Reinhard Heydrich | Timeline

Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German Nazi official during World War II, and a main architect of the Holocaust. He was an SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei (Senior Group Leader and Chief of Police) as well as chief of the Reich Main Security Office (including the Gestapo, Kripo, and SD). He was also Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor (Deputy/Acting Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. Heydrich served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC; later known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference, which formalised plans for the Final Solution to the Jewish Question—the deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe. (Intro from Wikipedia)

~Some details are sketchy - you can help complete it~

March 7, 1904 - Halle an der Salle, Sachsen - Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich is born
February 1(?), 1919 - Halle - 15-year old Heydrich joins a right-wing paramilitary unit to participate in the recapture of Halle from communist hands
January(?) 1(?), 1921 - Halle - As a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles, hyperinflation spread across Germany and many lost their life savings. Few townspeople could afford a musical education at Bruno Heydrich's conservatory. This led to a financial crisis for the Heydrich family.
March 22, 1922 - Kiel - After earning his high School diploma, Heydrich joins the Reichsmarine
April 1, 1922 - Kiel(?) - Heydrich is promoted to Fähnrich zur See (midshipman)
April 1, 1924 - Mürwik Naval Academy - Heydrich is promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See (Senior Midshipman)

Heydrich, as a fencer

July 1, 1926 - ? - Heydrich is promoted to Leutnant zur See, and assigned as a signals officer on the battleship "Schleswig-Holtein"
July 1, 1928 - ? - Heydrich is promoted to Oberleutnant zur See (sub-lientenant)
December 6, 1930 - Kiel - Heydrich meets Lina von Osten at a rowing-club Ball
December 18, 1930 - Heydrich and Lina announce their engagement
April 30, 1931 - Kiel(?) - Heydrich was charged with "conduct unbecoming to an officer and gentleman" for breaking an engagement promise to a woman he had known for six months before the von Osten engagement. Admiral Erich Raeder dismissed Heydrich from the navy that April
June 30, 1931 - Munich - Himmler interviews Reinhard Heydrich, giving him 20 minutes to outline an organizational plan for a future counter-intelligence service. Himmler is so impressed that he makes Heydrich the head of his "Ic-Dienst", which would become the SD - the Intelligence Agency of the SS and Nazy Party in 1932 =(START)
July 14, 1931 - Hamburg - Heydrich enters into the Hamburg SS
August 1, 1931 - Munich - Heydrich is transfered to Munich and begins his job as chief of the new "Ic-Service"
August 10, 1931 - Munich - Heydrich is promoted to SS-Sturmführer (lieutenant)
October 1(?), 1931 - Munich - Heydrich finishes the creation of a network of spies and informers for intelligence-gathering purposes and to obtain information to be used as blackmail to further political aims
December 1, 1931 - Munich(?) - Heydrich is promoted to SS-Sturmhauptführer (captain)
December 26, 1931 - Grossenbrode - Heydrich keeps the engagement with Lina von Osten and marries her. Promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer (Major)
July 29, 1932 - Munich(?) - Heydrich is promoted to SS-Standartenführer (Colonel)
March 21, 1933 - Munich(?) - Heydrich is promoted to SS-Oberführer (Senior Colonel)
November 9, 1933 - Munich(?) - Heydrich is promoted to SS-Brigadeführer (Brigadier General)
April 1(?), 1934 - Munich - At Hitler's request, Himmler and Heydrich begin building a dossier on SA leader Ernst Röhm in an effort to remove him as a rival for party leadership

April 10, 1934 - Berlin - Göring addresses the assembled Gestapo in the presence of Himmler and Heydrich, to explain that Himmler would in future take charge of their work as his deputy.

April 20, 1934 - Berlin - As a means of isolating Röhm, Göring transfers control of the Prussian political police (Gestapo) to Himmler, who, Göring believed, could be counted on to move against Röhm. Reinhard Heydrich becomes his deputy

Heydrich at his office, Munich, 1934

April 22, 1934 - Munich - Himmler names Heydrich to head the Gestapo, while also continuing as head of the SD

June 6, 1934 - Munich(?) - Heydrich is appointed the official Intelligence office of the Nazi party
June 30, 1934 - Berlin(?) - Heydrich is promoted to SS-Gruppenführer (major General)
January(?) 1(?), 1936 - Berlin - For some months, Heydrich is involved in the preparation of the Olympic Games
January 1(?), 1937 - Berlin(?) - Heydrich directs the SD to secretly begin collecting and analysing public opinion and report back their findings. He then had the Gestapo carry out house searches, arrests, and interrogations, thus in effect exercising control over public opinion

October 19, 1937 - Rome, Italy - Heydrich attends a fashion show in Rome with Benito Mussolini, Heinrich Himmler and Kurt Daluege
February 1(?), 1938 - Berlin(?) - Heydrich intensifies the pressure on Austria by organizing nazi demonstrations and distributing propaganga in Vienna stressing the common Germanic blood of the two countries

March 12, 1938 - Vienna, Austria - Joins austrian SS leader Kaltenbrunner in Vienna

