July 29, 1883 - Dova di Predappio, Forlì-Cesena, Kingdom of Italy - Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini is born
September(?) 1(?), 1892 - Faenza, Ravenna - 9-year-old Benito Mussolini is sent to the Salesian College in Faenza
September(?) 1(?), 1894 - Forlimpopoli, Forlì-Cesena - Transfers to the State School at Forlimpopoli
July 1(?), 1901 - Forlimpopoli - Qualifies as an elementary schoolmaster
December 1(?), 1901 - Forlimpopoli - Publishes a commentary on a russian novel in the supplement of a teacher's magazine
February 1(?), 1902 - Pieve Saliceto, Gualtieri Emilia - Mussolini leaves his parents' house to take the position of relief teacher at a tiny school at Pieve Saliceto
June 1(?), 1902 - Pieve Saliceto - His contract is not renewed, probably because of an affair he had with a soldier's wife
July 9, 1902 - Bern, Switzerland(?) - Emigrates to Switzerland to avoid compulsory military service
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| Police mugshot, 1903 |
October 1(?), 1903 - Dova di Predappio - After receiving news that his mother was sick, Mussolini returns to stay (until December) with her
December 1(?), 1903 - Lausanne, Switzerland(?) - Returns to Switzerland
March 1(?), 1904 - Lausanne - Ignores the summons of the Italian state to Bologna, where he had been condemned "in absentia" by a military court for evading his national duty
March 25, 1904 - Lausanne - Public debate between Mussolini and Alfredo Tagliatatela, a Protestant pastor
April 1(?), 1904 - While in Lausanne - The Rome liberal paper "La Tribuna" publishes a report describing Mussolini as the "grande duce" (major leader) of the local socialist group, after one of his conflicts with the police
April 11, 1904 - Geneva, Switzerland - Arrested again, for falsifying his papers
December 30, 1904 - Forlì, Emilia-Romagna - Returns to Italy to take advantage of an amnesty for desertion of the military. He joins the corps of the Bersaglieri (one of the conditions for his pardon was to serve in the army)
September 1(?), 1906 - Oneglia, Liguria - Leaves the military and returns to teaching
November 1(?), 1907 - Bologna - Upgrades his qualifications to teach French at secondary level by passing a test set by the University of Bologna
July 1(?), 1908 - Oneglia - Leaves his teaching position and is farewelled with a public banquet
January 22, 1909 - Trento, Südtirol (then in Austria-Hungary) - Arrives in the italian-speaking city of Trento to take the job of secretary of the local Chamber of Labor
August 29, 1909 - Rovereto, Südtirol - A mysterious theft is blamed on Mussolini, despite a lack of evidence. He is arrested and taken to jail at Rovereto, his abode is searched and his writings seized.
September 24, 1909 - Rovereto - Mussolini is tried out but acquitted
October(?) 1(?), 1909 - Forlì - The authorities take him to the italian border and he is forced to return to Forlì
January 9, 1910 - Forlì - Begins working as editor of the 4-page socialist weekly news sheet of Forlì. At the same time, he becomes Secretary of the local branch of the Socialist Party =(START)
January 20, 1910 - Forlì - His novel "The Cardinal's Mistress" starts being published as a serial book in the Trento Newspaper "Il Popolo" until May 11th
September 1, 1910 - Forlì - Mussolini and Rachele Guidi have thir first daughter, Edda Mussolini
April 1(?), 1911 - Forlì - On Mussolini's initiative, the Forlì branch of the Italian Socialist Party declares itself autonomous
September 23, 1911 - Forlì - Publishes his first article on the libyan question for "La Lotta di Classe"
October 14, 1911 - Forlì - Mussolini participates in a riot led by socialists, against the italian war in Libya. He denounces Italy's "imperialist war"
November 18, 1911 - Forlì - Mussolini goes on trial, where he defends himself (brilliantly) but the court is unmoved and sentences him to one year's imprisonment
March 12, 1912 - Forlì - Mussolini's term is reduced and he is released
July 8, 1912 - Reggio Emilia - Speaks at the Socialists' Thirteenth Party Congress in Reggio Emilia
October 1(?), 1912 - Apulia region, SE Italy - Tours the region of Apulia
December 1, 1912 - Milan - Takes over the editorship of "Avanti" newspaper, based in Milan
October 1(?), 1913 - Milan - Letter to Cesare Berti: "Here I work like a dog. I live in solitude. They attack me from all sides; priests, syndicalists and the rest"
June 8, 1914 - Milan - Writes in Avanti Newspaper: "In cities and in fields the answer to the provocation will raise spontaneous. We do not go through the events, neither we feel authorized to track the course, but we have the duty to second and flank them.[..] And we hope that with their action the Italian workers will be able to say that it is the time to make it end"
June 26, 1914 - Ancona - XIV Congress of PSI (Italian Socialist Party) - until June 28th
August 3, 1914 - While in Milan - Italy opts for neutrality in World War One
October 18, 1914 - Milan - Article in "Avanti Newspaper": "From absolute neutrality to an active and working neutrality"
October 19, 1914 - Bologna - The executive of the socialist party meets in Bologna. After a heated debate, Mussolini resigns as editor of "Avanti!"
