Sunday 29 April 2018

Ponce de León | Timeline

Juan Ponce de León y Figueroa (April 8, 1474 – July 1521) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer born in Santervás de CamposValladolid, Spain in 1474. Though probably an illegitimate son, he was of noble birth and served as a page and squire from young age, in the two last campaigns against moorish strongholds in Spain. He first came to the Americas as a "gentlemen volunteer" with Christopher Columbus's second expedition in 1493. Later, he came back to the Americas in Nicolás de Ovando's 1502 colonization voyage and became governor of Puerto Rico by 1509. From 1513, Juan Ponce de León begins exploring to the northwest, being the first european to baptize and set foot in today's Florida. In his second expedition to Florida in 1521, destined to found a small settlement, Ponce de León his hit in his thigh by a poisoned arrow and dies of his wound a few days later in Havana, Cuba.

April 8, 1474 - Santervás de Campos, Valladolid - Juan Ponce de León y Figueroa is born
January(?) 1(?), 1481 - Toral de los Guzmanes, Castilla y León - Page assigned to the House of Toral - received an education in fighting skills, manners, and religion while serving a knight named Pedro Nunez de Guzman
January(?) 1(?), 1487 - Toral de los Guzmanes, Castilla y León - Ponce de León becomes a squire
July(?) 1(?), 1489 - Almeria - Ponce de León becomes part of the force that was going south to retake the moorish stronghold of Almeria =(START)
September(?), 1489 - Toral de los Guzmanes - Back to the House of Toral. Ponce de León becomes the leader of the squires
April(?) 1(?), 1491 - Granada Region - The forces of the Catholic Kings move south to expel the muslims from Granada
October(?) 1(?), 1491 - Santa Fe, Granada - Spends much of the Autumn in the siege city of Santa Fe
January 2, 1492 - Santa Fe, Granada - The moors surrender. Ponce de León helps in the conquest of Granada
January 6, 1492 - Granada - Marches into Granada
April(?) 1(?), 1492 - Santervás de Campos, Valladolid - Leaves the House of Toral after more than 10 years. Helps an uncle increase his estate's crop output by reorganizing and providing better equipment for the peasants
September 24, 1493 - Cadiz - Columbus departs to the New World on his second Voyage, with 17 ships (15 caravels). Ponce de León goes on the expedition, as one of 200 "gentlemen volunteers"
October 13, 1493 - Canary Islands - Columbus leaves the Canary Islands on his way to the New World
November 3, 1493 - Dominica | Marie-Galante, Guadalupe - The armada of Columbus arrives to the Island of Dominica, on the Caribbean, after just 21 days of crossing the Atlantic. On the same day, they sail to the next island. of Guadalupe
November 4, 1493 - Guadalupe - Columbus explores the Island of Guadalupe
November 10, 1493 - Guadalupe - Departs heading north, baptizing the discovered islands on his way
November 19, 1493 - San Juan Bautista Island, Puerto Rico - Arrival in Puerto Rico
November 22, 1493 - Hispaniola - Columbus returns to Hispaniola, where the Spanish settled on the first voyage
March 12, 1494 - La Isabela, Dominican Republic - Departs in terrestrial expedition to Cibao
March(?) 19, 1494 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Hispaniola - Columbus builds the fort of Santo Tomás, in Santiago de los Caballeros
April 24, 1494 - La Isabela, Hispaniola - Columbus sails West with 3 ships
April 30, 1494 - Bahia de Bariay, NE Holguín, Cuba - Columbus lands in Cuba, baptizing it of "Isla de Juana" (Island of Juana)
May 3, 1494 - South of Cuba - Sailing in the south coast of Cuba
May 5, 1494 - Jamaica - Columbus arrives in Jamaica
May 13, 1494 - Jamaica - Columbus leaves Jamaica and sails towards Cuba
May 14, 1494 - South of Cuba - Sailing in the south coast of Cuba
September 29, 1494 - La Isabela, Hispaniola - Disillusioned for not finding China and Japan, Columbus returns to La Isabela
March 26, 1495 - La Isabela - Terrestrial expedition to make war against Caonabó, who is defeated by the spanish
March 10, 1496 - La Isabela - Columbus departs to Spain aboard the "Niña"
April 20, 1496 - Guadalupe - Columbus loads the ships with supplies on his way to Europe, via Madeira Island
June(?) 1(?), 1496 - Madeira Island, Portugal - Arrival in Madeira Island (speculative date)