November 10, 1938 - Berlin(?) - Heydrich sends out a telegram to various police organizations giving orders for police behavior during the riots
December 24, 1938 - Berlin(?) - Heydrich advised Gestapo leaders to investigate reasons for arrests, as there were now more prisoners than the space available in concentration camps
January 31, 1939 - Berlin(?) - Heydrich ordered that Jews can only be released from protective custody if they present documents for emigration, and that Jews who were being committed to a concentration camp a second time would be committed to concentration camps for life
February 1(?), 1939 - Kitzbühel, Austria - Heydrich attends a SS ski competition
March 16, 1939 - Prague - Onset of Nazi students in the courtyard of Prague Castle - with Hitler, Himmler and Karl Wolff
July 30, 1939 - Berlin(?) - Heydrich establishes the "Stiftung Nordhav", a foundation to obtain real estate to be used as rest and recreation centers for members of the SS

Heydrich, as a pilot

September 12, 1939 - Märzdorf | Neudorf - Heydrich first sees air action as a gunner, with bomber Group KG55
September 21, 1939 - Berlin(?) - After discussions with Hitler in the preceding weeks, on 21 September SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, head of the SD, advised his staff that Jews were to be collected into cities in Poland with good rail links to facilitate their expulsion from territories controlled by Germany, starting with areas that had been incorporated into the Reich. He announced plans to create a reservation in the General Government (the portion of Poland not incorporated into the Reich), where Jews and others deemed undesirable would await further deportation
September 27, 1939 - Berlin(?) - The SD and Sicherheitspolizei (comprising the Gestapo and Kripo police agencies) were combined into the new SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA; Reich Main Security Office), which was placed under Heydrich's control.
October 1, 1939 - Berlin(?) - The title of "Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD" is conferred on Heydrich
October 17, 1939 - Berlin(?) - Heydrich orders all gypsy populations to cease travelling or face a concentration camp
November 29, 1939 - Berlin(?) - Heydrich issues a cable about the "evacuation of New Eastern Provinces", detailing the deportation of people by railway to concentration camps
January(?) 1(?), 1940 - Werneuchen - Heydrich completes fighter pilot course at Jagdfliegerschule 1 Werneuchen
April 15(?), 1940 - Kristiansand-Kjevik, South Norway - Flies a Bf110 in the Fighter Group II./JG 77 "Herz" as a "hauptmann" (captain)
May 13, 1940 - Stavanger-Sola, Norway - Heydrich's Bf109E-1 crashes during take-off and he is injured
June(?) 1(?), 1940 - Berlin - Heydrich returns to Berlin after another air accident (patrols over north germany and the Netherlands)
August 24, 1940 - Berlin - Heydrich becomes the president of the ICPC (later known as INTERPOL)

March 12, 1941 - Wewelsburg - Himmler summons Heydrich, Daluege and other senior officers to Wewelsburg for a 3-day meeting. He declares that one of the aims of the Russian campaign is "to decimate the Slav population by thirty millions"
May 1(?), 1941 - Jever - Service with Luftwaffe's I./JG 1
July 2, 1941 - Berlin - In a letter dated 2 July 1941 Heydrich communicated to his SS and Police Leaders that the Einsatzgruppen were to execute Comintern officials, ranking members of the Communist Party, extremist and radical Communist Party members, people's commissars, and Jews in party and government posts
July 8, 1941 - Berlin - Heydrich announces that all Jews were to be regarded as partisans, and gives the order for all male Jews between the ages of 15 and 45 to be shot.
July 15(?), 1941 - Bălţi, Moldavia - Heydrich flies his personal Bf 109 with group II./JG 77 as a "Major"
July 17, 1941 - Bălţi, Moldavia - Heydrich orders the four SS Einsatzgruppen under his command to exterminate Jewish and Roma communities in his sphere of influence
July 22, 1941 - over Yampil (olshanka) - Heydrich's Bf109E-7 is hit by soviet anti-aircraft fire (Shot down by Alexander Pokryshkin, according to soviet records). He belly lands behind enemy lines and evades a soviet patrol, contacting a forward german patrol
July 23, 1941 - Bălţi, Moldavia - Heydrich returns to Bălţi
July 31, 1941 - Berlin - Heydrich returns to Berlin and is awarded the EK I. Hermann Göring gives written authorization to Heydrich to prepare and submit a plan for a "total solution of the Jewish question" in territories under German control and to coordinate the participation of all involved government organisations.
September 23, 1941 - Prague - Heydrich arrives in Prague after some weeks serving with the Luftwaffe
September 27, 1941 - Prague - Heydrich is promoted to "SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei" and appointed Deputy Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
September 28, 1941 - Prague - Heydrich orders martial law in Prague
September 29(?), 1941 - Prague - Encounter between Heydrich and the President Hacha of Bohemia and Moravia
October 4, 1941 - Prague - Heydrich meets with Martin Luther and they agree to send a combined delegation from the Foreign Office and IVB4 to Belgrade to investigate
October 10, 1941 - Prague - Heydrich is the senior officer at a "Final Solution" meeting of the RSHA that discussed deporting 50,000 Jews from the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to ghettos in Minsk and Riga. He establishes a camp-ghetto in Sudetenland in southern Germany (occupied Czechoslovakia) that would later be known as the Theresienstadt Concentration Camp. He recommended the site to be used to house deported German, Austrian, and Czechoslovakian Jews. He places Adolf Eichmann and Rolf Günther in charge of establishing this camp-ghetto