November 10, 1914 - Bologna - In an interview for the bolognese paper "Resto del Carlino", Mussolini announces he was launching a paper in support of francophiles and left-leaning interventionists, titled "Il Popolo d'Italia" (The people of Italy)
November 24, 1914 - Milan(?) - Mussolini is expelled from the Socialist Party
December 5, 1914 - Milan(?) - Denounces orthodox socialism for failing to recognize that the war had made national identity and loyalty more significant than class distinction
April 11, 1915 - Rome, Italy - Mussolini is arrested in Rome after a meeting where he had demanded Italy's intervention in World War I by the side of France
May 24, 1915 - While in Milan - Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary
September 2, 1915 - Milan - Called to report for duty with his old unit, the Bersaglieri
October 18, 1915 - Soča river, northwest Slovenia - The Third Battle of Isonzo of begins
November 4, 1915 - Soča river - End of the Third Battle of Isonzo - The Italian offensive fails
December 17, 1915 - Treviglio - Marries Rachele Guidi
January 11, 1916 - Treviglio(?) - He legally recognizes a son he had in 1915 with Ida Dalser, named Benito Albino
September 27, 1916 - Milan, Italy - First son with Rachele, Vittorio, is born
February 22, 1917 - Soča river, northwest Slovenia - Mussolini is accidentally wounded by the explosion of a mortar bomb in his trench during a training exercise. Four of his fellow soldiers are killed
April 1(?), 1917 - Milan, Italy - In hospital (until August). Meets King Victor Emmanuel III in hospital
August 1(?), 1917 - Milan - Discharged from Hospital. He resumes his editor-in-chief position at his new paper "il popolo d'Italia"
April 22, 1918 - Milan - Second son with Rachele, Bruno, is born
November 4, 1918 - While in Milan - The Austrian army surrenders in WW1
November 23, 1918 - Pavia, Italy - Speech in Pavia
December 29, 1918 - Livorno, Italy - Speech in Livorno
March 23, 1919 - Milan - Mussolini re-forms the Milan "fascio" as the "Fasci Italiani di Combattimento" (Italian Combat Squad), consisting of 200 members, becoming the "Duce" of Fascism
June 6, 1919 - Milan - The platform of Fasci Italiani di Combattimento is published in "Il Popolo d'Italia"
October 7, 1919 - Fiume (Rijeka, Croatia) - Visit to Fiume
October 9, 1919 - Florence, Italy - Two-day meeting in Florence
February 5, 1920 - Milan - Speech in Milan
July 1(?), 1920 - Arcore, near Monza - Starts taking flying lessons at an airfield at Arcore, near Monza
September 7, 1920 - Cremona, Italy - Speech in Cremona
September 20, 1920 - Trieste, Italy - Speech in Trieste
September 21, 1920 - Pola (Pula, Croatia) - Speech: "When dealing with such a race as Slavic—inferior and barbarian—we must not pursue the carrot, but the stick policy ...We should not be afraid of new victims ...The Italian border should run across the Brenner Pass, Monte Nevoso and the Dinaric Alps ...I would say we can easily sacrifice 500,000 barbaric Slavs for 50,000 Italians ..."
