 - Coast of Brazil - The fleet reaches the Coast of Brazil, and change course to south
December 5, 1525 - Off Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro - The fleet sails past Cabo Frio (Cold Cape), Rio de Janeiro
December 19, 1525 - Cape of Santa Maria, Uruguay - The fleet sails past Cape Santa Maria, Uruguay
December 26, 1525 - East of River Plate - Jofre de Loaísa changes course to west
December 28, 1525 - Off River Plate - A storm damages a few ships. The flagship looses contact with the rest. The "San Gabriel" sails to find her
January 12, 1526 - Santa Cruz River, Argentina - The remaining 5 ships reach Santa Cruz River, 50ºS
January 14, 1526 - Gallegos River, Argentina - Elcano enters the Gallegos River estuary thinking it was the Strait of Magellan. In the low tide, the ships run aground
February 10, 1526 - Pedro de Vera, Captain of the "Anunciada" deserts the expedition and steers the ship in the opposite course, to reach the Moluccas by the Cape of Good Hope
February 13, 1526 - Santa Cruz River, Argentina - Jofre de Loaísa and Elcano return to Santa Cruz River to repair their ships
March 24, 1526 - Santa Cruz River, Argentina - With their ships repaired, Jofre de Loaísa and Elcano sail to the "Strait"
April 5, 1526 - Cape Virgenes - Jofre de Loaísa and Elcano sail past Cape Virgenes
April 8, 1526 - Strait of Magellan - Jofre de Loaísa and Elcano sail into the Strait of Magellan
May 26, 1526 - Exit of the Strait of Magellan - Jofre de Loaísa and Elcano sail into the Pacific Ocean and out of the Strait of Magellan after 48 days
June 2, 1526 - 50 leagues from Cape Deseado - Another storm, almost an hurricane
July 26, 1526 - Tropic of Capricorn - The ships cross the Tropic of Capricorn. Elcano, sick, writes is testament
July 30, 1526 - Pacific Ocean - García Jofre de Loaísa dies of malnutrition. Elcano, very sick, replaces him as commander
August 4, 1526 - Pacific Ocean - Juan Sebastian Elcano dies of malnutrition, not far from the Ladrones (Marshall) Islands, aged 39/40 =(END)
Bibliography
PURCELL, Mary - "The great captain: Fernández de Córdoba", 1962
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