October 30, 1941 - Prague - Heydrich appoints Siegfried Seidl the commandant of the camp-ghetto soon to be known as the Theresienstadt Concentration Camp in occupied Czechoslovakia
November 29, 1941 - Prague - Himmler visits Prague. Welcomed by Heydrich and Karl Wolff
December 4, 1941 - Prague - Albert Speer meet Heydrich in Prague to ask him for 15,000 czech workers
January 12, 1942 - Berlin(?) - Göring's birthday with presence of Reinhard Heydrich
January 20, 1942 - Wannsee - Wannsee Conference. At the same time, Prague is taken out of Martial Law
April(?) 2(?), 1942 - Minsk - Heydrich flies to Minsk to deliver in person a stern reprimand to Wilhelm Kube, the Generalkommissar for White Russia

Reinhard Heydrich's funeral, Berlin

May 26, 1942 - Prague - Heydrich and wife Line attend a concert of Richard Bruno Heydrich's music in the Waldstein Palace
May 27, 1942 - Prague-Liben - As Heydrich begins a trip to Berlin to meet Hitler, he is ambushed and wounded by two british-trained czech nationalists
June 2, 1942 - Prague-Liben - Himmler visits Heydrich in the hospital and both have a conversation. After Himmler's visit, Heydrich's state suddenly worsens because of an infection in the stomachal cavity and slips into a coma
June 4, 1942 - Prague-Liben - Reinhard Heydrich dies of sepsis, in consequence of his wounds, aged 38 =(END)

Adolf Eichmann | Timeline

Otto Adolf Eichmann (19 March 1906 – 1 June 1962) was a German Nazi SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) and one of the major organisers of the Holocaust. Eichmann was tasked by SS-Obergruppenführer (general/lieutenant general) Reinhard Heydrich with facilitating and managing the logistics involved in the mass deportation of Jews to ghettos and extermination camps in German-occupied Eastern Europe during World War II. In 1960, Eichmann was captured in Argentina by the Mossad, Israel's intelligence service. Following a widely publicised trial in Israel, he was found guilty of war crimes and hanged in 1962. (Intro from Wikipedia)

Some details are sketchy - Concentration Camp visit dates needed

March 19, 1906 - Solingen, Rhine - Otto Adolf Eichmann is born
January(?) 1(?), 1914 - Linz, Austria - The Eichmann family moves to Linz, where Adolf's father started working one year earlier as a commercial manager for the Linz tramway and electrical company
January(?) 1(?), 1925 - Linz, Austria - Works as a sales clerk for the Oberöterreichische Elektrobau AG radio company
January(?) 1(?), 1927 - Upper Austria | Salzburg - Works as a district agent for the Vacuum Oil Company AG
April 1, 1932 - Linz, Austria - Eichmann joins the austrian branch of the NSDAP (Nazi party)
November 9, 1932 - Linz, Austria - Eichmann joins the Schutzstaffel (SS) =(START)
January(?) 1(?), 1933 - Linz, Austria - Eichmann looses his job due to staffing cutbacks at Vacuum Oil
February 1(?), 1933 - Passau, German-Austrian Border - Eichmann leaves for Passau
August 1, 1933 - Klosterlechfeld - Attends a training programme at the SS depot
September 29, 1933 - Passau, German-Austrian Border - Eichmann returns to the Passau border, where he is assigned to lead a 8-man SS liaison team to guide Austrian National Socialists into Germany and smuggle propaganda material from there to Austria

Adolf Eichmann,
as a SS-Scharführer

December 24, 1933 - Dachau - Eichmann is promoted to SS-Scharführer (sergeant)
January 29, 1934 - Dachau - Eichmann requests transfer to the Sicherheitsdienst (SD:security service) of the SS, to escape "monotony" of military training and service at Dachau
November 1(?), 1934 - Berlin - Eichmann is granted transfer to Leopold von Mildenstein's Jewish Department, Section II/112 of the SD
March 21, 1935 - Berlin - Adolf Eichmann marries Veronika Liebl
September 1, 1935 - Berlin - Eichmann is promoted to SS-Oberscharführer (Staff Sergeant)
September 13, 1935 - Berlin - Eichmann is promoted to SS-Hauptscharführer (Sergeant 1st Class)
May 8, 1936 - Dachau - Himmler and Eichmann inspect Dachau concentration camp
September 26, 1937 - Berlin - Eichmann and Hagen begin their trip to Palestine, travelling via Poland, Romania, Istanbul and Piraeus