October 15, 1920 - Milan - Speech in Milan
January 23, 1921 - Milan - Speech in Milan
February 6, 1921 - Trieste - Speech in Trieste
April 3, 1921 - Bologna - Speech in Bologna
April 4, 1921 - Ferrara - Speech in Ferrara
April 21, 1921 - Fiume (Rijeka, Croatia) - Speech in Fiume
May 15, 1921 - Rome, Italy - Mussolini is elected for the first time in the General election
August 2, 1921 - Rome - Pact of Pacification between Mussolini and his "Fasci Italiani di Combattimento", and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the General Confederation of Labor (CGL)
August 18, 1921 - Rome - In "Il Popolo d'Italia" Mussolini announces his resignation from the executive board of the Fascists because of the resistance to the pacification pact
August 26, 1921 - Rome - The Fascist National Council rejects Mussolini's resignation from the executive board. With regard to the pacification pact, the council does not impose a precise line and leaves the issue to be resolved autonomously by individual squads
November 7, 1921 - Rome - Third Fascist Congress (until November 10th)
November 9, 1921 - Rome - The PNF - Partito Nazionale Fascista (National Fascist Party) is formed. The "Fasci Italiani di Combattimento" is transformed into a more coherent political group
November 14, 1921 - Milan - Speech in Milan
July 19, 1922 - Rome - Prime Minister Luigi Facta steps down. Mussolini threatens with Fascist insurrection
August 1, 1922 - Rome - Prime Minister Facta forms a new government
September 20, 1922 - Udine, Italy - Speech in Udine
October 6, 1922 - Milan - At a meeting in Milan, Mussolini declares "In Italy there exists two governments - a fictitious one, run by Facta, and a real one, run by the Fascists. The first of these must give way to the second." He and demands new general elections. Rumours abound about a Fascist takeover of Rome
October 24, 1922 - Naples, Italy - Fascist Congress in Naples. Mussolini declares before 60,000 people that "Our program is simple: we want to rule Italy"
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| March on Rome, 1922 |
October 29, 1922 - Rome - Mussolini is asked to form Cabinet, while 25,000 of his blackshirts march in Rome
October 31, 1922 - Rome - Mussolini becomes Prime-minister, aged 39
November 17, 1922 - Rome - With 306 votes in favour, 216 against and 7 abstentions, the Italian Chamber of Deputies confides confidence in the Mussolini government
November 21, 1922 - Lausanne, Switzerland - Speech in Lausanne
December 5, 1922 - Milan - Speech in Milan
December 11, 1922 - London, England - Speech in London
December 18, 1922 - While in Rome - Turin Massacre (until December 20th). Fascists blackshirts attack members of the local socialist and communist movement in Turin, to break the resistance of the labour movement and working class. Eleven people are killed and ten are seriously wounded
March 29, 1923 - Milan - Speech in Milan
April 21, 1923 - Rome - Speech in Rome
June 1, 1923 - Padua - Speech in Padua
June 4, 1923 - Venice - Speech in Venice
June 12, 1923 - Cagliari - Speech in Cagliari
June 17, 1923 - Piacenza - Speech in Piacenza
June 18, 1923 - Cremona - Speech in Cremona
June 22, 1923 - Messina, Sicily - Speech in Messina
June 23, 1923 - Salerno - Speech in Salerno
August 21, 1923 - Pescara - Speech in Pescara
August 31, 1923 - While in Rome - A squadron of the Italian Navy bombards the Greek island of Corfu and lands 5,000 to 10,000 troops
September 27, 1923 - While in Rome - Italians evacuate Corfu
October 28, 1923 - Milan - Speech in Milan
October 30, 1923 - Perugia - Speech in Perugia
April 6, 1924 - Rome - The Fascist Party wins the 1924 Italian General election
May 11, 1924 - Catania - Speech in Catania
May 30, 1924 - Rome - Socialist politician Giacomo Matteotti openly speaks in the Italian Parliament alleging the Fascists committed fraud in the recently held elections, and denounces the violence they used to gain votes
