Wednesday, 9 December 2020

Elizabeth I | Timeline

Elizabeth I
(7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603. Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor. (Intro from Wikipedia)

September 7, 1533 - Greenwich - Elizabeth Tudor is born at Greenwich Palace
September 10, 1533 - Greenwich - Elizabeth is baptized at the church of the Observant Friars in Greenwich 
May 19, 1536 - While at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire - Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth's mother, is beheaded
October 12, 1537 - While at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire - Her half-brother Edward, heir to the throne, is born
January 1, 1545 - Hatfield House - Elizabeth presents her father, Henry VIII, with a translation of her stepmother Catherine Parr's "Prayers or Meditations" from english to italian, latin and french
January 28, 1547 - While at Hatfield House - King Henry VIII dies, aged 55. Her 9-year-old
13-year-old Elizabeth Tudor, 1546
half-brother Edward becomes the new King
January 31, 1547 - Westminster Abbey, London - Coronation of Edward VI
May(?) 1(?), 1547 - Chelsea Manor, London - Catherine Parr, Elizabeth's stepmother, marries Thomas Seymour in secret (April or May). Seymour moves into his new wife's house, Chelsea Manor, where the 14-year-old Elizabeth also lived
June(?) 1(?), 1547 - Chelsea Manor - Thomas Seymour begins molesting Elizabeth, tickling her, and slapping her on her behind as she lay in her bed, or coming into her room in his nightclothes
May 1, 1548 - Cheshunt, Hertfordshire - Worried about her husband's flirtatious behavior with Elizabeth, Catherine Parr sends her away to stay with Sir Anthony Denny's household at Cheshunt
September 3, 1548 - While in Cheshunt - Catherine Parr dies due to complications of childbirth, aged 36. Thomas Seymour turns his attention to Elizabeth
October(?) 1(?), 1548 - Hatfield House, Hertfordshire - Elizabeth returns to her childhood house to avoid Thomas Seymour
March 20, 1549 - While at Hatfield House - Thomas Seymour is beheaded for treason
July 6, 1553 - While at Hatfield House - King Edward VI dies, aged 15. His will declared Lady Jane Grey as his heir
July 10, 1553 - While at Hatfield House - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England
July 19, 1553 - While at Hatfield House - The Privy Council switches their allegiance and proclaim Mary Tudor Queen. Jane is arrested with her husband, Guidford Dudley
August 3, 1553 - London - Mary Tudor rides triumphantly into London with Elizabeth at her side =(START)
November 16, 1553 - While at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire(?) - In an attempt to prevent a Royal marriage with Prince Philip of Spain, a Parliamentary delegation formally requests that Queen Mary choose an english husband
February 7, 1554 - While at Hatfield House(?) - The last of Sir Thomas Wyatt's conspiracy supporters surrender
February 10, 1554 - London - Elizabeth is summoned to London for questioning about the attempted coup
February 12, 1554 - London - Lady Jane Grey is beheaded at the Tower of London, aged 16/17
March 18, 1554 - Tower of London - Elizabeth is arrested in the Tower of London in the wake of the Wyatt Rebellion
May 19, 1554 - Tower of London - Unable to find evidence of treachery, the government releases Elizabeth and sends her to house arrest at Woodstock, Oxfordshire
May 20, 1554 - Richmond - Elizabeth spends the night at Richmond, on the way to her new captivity, certain that she would be murdered that night
May 22, 1554 - Woodstock, Oxfordshire - Elizabeth arrives at her new captivity
April 17, 1555 - London - Elizabeth is recalled to Court to attend the final days of Queen Mary's apparent pregnancy
October 1(?), 1555 - Hatfield House, Hertfordshire - The spanish envoy Count of Feria consults with Elizabeth about a marriage with Philip of Spain, now King
November 6, 1558 - While at Hatfield House - Mary recognizes Elizabeth as her heir
November 17, 1558 - Hatfield House, Hertfordshire - Queen Mary dies, aged 42. Royal messengers ride to Hatfield House to take the royal ring. Elizabeth slips it upon her own finger, kneels as a Queen and says "A domino factum est mirabile in oculis nostris” (This is the Lord’s doing, and it is marvelous to our eyes)
November 20, 1558 - Hatfield House - In her first public speech, Elizabeth is clear about her expectations for her Principal Secretary, Sir William Cecil "I give you this charge, that you shall be of my Privy Council and content yourself to take pains for me and my realm. This judgment I have of you: that you will not be corrupted with any manner of gift, and that you will be faithful to the state, and that without respect of my private will, you will give me that counsel that you think best, and if you shall know anything necessary to be declared to me of secrecy, you shall show it to myself only. And assure yourself I will not fail to keep taciturnity, therein, and therefore herewith I charge you"