June 1(?), 1937 - Berlin - Eichmann destroys his reputation for anonymity when he almost breaks up Rabbi Joachim Prinz's farewell Party, creating a scene that the 2,000 guests were unable to ignore the SS man
July 1, 1937 - Berlin - Eichmann is ordered to Palestine to explore the possibility of deporting Europe's jews to the area
September 29(?), 1937 - Istanbul - Eichmann and Hagen depart to Piraeus
September 30(?), 1937 - Piraeus, Greece - Eichmann and Hagen depart to Haifa
October 2, 1937 - Haifa, Palestine - Eichmann and Hagen arrive in the port of Haifa. The british restrict their stay to 48 hours
October 4, 1937 - Alexandria, Egypt - The "Romania" steamship arrives in Alexandria, Egypt
October 7, 1937 - Cairo - Eichmann and Hagen meet the DNB-representative for Egypt, Gentz and Wilhelm Bormann, a businessman
October 10, 1937 - Cairo - Meetings with Feivel Polkes, of the "Haganah", on 10th and 11th
October 19, 1937 - Alexandria, Egypt - Eichmann and Hagen depart from Egypt
October 21(?), 1937 - Piraeus, Greece(?) - Eichmann and Hagen depart to Istanbul(?)
October 22(?), 1937 - Istanbul(?) - Eichmann and Hagen depart to Berlin?
November 9, 1937 - Berlin - Eichmann is commissioned as an SS-Untersturmführer (second lieutenant)
November 11, 1937 - Nuremberg - Eichmann visits Nuremberg Rally
March 16, 1938 - Vienna, Austria - Eichmann is posted to Vienna to help organise jewish emigration from Austria
July 1(?), 1938 - Vienna, Austria - Eichmann is promoted to SS-Obersturmführer (1st lieutenant)
August 20, 1938 - Vienna, Austria - Eichmann is appointed to the Central Agency for Jewish Emigration in Vienna
January 30, 1939 - Vienna, Austria - Eichmann is promoted to SS-Haupsturmführer (captain)
May 1(?), 1939 - Vienna, Austria - Eichmann leaves Vienna. Until that point, 100,000 jews had left Austria legally and many more smuggled out to Palestine and elsewhere
July 14, 1939 - Prague - Eichmann appears as Walter Stahlecker's "representative" at negotiations with the Protecturate's Government
July 26, 1939 - Prague - Posted in Prague to assist in setting up an emigration office there
October 1(?), 1939 - Berlin - Eichmann is transfered to Berlin to command the Central Office for Jewish Emigration for the entire Reich under Heinrich Müller, head of the Gestapo
November 4, 1939 - Berlin - Eichmann and his superior, SS-Oberscharführer Hagen report to their superiors about Palestine
December 19, 1939 - Berlin - Eichmann is assigned to head RSHA Referat IV B4 (RSHA Sub-Department IV-B4), tasked with overseeing Jewish affairs and evacuation. Heydrich announced Eichmann to be his "special expert", in charge of arranging for all deportations into occupied Poland. The job entailed co-ordinating with police agencies for the physical removal of the Jews, dealing with their confiscated property, and arranging financing and transport.
January 30, 1940 - Berlin - Special Department R, in Office IV is amalgamated with the Reich Central Office for jewish Emigration and became Department IV D4 in the office for occupied territories. The change broadened Eichmann's remit considerably: in addition to forced jewish emigration, he was now responsible for coordinating plans to relocate jews to the East
February 13, 1940 - Berlin - Eichmann’s department organizes forced emigration of Jews of Settin, the first instance of Jews of German nationality being deported from the Old Reich instead of recently annexed territory in the East. 230 people die as a result of this march
April 1(?), 1940 - Posen - Eichmann takes over the Central Resettlement Office with one of his colleagues
June 30, 1940 - Berlin - Hitler approves the Madagascar Plan. Eichmann is charged with the details of it's implementation
August 1, 1940 - Berlin - Eichmann is promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer (Major)
August 15, 1940 - Berlin - Eichmann released a memorandum titled Reichssicherheitshauptamt: Madagaskar Projekt (Reich Main Security Office: Madagascar Project), calling for the resettlement to Madagascar of a million Jews per year for four years.
March 20, 1941 - Berlin(?) - In a meeting at the ministry of Propaganda, Eichmann announces that it would be possible to deport 15,000 jews from Berlin, if they were joined up with the 60,000 jews that Hitler had approved for deportation
July(?) 14(?), 1941 - Bialystok - Eichmann reaches Bialystok on his way driving to Minsk
July(?) 15(?), 1941 - Minsk - Eichmann witnesses a mass shooting near Minsk
September 13, 1941 - Berlin(?) - Telephone conversation with Franz Rademacher about 8,000 jews interned in Serbia. Eichmann suggests shooting them
October 1(?), 1941 - Belzec - Visit to the Belzec Death Camp
October 10, 1941 - Prague - Eichmann is present in Prague when Heydrich announces the deportations to Lodz, Riga and Minsk
November 9, 1941 - Berlin(?) - Eichmann is promoted to SS-Oberturmbannführer (Lieutenant Colonel). He is ordered by Heydrich to prepare the meeting that would become "the Wannsee Conference"
November 29, 1941 - Berlin(?) - Eichmann sends invitations for a ministerial conference to be held on 9 December at the offices of Interpol at 16 Am Kleinen Wannsee
December 9, 1941 - Berlin(?) - The first meeting is cancelled due to the soviet counter-offensive in front of Moscow, ending the prospect of a rapid conquest of the Soviet Union, and Japan's declaration of War to the US (7th)
January 8, 1942 - Berlin(?) - Eichmann sends new invitations to a meeting to be held on 20 January
January 20, 1942 - Wannsee - Wannsee Conference
March 6, 1942 - Berlin(?) - Eichmann meets Franz Rademacher, from the Foreign Office
May 1(?), 1942 - Bratislava - Eichmann arrives in Bratislava for a round of meetings with Mach and the German Legation
May 27, 1942 - Bratislava - Eichmann receives the news of Heydrich's assassination attempt at Prague
June 11, 1942 - Berlin(?) - Eichmann summons the "jewish specialists" from France, Belgium and the Netherlands to Berlin
June 30, 1942 - Paris - Eichmann goes to Paris for two days to be briefed about the situation in France