June 10, 1924 - While in Rome - Giacomo Matteotti is assassinated at Riano, north of Rome, aged 39
September 23, 1924 - Vicenza - Speech in Vicenza
October 23, 1925 - Parma - Speech in Parma
October 24, 1925 - Mantua - Speech in Mantua
October 28, 1925 - Milan - Speech in Milan
November 4, 1925 - Rome - Italian socialist deputy and expert marksman Tito Zaniboni takes a hotel room opposite the Palazzo Chigi with the intent of shooting Mussolini with a telescopic rifle when he came out to the balcony to make a speech. The Police is tipped off by an intercepted phone call and stops the would-be assassin
November 7, 1925 - Rome - Several Italian opposition leaders are arrested in connection with the assassination attempt on Mussolini
April 7, 1926 - Rome - Mussolini survives an attempt on his life by an insane Irishwoman named Violet Gibson, who shoots at the italian leader. Mussolini is slightly wounded in the nose but continues his parade on the Capitoline Hill. Gibson is almost lynched on the spot by an angry mob, but the police takes her away for interrogation
April 11, 1926 - Tripoli, Libya - Arrives in Libya by boat
May 24, 1926 - Genoa - Speech in Genoa
June 30, 1926 - Rome - Speech in Rome
August 18, 1926 - Pesaro - Speech in Pesaro
September 11, 1926 - Rome - Gino Lucetti, an anarchist and anti-fascist, attempts to assassinate Mussolini by launching a bomb against his car. Eight people are injured but Mussolini escapes unharmed
October 5, 1926 - Perugia - Speech in Perugia
October 30, 1926 - Reggio Emilia - Speech in Regio Emilia
October 31, 1926 - Bologna - Anteo Zamboni, a 15-year-old anarchist, tries to assassinate Mussolini by shooting against his open car. The boy misses and is lynched in the street. The new established fascist regime closes all publications issued by the opposition
December 16, 1926 - Rome - Speech in Rome
September 26, 1927 - Forlì - Third son with Rachele, Romano, is born
April 12, 1928 - Milan - A bomb, directed against Mussolini, kills 18 people at the Milan Trade Fair
May 7, 1928 - Rome - Speech in Rome
August 2, 1928 - While in Rome - Italy and Ethiopia sign the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty
March 10, 1929 - Rome - Speech in Rome
May 26, 1929 - Rome - Speech in Rome
November 4, 1929 - Rome - Speech in Rome
April 24, 1930 - Rome - Attends the marriage of his daughter Edda with Galeazzo Ciano, attaché in Rio de Janeiro
May 17, 1930 - Florence - Speech in Florence
October 27, 1930 - Rome - Speech in Rome
January 12, 1931 - Rome - Michele Schirru, an anarchist militant, arrives in Rome with intention to kill Mussolini
February 3, 1931 - Rome - Schirru is arrested by a marshal at the Hotel Colonna in Rome
May 28, 1931 - Rome - Schirru is sentenced to death by the Fascist Special Court
October 25, 1931 - Naples - Speech in Naples
November 22, 1931 - Rome - Speech in Rome
December 12, 1931 - Rome - Mussolini meets the visiting Mahatma Gandhi
February 11, 1932 - The Vatican - Pope Pius XI receives Mussolini in Vatican for the third anniversary of the Lateran treaty; the visit sign the rapprochement of Church and fascism, after the contrasts about the Azione Cattolica
June 17, 1932 - Rome - The antifascists Angelo Sbardellotto and Domenico Bovone are shot in Rome, the first for having planned Mussolini's assassination, the second for some demonstration dynamite attacks
July 20, 1932 - Rome - The ministers Dino Grandi (Foreign Affairs) and Bruno Bottai (Corporations) resign and Mussolini takes on personally their tasks
October 25, 1932 - Milan - Speech in Milan
January 30, 1933 - While in Rome - Adolf Hitler, "Führer" of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP), accedes to the Chancellorship of Germany
March 18, 1933 - Ostia, near Rome - Meets british prime-minister Ramsey MacDonald
May 27, 1933 - Rome - Fascist party membership is declared a basic requirement for public office