June 11, 1496 - Cadiz - Columbus reaches Spain
February 1(?), 1502 - Seville - Nicolás de Ovando puts together a fleet of 32 ships and 2,500 men (1,500 colonists, mostly nobles). Sailing down the Guadalquivir River from Seville to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, youngsters Hernán Cortés, Francisco Pizarro, Ponce de León and Bartolomé de las Casas go on the expedition
February 13, 1502 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Castile and León - Ponce de León sails to the Indies in Nicolás de Ovando's expedition
April 15, 1502 - Santo Domingo, Hispaniola - Nicolás de Ovando arrives in Santo Domingo
January(?) 1(?), 1503(?) - Santo Domingo, Hispaniola - Marries Leonora, a Santo Domingo innkeeper's daughter
January(?) 1(?), 1504 - Higüey(?), Hispaniola - Ovando names Ponce de León deputy governor of Hispaniola after helping put down an indian uprising in the eastern province of the Island
January(?) 1(?), 1505 - Santo Domingo - Ovando authorizes Ponce de León to establish a new town in Higüey, which he named "Salvaleón"
January(?) 1(?), 1506 - Santo Domingo - Death of his wife Leonora, aged 29 =(crossofburgundyflag)
June 15, 1508 - Santo Domingo - Ponce de Léon receives licence from de De Ovando para reconnoiter/ocuppy Boriquén (Puerto Rico)
July 12, 1508 - Santo Domingo - Ponce de León sets sail to Boriquén (Puerto Rico)
August 3, 1508 - Yama River, E.Hispaniola - Ponce de León's ship sinks when he wanted to gather more men
August 8, 1508 - Caparra (Guaynabo), Borinquén (Puerto Rico) - Ponce de León founds the first spanish settlement in Borinquén (Puerto Rico) - Caparra (Today Guaynabo)
August 12, 1508 - Toa River - He disembarks in the River Toa and founds a settlement
September 12, 1508 - Pueblo viejo (between San juan and Bayamón) - Ponce de León builds a fort in a bay that he baptizes as "Puerto Rico"
April 1, 1509 - Santo Domingo - Ponce de León returns to Santo Domingo. After the success of his expedition, Ovando appoints him Governor of Puerto Rico
August 14, 1509 - (While in Puerto Rico) - King Ferdinand II confirms Ponce de León as Governor of Puerto Rico
February 1(?), 1511 - River Descalabrado, Puerto Rico - First battle of the campaign against the Taino indians
March 11, 1511 - Yahuecas, Puerto Rico - Ponce de León leads an incursion into the domain of Urayoán
July 21, 1511 - (While in Puerto Rico) - Royal decree in which King Ferdinand II of Aragón communicates to Ponce de León the decision of the Council to return to Diego Colón the governance of the island of Puerto Rico and therefore, leave him without the governance of it. The King in response to this legal decision and in payment for the good services provided by Ponce de León during his government decides to compensate him with the governance of another island that is not within the jurisdiction of Diego Columbus
February 23, 1512 - (While in Puerto Rico) - He is stripped of his title as Governor, however, receives a royal contract that gives him 3 years to look for the "Island of Biminy", north of Cuba
January 29, 1513 - Yuma, Higuey, Hispaniola - Ponce de León registers his expeditionary force
March 3, 1513 - Bahia de Aguadilla, NW Puerto Rico - Ponce de León sets sail with 3 ships to explore to the north of Cuba. These are the "Santiago", the "Santa Maria de la Consolación" and the "San Cristóbal"
March 8, 1513 - "El Viego", Grand Turk - Ponce de León anchors at Grand Turk Island
March 9, 1513 - "Caycos", E.Caicos - Ponce de León anchors at East Caicos
March 10, 1513 - "Yaguna", N.Caicos - Ponce de León anchors at North Caicos
March 12, 1513 - Mayaguana - The ships pass Mayaguana
March 13, 1513 - Samana Cay - The ships pass Samana Cay
March 14, 1513 - Long Bay, San Salvador Island (Bahamas) - Ponce de León reaches the site where Columbus first arrived in the New World in 1492. The ships are resupplied and re-rigged. Set sail on 25th
March 27, 1513 - Eleuthera Island, Bahamas - Ponce de León sails to the west
April 2, 1513 - Melbourne Beach, SE of Orlando, Florida - Ponce de León lands in Florida, and baptizes it as "La Florida" after the Flowery Easter (Pascoa Florida, in spanish)
April 8, 1513 - While trying to sail south, Ponce de León has the first encounter with the Gulf Stream