July 1, 1942 - Paris - Last Paris Conference with Dannecker
July 10, 1942 - Berlin - Dannecker writes to Eichmann, asking what should be done with jewish children whose parents were selected for deportation to Auschwitz
August 28, 1942 - Berlin - Meeting with his "jewish specialists"
October 27, 1942 - Berlin(?) - Eichmann attends a conference on sterilization issues
June 28, 1943 - Theresienstadt - Eichmann and other Sipo-SD officers escort delegates of the German Red Cross to Theresienstadt
December 1(?), 1943 - Lódz, Poland - Business trip to Lódz to discuss the exploitation of jewish labour with the head of Ostindustrie, an SS enterprise
March 19, 1944 - Budapest - Eichmann arrives in Hungary the same day Germany invades the country, and is soon joined by top members of his staff and five or six hundred members of the SD, SS, and Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo; security police)
April 25, 1944 - Budapest - First of a series of meetings with Joel Brand, a hungarian jew and member of the Relief and Rescue Committee
April 28(?), 1944 - Northeastern Hungary - Eichmann tours northeastern Hungary in the last week of April
May 1(?), 1944 - Auschwitz - Eichmann visits Auschwitz to assess the preparations to receive deported hungarian jews
May 14, 1944 - Budapest - From this day, four trains of 3,000 jews per day leave Hungary and travel to the camp at Auschwitz II-Birkenau
June 30, 1944 - Budapest - Eichmann is involved in negotiations with Rudolf Kasztner that resulted in the rescue of 1,684 people, who were sent by train to safety in Switzerland in exchange for three suitcases full of diamonds, gold, cash and securities
July 1(?), 1944 - Budapest - Eichmann, resentful that Kurt Becher and others were becoming involved in Jewish emigration matters, and angered by Himmler's suspension of deportations to the death camps, requests reassignment
July 17, 1944 - Budapest - In spite of the orders to stop, Eichmann personally makes arrangements for additional trains of victims to be sent to Auschwitz
July 19, 1944 - Budapest - In spite of the orders to stop, Eichmann personally makes arrangements for additional trains of victims to be sent to Auschwitz
August 30(?), 1944 - Budapest - Eichmann is assigned to head a commando squad to assist in the evacuation of 10,000 ethnic germans trapped on the hungarian border with Romania in the path of the advancing Red Army. The people they were sent to rescue refused to leave, so instead the soldiers helped evacuate members of a German field hospital trapped close to the front. For this Eichmann was awarded the Iron Cross, Second Class
October 1(?), 1944 - Budapest - Eichmann arranges for tens of thousands of Jewish victims to travel by forced marches in appalling conditions from Budapest to Vienna, a distance of 210 kilometres
November 1(?), 1944 - Budapest - Eichmann arranges for tens of thousands of Jewish victims to travel by forced marches in appalling conditions from Budapest to Vienna, a distance of 210 kilometres
December 24, 1944 - Budapest - Eichmann flees Budapest just before the soviets complete their encirclement of the city
January 1(?), 1945 - Berlin - Eichmann returns to Berlin, where he arranged for the incriminating records of Department IV-B4 to be burned
March 5, 1945 - Theresienstadt - Eichmann visits Theresienstadt to check out the camp before the next Red Cross visit
April 15(?), 1945 - Prague - Ordered back to Prague
May 1, 1945 - Ebensee, Upper Austria - Eichmann reaches Ebensee
May 8, 1945 - Altaussee area, Austria - Along with many SS officers, Eichmann and family were living in safety in Austria when the war in Europe ends
June(?) 1(?), 1945 - Ulm, South Germany - Eichmann and his adjutant Rudolf Janisch are caught by the americans.
August(?) 1(?), 1945 - Weiden, Upper Palatinate - After the americans see his SS tattoo, he admits he is a Junior Lieutenant called Otto Eckmann
February 5, 1946 - Ober-Dachstetten, Franconia - Eichmann escapes the POW camp and heads north, away from the American Zone and towards the Celle District, with forged papers he received at the camp. The papers identify him as a forest ranger named Otto Heninger
March 12, 1946 - Eversen, Lüneburg Heath (near Bremen) - Eichmann becomes a forestry worker with nobody knowing who he was
January(?) 1(?), 1948 - Altensalzkoth area, Austria - Eichmann turns to Chicken Farming after the company he worked for went bankrupt
June 1, 1950 - The International Committee of the Red Cross issues a passport to Eichmann, under the name "Ricardo Klement"
June 17, 1950 - Genoa, Italy - Eichmann departs to Argentina with two other former SS men aboard the "SS Giovanni C"
July 14, 1950 - Buenos Aires, Argentina - Eichmann arrives in Buenos Aires
August(?) 1(?), 1950 - Tucumán, Argentina - Eichmann moves to Tucumán to work for CAPRI, a company that planned hydroelectric power plants.
December 1(?), 1950 - Tucumán - Eichmann writes a coded message to his wife Vera, advising her in code that he was alive and well, and that she should make arrangements to join him in Argentima
April 1(?), 1953 - Buenos Aires - The Capri firm declares bankruptcy and Eichmann moves his family to Buenos Aires
August 19, 1954 - Buenos Aires - Vera Eichmann applies for passports for her two older sons at the German Embassy. She shows her marriage certificate
March 1(?), 1959 - Buenos Aires - Eichmann is hired by Mercedes-Benz, still using the alias of "Ricardo Klement"
March 21, 1960 - Buenos Aires - Eichmann is identified by israeli agents as he entered his house with a bouquet of flowers to celebrate his Silver wedding anniversary
May 11, 1960 - San Fernando, Buenos Aires - Eichmann is captured by a eight-man Mossad team
May 20, 1960 - Buenos Aires - Eichmann is sedated and smuggled out of Argentina aboard an El Al Bristol Britannia
May 21, 1960 - Dakar, Senegal - Stop over Dakar to refuel
May 22, 1960 - Lod Airport, Tel-a-Viv, Israel - The aircraft arrives in Israel and Ben-Gurion announces Eichmann's capture to the Knesset
April 11, 1961 - Jerusalem - 