September 8, 1933 - Ostia, near Rome - Meets 21-year-old Claretta Petacci, the girl who sent him a letter when she was 14
October 23, 1933 - Florence, Italy - Speech in Florence
January 1(?), 1934 - Terminillo resort, Apennines, E. of Rome - Photographed skiing at the new Terminillo resort, high in the Apennines to the East of Rome
June 1(?), 1934 - While in Rome - Claretta Petacci marries Riccardo Federici, Air Attaché to Tokyo
June 14, 1934 - Venice, Italy - Benito Mussolini meets Adolf Hitler for the first time, at the Venice Biennale (meetings on 14th and 15th)
September 6, 1934 - Bari, Italy - Speech in Bari
October 6, 1934 - Milan - Speech in Milan
December 3, 1934 - Rome - Speech in Rome
December 30, 1934 - Rome - Mussolini issues a directive on the Ethiopian question: "The problem of Italo-Abyssinian relations has moved in most recent times onto a new plane. From a problem of diplomacy it has become a problem of force; a "historic" problem which must be resolved by the only means which ever resolve such problems - the use of arms"
January 7, 1935 - While in Rome - Franco-Italian Agreement. It gives Italy a free hand in Africa in return for Italian co-operation in Europe
April 13, 1935 - Stresa, Piedmont - Conference with Laval, Simon and the french and british prime-ministers, Pierre Etienne Flandin and James Ramsey MacDonald at Villa Borromeo at Stresa
May 24, 1935 - Rome - Speech in Rome
July 6, 1935 - Eboli, Salerno - Speech in Eboli
August 31, 1935 - Trento, Südtirol, Italy - Visit to Trento
October 3, 1935 - While in Rome - An italian army of 200,000 men commanded by Marshal Emilio de Bono, cross the border from Eritrea to Ethiopia
October 27, 1935 - Rome - Mussolini authorizes the use of deadly gas in the Ethiopian War
December 28, 1935 - Rome - Orders to Badoglio: "To His Excellency Badoglio. Given the enemy system I have authorized Your Excellency the use even on a vast scale of any gas and flamethrowers"
March 31, 1936 - While in Rome - Battle of Maychew - Pietro Bagdolio's forces defeat Haile Selassie's last army in the north of Ethiopia
May 9, 1936 - Rome - Mussolini proclaims: 'Italy finally has its empire. ... It is a Fascist empire, an empire of peace, an empire of civilization and humanity"
August 27, 1936 - Potenza, Italy - Speech in Potenza
October 1(?), 1936 - Rome - Mussolini and Claretta Petacci begin a relationship
October 24, 1936 - Bologna - Speech in Bologna
November 1, 1936 - Milan - Speech in Milan, proclaiming the "entente" between Italy and Germany
March 14, 1937 - Tobruk, Libya - Mussolini arrives in Tobruk for a visit
March 18, 1937 - Tripoli, Libya - Speech in Tripoli for Italy's muslim subjects
August 19, 1937 - Palermo, Sicily - Speech in Palermo
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| Mussolini and Hitler, Berlin, 1937 (source: wikipedia) |
September 29, 1937 - Berlin, Germany - Hitler bids farewell to Mussolini at the Lehrter Bahnhof Strain station
October 19, 1937 - Rome - Mussolini attends a fashion show in Rome with Heinrich Himmler, Reinhard Heydrich and Kurt Daluege
October 28, 1937 - Rome - Speech in Rome
November 6, 1937 - Rome - Italy joins with Germany and Japan in the "Anti-Comintern pact"
March 30, 1938 - Rome - Italy's "Duce" Benito Mussolini is granted equal power over the Italian military to that of King Victor Emmanuel III, as First Marshal of the Empire
May 6, 1938 - Rome - Meeting with Adolf Hitler and Galeazzo Ciano at the Villa Borghese. Mussolini meets Himmler and Goebbels
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| Speech in Genoa, 1938 |
June 3, 1938 - Rome - From this day, those who did not join the Fascist Party could not work
July 4, 1938 - Aprilia, Lazio - Speech at Aprilia
September 18, 1938 - Trieste, Italy - Mussolini delivers a speech in Trieste, Italy, where he indicates that Italy is supporting Germany in the Sudeten crisis.