November 23, 1558 - Charterhouse, Middlesex - Reaches Charterhouse on her way to London
November 28, 1558 - Tower of London - Ceremonial entry through London. Elizabeth I visits the Tower of London, where she was arrested in 1554: "Some have fallen from being princes of this land to be prisoners in this place. I am raised from being a prisoner in this place to be the prince of the land"
December 5, 1558 - Somerset House, Strand, London - Elizabeth stays at Somerset House until December 22nd
December 14, 1558 - Westminster Abbey, London - Queen Mary I's funeral in Westminster Abbey
December 30(?), 1558 - London - Elizabeth’s new lord treasurer, Sir Walter Mildmay, is appointed. He reports that the exchequer is empty
January 12, 1559 - River Thames, London - Ceremonial river procession to the Tower
January 15, 1559 - Westminster Abbey, London - Elizabeth is crowned Queen of England in a date chosen by her astrologer, John Dee
January 23, 1559 - Westminster, London - Elizabeth's first Parliament assembles. One of the new MPs is Francis Walsingham
February 10, 1559 - Westminster, London - First speech to Parliament
February 20(?), 1559 - While in Whitehall, London - Before March 1559, The Book of Sea Causes, the first such register of naval assets and liabilities of its kind, had been compiled by the officers of the queen’s navy, giving the names of all the ships, their tonnage, and number of men. It assessed the state of readiness of the queen’s navy from the detail of her ships; their state of repair, type and quantity of artillery, the victuals in store, and what would be required at what cost to bring Her Majesty’s navy into a fit fighting fleet. The bad-tempered and extremely gifted mariner William Winter, master of the queen’s ordnance for the seas and probable main author of The Book, also reports on the state of all the ordnance and munitions both aboard ship as well as in the queen’s storehouses
March 1(?), 1559 - While in Whitehall, London - Henry II of France militates with the Pope to declare Elizabeth illegitimate and excommunicate her
April 22, 1559 - Windsor - Order of the Garter ceremonies
May 8, 1559 - Westminster, London - The Act of Supremacy and Uniformity becomes law. It makes Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England, abolishing the authority of the Pope in England
July 11, 1559 - Greenwich - Attends a Tournament at Greenwich
August 17, 1559 - West Horsley, Surrey - Stays at West Horsley until August 22nd
August 29, 1559 - Hampton Court Palace, London - Elizabeth receives a secret visit from the Earl of Arran
December 1(?), 1559 - Hampton Court Palace - Dispatches William Wynter to engage the french in battle in the North Sea
July 29, 1560 - Surrey - Summer progress in Surrey and Hampshire (until August 30th)
December 23, 1560 - London(?) - Proclaims that the deadline to hand in the debased testoons stamped with a greyhound would be extended to April 1st 1561
April 22, 1561 - Windsor - Order of the Garter ceremonies
April 30, 1561 - Southwark, London - Letter from the Senate of Cologne: "Having heard that a very considerable amount of arms, offensive and defensive, were being shipped by her order (especially of the kind required for men-at-arms, such as hand-guns) they were unwilling to hinder the quiet transportation of the same for her service. It having just now come to their knowledge however that certain English traders convey these arms either into Muscovy direct, or to parts from which they may be carried thither, contrary to the interests of the empire.”
May 6, 1561 - Southwark - Elizabeth denies all knowledge of such matters and writes back to the Senate of Cologne that “on her royal word” no arms and munitions had been shipped in her name from Hamburg
May 14, 1561 - While in Southwark - Anthony Jenkinson departs for Russia
May 31, 1561 - Southwark - Letter to Elizabeth from the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand - telling her that he had heard these “rumors” and that the Muscovites are greatly encouraged in their belligerence against Poland and the Germanic states by the provision of “warlike matters.” He has therefore given strict orders that no one shall be allowed to transport arms or victuals into Muscovy, and begged the queen to ensure that none of her subjects would go to the country either.
July 10, 1561 - Charterhouse, Middlesex - Four day stay at Charterhouse
July 19, 1561 - Ingatestone, Essex - Four day stay at Ingatestone
August 2, 1561 - Harwich, Essex - Four day stay at Harwich
September 25, 1561 - Whitehall Palace, London - Sir William Cecil's memo for receiving King Eric of Sweden
March 1(?), 1562 - While in Greenwich(?) - An English pinnace, the "Fleur de Lys", is seized in the Canary Islands, and the inquisitors charge her crew with the dastardly crime of “Lutheranism.”