Adolf Eichmann in captivity

Eichmann's trial before the Jerusalem District Court begins
December 15, 1961 - Jerusalem - Eichmann is sentenced to death by hanging
March 22, 1962 - Appeal hearings take place until 29th
April 30(?), 1962 - Eichmann's wife Vera flies to Israel to see him for a last time
May 29, 1962 - The israeli supreme court rejects the appeal and upholds the District Court's judgement on all counts
June 1, 1962 - Ramla, Israel - Adolf Eichmann is hanged, aged 56 =(END)

Sir John Hawkins | Timeline

Admiral Sir John Hawkins (also spelled as Hawkyns) (1532 – 12 November 1595) was an English naval commander and administrator, merchant, navigator, shipbuilder, privateer and slave trader. He was considered the first English trader to profit from the Triangle Trade, based on selling supplies to colonies ill-supplied by their home countries, and their demand for African slaves in the Spanish colonies of Santo Domingo and Venezuela in the late 16th century. He styled himself "Captain General" as the General of both his own flotilla of ships and those of the English Royal Navy and to distinguish himself from those Admirals that served only in the administrative sense and were not military in nature. His death and that of his cousin and mentoree, Sir Francis Drake, heralded the decline of the Royal Navy for decades before its recovery and eventual dominance again helped by the propaganda of the Navy's glory days under his leadership. (Intro from Wikipedia)

January(?) 1(?), 1532 - Plymouth - John Hawkins is born

October 1, 1562 - Plymouth - John Hawkins sets sail for the Caribbean with three ships, the "Solomon" (120-tons), the "Swallow" (100-tons) and the bark "Jonas" (40-tons) =(START)

October 14(?), 1562 - Tenerife, Canary Islands - The english anchor at Tenerife to bring a pilot aboard

October 29(?), 1562 - Coast of Sierra Leone - Through honest or questionable ways, Hawkins obtains from 300 to 900 slaves of Portuguese ships

April 1(?), 1563 - Isabela, NW of Puerto Rico - John Hawking seeks regions with less surveillance for trade

April 8(?), 1563 - Puerto Plata, Hispaniola - John Hawking seeks regions with less surveillance for trade

April 12(?), 1563 - Montecristi, Hispaniola - John Hawking seeks regions with less surveillance for trade

June 1(?), 1563 - Tenerife, Canary Islands - Hawkins passes by Tenerife on his way to England

September 1, 1563 - Plymouth - John Hawkins returns to England

October 18, 1564 - Plymouth - Hawkins departs for another slave-trade voyage with 4 ships: 700-ton "Jesus of Lubeck", 140-ton "Solomon", 50-ton "Tiger" and the 30-ton pinnace "Swallow"

October(?), 25(?), 1564 - Ferrol, NW Spain - At Ferrol, Hawkins receives his orders

November 7, 1564 - Tenerife, Canary Islands - With the less friendly spaniards, the english manage to outfit the ships with difficulty

November 16(?), 1564 - Tenerife, Canary Islands - Hawkins anchors at Tenerife to consult the pilot Pedro de Ponte

November 29, 1564 - Cape Verde Islands - The english stop at Cape Verde to load the ships with slaves. Others would be loaded later at Sierra Leone

December 25, 1564 - After Christmas prayers, Hawkins buys two caravel loads of slaves from a group of portuguese traders

January 27, 1565 - Sierra Leone - Hawkins attacks a City hoping to capture prisoners.