September 21, 1938 - Treviso, Italy - Speech in Treviso
September 24, 1938 - Padua, Italy - Speech in Padua
Spetember 25, 1938 - Vicenza, Italy - Speech in Vicenza
September 29, 1938 - Munich, Germany - Mussolini visits Munich for a conference with Adolf Hitler, British Prime-Minister Neville Chamberlain and French Premier Edouard Deladier
November 30, 1938 - Rome, Italy - Benito Mussolini and his Foreign Minister, Count Galeazzo Ciano, order "spontaneous" demonstrations in the Italian Chamber of Deputies, demanding that France cede Tunisia, Nice, Corsica and French Somaliland to Italy. This begins an acute crisis in Franco-Italian relations, that lasts until March 1939
February 4, 1939 - Rome - Addresses the Grand Council of the Fascist Party
March 26, 1939 - Rome - Speech in Rome
March 30, 1939 - Cosenza - Speech in Cosenza
March 31, 1939 - Reggio Calabria - Addresses the Grand Council of the Fascist Party: "Italy will not truly be an independent nation so long as she has Corsica, Bizerta, Malta as the bars of her Mediterranean prison and Gibraltar and Suez as the walls"
April 7, 1939 - While in Rome - Italian troops invade Albania
May 14, 1939 - Turin, Italy - Speech in Turin
May 20, 1939 - Cuneo, Italy - Speech in Cuneo
May 22, 1939 - While in Rome - Germany and Italy sign the "Pact of Steel" in Berlin
August 25, 1939 - Rome - Message for Hitler informing the german Führer that hei would not honor the Pact of Steel if Germany attacked Poland
March 18, 1940 - Brenner Pass (Italy-Austria border) - Meeting with Adolf Hitler
May 26, 1940 - Rome - Mussolini informs Marshals Pietro Badoglio, chief of the Supreme General Staff, and Italo Balbo that he intends to join the German war against Britain and France, so to be able to sit at the peace table "when the world is to be apportioned" following an Axis victory
May 29, 1940 - Rome - Mussolini convinces King Victor Emmanuel III to delegate his authority over the Armed Forces to him
June 5, 1940 - Rome - Message to Badoglio, "I only need a few thousand dead so that I can sit at the peace conference as a man who has fought"
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| Declaration of War speech |
June 13, 1940 - Rome - Mussolini offers to send one Italian armoured division to serve on the German front in France in exchange for 50 Anti-Aircraft batteries. The offer is refused
June 18, 1940 - Munich, Germany - Mussolini and Count Ciano arrive in Munich for a meeting with Adolf Hitler. Mussolini is informed that Italian claims on Nice, Corsica and Tunisia were interfering with Germany's armistice negotiations
June 24, 1940 - While in Rome - The Franco-Italian Armistice is signed, ending the italian invasion of France
July 1, 1940 - Menton, SE France - Mussolini visits the battlefield of Menton
July 12, 1940 - While in Rome - While attacking a British petrol carrier off Crete, Italian aircraft based in the Dodecanese went on to bombard Greek warships in harbour at Kissamos
August 10, 1940 - Rome - Meeting with Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano
August 15, 1940 - While in Rome - Greek light cruiser "Elli" is sunk by the Italian submarine Delfino in Tinos harbour. The sinking was a result of orders by Mussolini and Navy chief Domenico Cavagnari allowing submarine attacks on neutral shipping
October 13, 1940 - Rome - Orders to Badoglio to start preparing an attack on Greece for October 26th
October 15, 1940 - Rome - Meeting at the Palazzo Venezia with Badoglio, Roatta, Visconti Prasca, Ciano and Jacomoni