April 21, 1513 - Mouth of Saint Lucie River, Florida - Skirmishes with natives
May 4, 1513 - Biscayne Bay | Key Biscayne - The fleet reaches and names Biscayne Bay and takes on water at an island they name "Santa Marta" (Key Biscayne)
May 15, 1513 - Off the Florida Keys - Ponce de León sails along the Florida Keys
May 23, 1513 - Eventually they find a gap in the reefs and sail "to the north and other times to the northeast" until they reach the Florida mainland, where they encounter the Calusa, who refuse to trade and drive off the Spanish ships by surrounding them with warriors in sea canoes armed with long bows.
June 4, 1513 - Sanibel Island, Florida - While careening his carrack "Cristóbal", Ponce de León is attacked by 20 canoes
June 14, 1513 - Sanibel Island - Ponce de León, attacked again, decides to sail south
June 21, 1513 - Dry Tortugas (W. of Key West) - Ponce de León reaches the Dry Tortugas Islands
July 8, 1513 - Grand Bahama - Ponce de León retraces his route east along the Florida Keys, reaching Grand Bahama
October 10, 1513 - Puerto Rico - Ponce de León returns to Puerto Rico
April(?) 1(?), 1514 - Puerto Rico - Ponce de León departs to Spain to report the results of his expedition
April 30(?), 1514 - Bayona, Galicia - Spain - Ponce de León arrives in Spain after little over three weeks crossing the Atlantic
June(?) 1(?), 1514 - Santervás de Campos, Valladolid - Back home
September 27, 1514 - Valladolid - In Spain, Ponce de León is knighted  and appointed Governor of his newly discovered "Island of Florida"
September 30(?), 1514 - Seville - Visit to the "Casa de Contratación" in Seville
October(?) 1(?), 1514 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain - Works with "Casa de Contratación" to repair and outfit 3 caravels to his expedition to Guadalupe: The "Barbola", the "Santa Maria" and the "Santiago"
October 19, 1514 - (While in Sanlúcar de Barrameda) - The King confirms Ponce de León's new titles
May 14, 1515 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda - Ponce de León sets sail with the three caravels with their hulls painted black, and so they were referred as the "Black Fleet" - "Bárbara", "Santa Maria", "Santiago"
May 21(?), 1515 - Tenerife, Canary Islands - Ponce de León stops for water, minor repairs and fresh supplies
July 15, 1515 - Guadalupe - Arrival in Guadalupe. Imediate engagement with the caribs - 20 spanish are killed and the expedition fails
July 25, 1515 - San Juan, Puerto Rico - Ponce de León arrives in Puerto Rico
August 7, 1515 - San Juan - Letter to King Ferdinand about the failed expedition to Guadalupe
November 1(?), 1516 - Puerto Rico - Ponce de León sails with the 3 black caravels back to Seville
December(?) 15(?), 1516(?) - Seville(?) - Ponce de León arrives in Seville. His main objective is to meet the new King
January(?) 1(?), 1517(?) - Santervás de Campos, Valladolid - Back home. Ponce de León marries Juana de Pineda, a woman from Seville
February(?) 15(?), 1518 - Valladolid - Ponce de León meets the 17-year-old King Charles V, probably after the "Cortes" of Valladolid
March(?) 15(?), 1518 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda(?) - Married again Ponce de León departs to Puerto Rico
May 1(?), 1518 - Puerto Rico - Ponce de León returns to Puerto Rico with his new bride
September 12, 1519 - Puerto Rico - Ponce de León hands the post of Governor to his successor, Antonio de la Gama
February 10, 1521 - Puerto Rico - Letters to King Charles V and Cardinal Adrián de Tortosa
February 26, 1521 - Puerto Rico - Ponce de León sets sail to Florida to establish a permanent colony. The expedition consisted of 200 men, including priests, farmers and artisans, 50 horses and other domestic animals, and farming implements carried on two ships
June(?) 1(?), 1521 - Charlotte Harbour Estuary, W.Florida - Before any settlement, the colonists are attacked by the native Calusa warriors. Ponce de León is hit in the thigh by a poisoned arrow. The colonization attempt is abandoned
July(?) 1(?), 1521 - Havana, Cuba - Ponce de León arrives in Havana with gangrene in his leg
July 6(?), 1521 - Havana - Juan Ponce de León y Figueroa dies of his wound, aged 47 =(END)

Bibliography
CHIPLEY SLAVICEK, Louise - Juan Ponce de León
OBER, Frederic - Ponce de León

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