January 29, 1565 - Sierra Leone - Hawkins sets sail to the Antilles with 400 slaves in the hold

March 9, 1565 - Dominica - Hawkins reaches the Antilles and loads his ships with fresh water at Dominica

March 16, 1565 - Isla Margarita, Venezuela - Trade is denied to him at Margarita Island

April 3, 1565 - Borburata (E. of Puerto Cabello, Venezuela) - After being denied trade, Hawkins arrives at Borburata

April 18, 1565 - Borburata (E. of Puerto Cabello, Venezuela) - After a proof of strenght, Hawkins finally trades with the island's habitants

May 5, 1565 - Borburata (E. of Puerto Cabello, Venezuela) - Hawkins sets sail to Curaçao

May 7, 1565 - Curaçao - The english load their ships with all sorts of provisions

May 16, 1565 - Aruba - Hawkins sails by Aruba

May 19, 1565 - Ríohacha, Colombia - Hawkins uses the same tactic used at Borburata

May 31, 1565 - Ríohacha, Colombia - John Hawkins sets sail to back to England

June 5(?), 1565 - South coast of Jamaica - For lack of knowledge of the currents, they begin to diverge to the west

July 11(?), 1565 - Cape San Antonio, western tip of Cuba - Hawkins sails around Cap San Antonio

July 15, 1565 - Fort Caroline (Jacksonville, Florida) - Hawkins visits Ribaut's huguenot settlement

July 20, 1565 - Fort Caroline (Jacksonville) - Hawkins makes the first report on how the indians smoke tobacco

July 28, 1565 - Fort Caroline (Jacksonville) - Hawkins weighs anchor and sets sail to England

August(?) 23(?), 1565 - Newfoundland Banks, SE Newfoundland, Canada - In the banks of Newfoundland, the english provision their barrels with codfish 

September 20, 1565 - Padstow, Cornwall - Hawkins returns to England

October 20, 1565 - London - John Hawkins visits the Court after his return from North America

November 9, 1566 - Plymouth - Four of Hawkins's ships - The "Paul", the "Solomon", the "Pascoe" and the "Swallow", sail under the command of Captain John Lovell. One of the sailors aboard the "Swallow" is Hawkins's second cousin Francis Drake

October 2, 1567 - Plymouth - John Hawkins sails to the Antilles with 6 ships: 700-ton "Jesus of Lubeck", 300-ton "Minion", 150-ton "William and John", 50-ton bark "Judith", 32-ton "Angel" and the 30-ton pinnace "Swallow". Francis Drake sails with the expedition

Jesus of Lübeck

October 6, 1567 - 40 miles from Cape Finisterre, NW Spain - Hawkins and Drake face a huge storm. The fleet is scattered

October 10, 1567 - 40 miles from Cape Finisterre - After three days, the weather improves. Only the small "Angel" is in sight of the leaky "Jesus of Lubeck"

October 23, 1567 - Tenerife, Canary Islands - Hawkins arrives at Tenerife and finds the "Judith" at anchor

October 30, 1567 - Southern side of Santa Cruz de Tenerife Island - After repairing the "Jesus of Lubeck", Hawkins sails to the friendlier southern side of the island, where he had contacts. There he learns that his missing ships were all safe on the Island of La Gomera, west of Tenerife

November 2, 1567 - La Gomera Island - All the ships are reunited. Their combined companies hold a great celebration and receive gifts from the Spanish Governor and the people of the town of San Sebastian

November 15(?), 1567 - Cape Verde Islands - Hawkins plunders some portuguese ships for african slaves

November 25(?), 1567 - Cape Roxo (Senegal-Guinea-Bissau border) - Hawkins captures the slaves aboard six other portuguese ships

November 30(?), 1567 - Coast of Guinea - Hawkins crosses path with french pirates who had taken a portuguese ship. He seizes the ship and gives it to Francis Drake, his first command

December 5(?), 1567 - Cacheu River (Guinea-Bissau) - Drake leads an expedition up the Cacheu River. He attacks some portuguese ships, loosing four men, but captures no slaves

January 1(?), 1568 - "Island of Conga", Sierra Leone - Hawkins attacks a fortified town on the island of Conga, off the coast of Sierra Leone. With the help of the indigenous Sapi people, he captures another 250 slaves and hands over the town to the Sapi

February(?) 1(?), 1568 - Elmina, Ghana - Hawkins and Drake reach Elmina (portuguese: São Jorge da Mina = St.George of the Mine)

February 3, 1568 - Elmina, Ghana - Hawkins and Drake sail for the Antilles with 500 slaves aboard

March 27, 1568 - Dominica - Hawkins and Drake reach Dominica and replenish their ships with fresh water

April 2, 1568 - Isla Margarita, Venezuela - Hawkins and Drake trade peacefully during eight days

April 14, 1568 - Borburata (E. of Puerto Cabello, Venezuela) - After trading at Burburata, the english careen their ships. Drake receives the command of the "Judith"

June 1, 1568 - Borburata (E. of Puerto Cabello, Venezuela) - Hawkins sails to Ríohacha