October 18, 1940 - Rome - Letter to Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria inviting him to take part in the coming action against Greece, which he refuses, citing his country's unreadiness and its encirclement by hostile neighbours
October 28, 1940 - Rome - Mussolini issues an ultimatum to Greece demanding the cession of Greek Territory, which the Prime-Minister of Greece, Ioannis Metaxas, rejects
November 11, 1940 - While in Rome - Battle of Taranto - The Royal Navy launches an aerial attack on the italian navy at anchor in the harbour of Taranto. Three italian battleships are disabled, one heavy cruiser and two destroyers are damaged
December 4, 1940 - Rome - Mussolini sacks Badoglio and replaces him with Ugo Cavallero as Chief of the General Staff
January 19, 1941 - Obersalzberg, Berchstesgaden, Bavaria, Germany - Meeting with Adolf Hitler
January 22, 1941 - While in Rome - The Allies take Tobruk in Libya
February 9, 1941 - While in Rome - Italy looses Cyrenaica (eastern Libya)
February 23, 1941 - Rome - Speech in Rome
March 2, 1941 - Albania - Unannounced visit to the greek front
June 22, 1941 - Riccione, Rimini, NE Italy - Mussolini is awoken at his holiday villa at Riccione to be informed of the beginning of "Operation Barbarossa"
July 29, 1941 - Mantua, Italy - Speech in Mantua
August 27, 1941 - Krosno Airbase, SE Poland - Mussolini pilots Hitler's Fw200 Condor aeroplane during a visit to the eastern front in Ukraine
December 11, 1941 - Rome - Mussolini declares WAR on the United States
March 28, 1942 - Rome - Speech in Rome
April 28, 1942 - Schloss Klessheim (4km W. of Salzburg, Austria) - Meeting with Adolf Hitler at Schloss Klessheim, near Salzburg
June 21, 1942 - While in Rome - Tobruk is recaptured by german and italian forces
June 26, 1942 - Tobruk, Libya - Mussolini flies to Tobruk piloting his own plane to show off his virility
July 20, 1942 - Rome, Italy - Returns to Rome, via Athens
October 1, 1942 - Rome - Speech in Rome
October 11, 1942 - Rome - Mussolini receives Heinrich Himmler
December 3, 1942 - Rome - Speech to the new directorate of the Fascist Party, about Italy's critical situation
January 23, 1943 - While in Rome(?) - Fall of Tripoli, Libya, to the British army
April 7, 1943 - Schloss Klessheim (4km W. of Salzburg, Austria) - Visit to Schloss Klessheim (until April 10th) - Meetings with Adolf Hitler
May 5, 1943 - Rome, Italy - Speech from the balcony of the Palazzo Venezia on the anniversary of his announcement of victory over Ethiopia
May 13, 1943 - Rome - Telegram to Adolf Hitler
July 22, 1943 - Rome - Reports to King, who tells him he should resign
July 25, 1943 - Rome - Following a request from Dino Grandi due to the failure of the war, the Grand Council of Fascism (Ciano and other 18 members) overthrows Mussolini by asking the King to resume his full authority in officially removing Mussolini as prime minister, which he did. The "Duce" is imprisoned and Marshal Pietro Badoglio replaces him
July 27, 1943 - Gaeta - Military police takes Mussolini to Gaeta, where he boards the ship "Persefone"
July 28, 1943 - Island of Ponza, Tyrrhenian Sea - The "Persefone" arrives on the island of Ponza in the Tyrrhenian Sea
August 7, 1943 - La Maddalena Island, Northern Sardinia - Mussolini is transfered to a private villa on La Maddalena island
August 27, 1943 - Gran Sasso d'Italia Mountain range - Mussolini is taken to Hotel Campo Imperatore, on a remote and defendable mountain plateau 2,112 metres above sea level in the Gran Sasso d'Italia mountain range
September 3, 1943 - While at Gran Sasso d'Italia - Badoglio's government signs the Armistice of Cassibile, between Italy and the Allies, resulting in the betrayal of Germany by their italian allies
September 7, 1943 - While at Gran Sasso d'Italia - German intelligence discover that Mussolini was imprisoned somewhere in the Abruzzi Mountains
September 9, 1943 - While at Gran Sasso d'Italia - King Victor Emmanuel III, Badoglio and his government abandon Rome and board a ship near Pescara which takes them to Brindisi, still held by the italian army
September 12, 1943 - Gran Sasso d'Italia Mountain range - Mussolini is rescued from
captivity in the Gran Sasso raid by german commandos and paratroopers led by Otto Skorzeny
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| SS Colonel Otto Skorzeny (left) and Mussolini |
September 13, 1943 - Vienna, Austria - Mussolini flies with Skorzeny back to Pratica di Mare and then to Vienna, where he spends the night
September 14, 1943 - Wolfsschanze, near Rastenburg, East Prussia - Mussolini meets Adolf Hitler at Führer Headquarters, in Wolf's Lair, near Rastenburg
September 23, 1943 - Salò, Brescia - Mussolini agrees to set up a new regime, the "Italian Social republic", also known as the "Salò Republic"
December 26, 1943 - Gargnano, Lake Garda, Lombardy - Edda visits his father for the last time before moving to Switzerland
January 11, 1944 - While in Gargnano(?) - Galeazzo Ciano is executed by firing squad outside Verona
January 20(?), 1944 - Salò - Conversation with Erwin Rommel at Salò
March 28, 1944 - Cremona, Italy - Speech in Cremona
April 22, 1944 - Schloss Klessheim (4km W. of Salzburg, Austria) - Mussolini arrives at Schloss Klessheim for another meeting with Adolf Hitler
April 24, 1944 - Grafenwöhr, Germany - Speech in Grafenwöhr to the San Marco Division
June 4, 1944 - While in Grafenwöhr(?) - Rome falls to the Allies
July 18, 1944 - Grafenwöhr | Heidelberg, Germany - Speeches in Grafenwöhr and Heidelberg for the San Marco and Littorio Divisions
July 20, 1944 - Wolfsschanze, near Rastenburg, East Prussia - Mussolini arrives late at the Wolfsschanze and finds Hitler wrapped in a blanket, shortly after the attempt on his life. He inspects the bomb-damaged conference hut at the Wolfsschanze with the Führer
July 22, 1944 - Wolfsschanze, near Rastenburg, East Prussia - Meeting with Adolf Hitler at the Wolfsschanze just after the failed attempt on his life, with the presence of Martin Bormann, Karl Dönitz and Hermann Göring
October 14, 1944 - Gargnano, Lake Garda, Lombardy - Speech in Gargnano
October 28, 1944 - Gargnano - Speech in Gargnano
December 16, 1944 - Milan, Italy - Speech at the Teatro Lirico of Milan
December 18, 1944 - Milan - Mussolini inspects a parade of the various armed forces of the RSI
February 20, 1945 - Gargnano, Lake Garda, Lombardy - Speech in Gargnano
March 6, 1945 - Brescia - Speech in Brescia
March 23, 1945 - Bogliaco, Gargnano - Speech in Bogliaco
April 18, 1945 - Gargnano, Lake Garda, Lombardy - Departs for Milan to negotiate an armistice with the Allies and the partisans. Sends a last letter to Adolf Hitler with a birthday note
April 22, 1945 - Milan - Speech to the fascists of Milan. Another speech, his last, on the 23th
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| The dead bodies of Mussolini, Clara Petacci and others. Milan, April 28, 1945 |
April 27, 1945 - Near Dongo, Lake Como - Mussolini and Clara Petacci are captured by communist partisans while traveling with a convoy of Italian Social republic members
April 28, 1945 - Giulino di Mezzegra, near Lake Como, Kingdom of Italy - Benito Mussolini, aged 61, and Clara Petacci, are taken to Giulino di Mezzegra and executed by firing squad =(END)
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