June 9, 1568 - Ríohacha, Colombia - Hawkins joins Drake at Ríohacha

June 15, 1568 - Inland Ríohacha - Inland expedition, where treasures are captured

July 10, 1568 - Santa Marta - Hawkins and Drake reach Santa Marta and disguised trade is done

July 16, 1568 - Cartagena, Colombia - Hawkins and Drake arrive in Cartagena

July 24, 1568 - Cartagena, Colombia - Hawkins and Drake depart from Cartagena. Stormy Sea

September 11, 1568 - Alacranes Reef, N of Mérida-Yucatán - A violent storm west of Cuba / Island of Pinos takes the english to the Gulf of Mexico

September 15, 1568 - San Juan de Ulúa, Vera Cruz - Hawkins and Drake arrive off San Juan de Ulúa. They occupy the island on the next day

September 23, 1568 - San Juan de Ulúa, Vera Cruz - Spanish surprise attack. Hawkins and Drake escape with many casualties

October 8, 1568 - Tampico, Mexico - Hawkins escapes to the north and is forced to leave 114 men behind

October 16, 1568 - Tampico, Mexico - After replenishing his ships with fresh water, Hawkins sets sail to Europe. 114 men volunteer to stay behind.

December 31, 1568 - Pontevedra, NW Spain - Hawkins reaches the Spanish Coast before the New Year

January 20, 1569 - Pontevedra - Hawkins brings more crewmen aboard from another english ship and sets sail to England

January 25, 1569 - Mount's Bay, W of Cornwall - Hawkins returns to England

January 27, 1569 - Plymouth - Hawkins anchors at Plymouth

April 1(?), 1571 - London - Sends a letter to Phillip II of Spain pretending to be his subject against Elizabeth I (Ridolfi Plot)

May((?) 1(?), 1571 - London - Hawkins enters the Parliament as MP for Plymouth, as a reward for his role in foiling the plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I

October 11, 1573 - The Strand, Central London - Hawkins is stabbed by a fanatic who confuses him with Sir Christopher Hatton

November 12, 1573 - The Strand, Central London - Peter Burchett, the agressor, is hanged and his hand is cut off and nailed over his head.

January 1, 1578 - London - Appointed Treasurer of the Navy
June 17, 1581 - Mortlake, London - John Dee is visited by John Hawkins (although Dee describes Hawkins as "young Hawkins", he also writes that he had been with Francis Drake, so we concluded he means the father (John) and not the son (Richard), although John Hawkins was only 5 years older than John Dee)

August(?) 1(?), 1586 - Southampton - Sets sail for the coast of Portugal and the Azores with 17 ships to wait for the spanish silver fleet. The plan was to join other english ships near Terceira Island, Azores

August 10(?), 1586 - Coast of Portugal - Hawkins cruises off the Portuguese coast from August until October to shadow french shipping and to intercept the incoming silver convoys

September 30, 1586 - Off Cape Roca, Portugal (westernmost point of Europe) - Three cargo ships from Pernambuco (Brazil) are taken

December(?) 1(?), 1586 - Southampton(?) - Sir John Hawkins returns to England

White Bear, 1587

December 21, 1587 - Chatham - Goes to Chatham to receive the 1,000-tons ship "White Bear".

February 21, 1588 - Plymouth - Preparations for the Defence of England start in Plymouth.

July 21, 1588 - Scilly Islands, W of Cornwall - Hawkins (in the "Victory") and his squadron at the Scilly Islands region, following the great Spanish Armada

July 25, 1588 - Off the Isle of Wight - Seafight against the Spanish Armada.

July 26, 1588 - E. the of Isle of Wight - John Hawkins and Martin Frobisher are knighted by Admiral Howard, on board his flagship "Ark Royal"

July 29, 1588 - Off Gravelines, France - Battle of Gravelines

May 1(?), 1590 - Plymouth - Hawkins and Frobisher set sail to the Coast of Portugal to wait for the Silver Fleet

May 10(?), 1590 - Coast of Portugal - Hawkins and Frobisher arrive to the area to wait for the Silver Fleet. However, Phillip II of Spain forbids its departure.

October 29, 1590 - Plymouth - Hawkins and Frobisher return to England, empty handed

October 31, 1590 - Plymouth - After his return with "empty hands", Hawkins writes a letter to Lord Burghley

July 8, 1592 - Chatham - In Chatham, organizing and helping at the new Hospital "Sir John Hawkyns"

August 28, 1595 - Plymouth - Drake and John Hawkins set sail to the Antilles once more

September 24, 1595 - Lanzerote, Canary Islands - Drake and Hawkins reach the Canary Islands

September 27, 1595 - WSW Lanzerote - After landing, the english replenish their ships with fresh water

October 27, 1595 - E of Martinique - The Island of Martinique is sighted

October 29, 1595 - Guadalupe - The english replenish their ships with fresh water in Guadalupe because of the presence of hostile indians in Dominica. Drake and Hawkins continue their voyage

November 8, 1595 - Virgin Islands - The english anchor at the Virgin Islands. Hawkins gets sick and Drake takes the command of the expedition

November 11, 1595 - SE of Puerto Rico - As the english reach Puerto Rico, Sir John Hawkins expires, aged 63 =(END)