April 17, 1562 - While in Greenwich(?) - Letter from English ambassador in France, Throckmorton, to William Cecil: "Cecil must work with his friends at home, and especially abroad, so that the King of Spain may have his hand full in case he aid [sic] the Papists in France, for there lies danger. The Queen may make her profit of these troubles as the King of Spain intends to do…the Queen must not be idle. I know assuredly that the King of Spain practises to put his foot in Calais. Our friends the Protestants in France must be so handled and dandled that in case the Duke of Guise the Constable, the Marshal St Andre and that sect bring the King of Spain into France, and give them possession of some places and forts, then the Protestants for their defence or for desire of revenge or affliction to the Queen, may be moved to give her possession of Calais, Dieppe, or Newhaven; perhaps all three. This matter must not be moved to any of them or their ministers, for it will fall out more aptly of itself upon their demands of aid and especially when the Prince of Condé and the Protestants perceive the Papists bring strangers into France, and give the King of Spain interest in all things".
June 1(?), 1562 - While in Greenwich(?) - Jenkinson is finally given a safe conduct from court and allowed once more to journey down the Volga to the Caspian Sea, but aside from a sumptuous welcome and friendly relationship that developed with Abdullah Khan in Shirvan, the trading mission to Persia proves a disaster
August 7, 1562 - Greenwich - Audiences begin with Marshal Vielleville
September 30, 1562 - Hampton Court Palace, London - Letter to King Philip II of Spain: "Wherein it may appear that we mean to do to no person wrong but to provide and foresee how apparent dangers to our estate may be diverted, and that we might not remain in this kind of unsurety to have our Calais restored to us…"
October 10, 1562 - Hampton Court Palace - Elizabeth catches smallpox. Although the disease doesn't leave her badly scarred like Lady Mary Sidney, the friend who nursed her, it leaves Elizabeth half bald and dependent on wigs and cosmetics
November 20, 1562 - While in Hampton Court - Ocupation of Le Havre
January 12, 1562 - Westminster, London - Opening of the Parliament
July 28, 1563 - While in Windsor(?) - End of the ocupation of the plague-ridden Le Havre
December 10, 1563 - Windsor - Elizabeth spends the Winter at Windsor
April 23, 1564 - Windsor - Proclamation of Peace, and Garter ceremonies
June 18, 1564 - Greenwich - The new spanish Ambassador, Diego Guzmán de Silva, arrives
June 22, 1564 - Greenwich - First audience with spanish ambassador De Silva
July 5, 1564 - London(?) - Queen Elizabeth visits Sir Richard Sackville. Play and Masque at his house
July 14, 1564 - Greenwich - Dr. John Dee visits the Queen
August 5, 1564 - Cambridge - Visit to Cambridge (until August 10th)
August 10, 1564 - Hinchingbrooke - Masque at Hinchingbrooke
September 29, 1564 - St.James's Palace, London - Lord Robert Dudley is created Earl of Leicester
January 7, 1565 - Whitehall Palace, London - Elizabeth attends a tournament
July 16, 1565 - Durham House, Strand, London - Attends Henry Knollys's marriage
October 20, 1565 - London - John Hawkins visits the Court after his return from North America
April 2, 1566 - London - Meeting with the Earl of Leicester
July 1, 1566 - Moulsham, Essex(?) - Attends Thomas Mildmay's marriage and a masque
August 6, 1566 - Stamford, Lincolnshire - Visit to Stamford
August 17, 1566 - Coventry, Warwickshire - Visit to Coventry
August 19, 1566 - Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire - Three day stay at Kenilworth Castle
August 23, 1566 - Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire - Nine day stay at Woodstock Palace
August 31, 1566 - Oxford - Seven day visit to Oxford
September 30, 1566 - Wesminster, London - Parliament resumes
January 2, 1567 - Westminster - Closing of the Parliament. Queen Elizabeth's speech
January 16, 1567 - Surrey | Middlesex - Short progress in Surrey and Middlesex
February 14, 1567 - London - Queen Elizabeth receives news of the murder of the King of Scots
February 24, 1567 - London - Letter to Mary Queen of the Scots: "Madame, My ears have been so deafened and my understanding so grieved and my heart so affrighted to hear the dreadful news of the abominable murder of your mad husband and my killed cousin that I scarcely yet have the wits to write about it…. However, I will not at all dissemble what most people are talking about: which is that you will look through your fingers [pretend to ignore] at the revenging of this deed, and that you do not take the measures that touch those who have done as you wished, as if the thing had been entrusted in a way that the murderers felt assurance in doing it".
July 6, 1568 - Charterhouse, Middlesex - At Charterhouse with several ambassadors (until July 12th)
August 14, 1568 - Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire - Six day stay at Kenilworth Castle
September 3, 1568 - While in Hampton Court - The new spanish ambassador, Guerau de Espés, arrives in England
September 8, 1568 - Hampton Court Palace, London - Cardinal de Châtillon arrives in England as a Huguenot refugee. He stays at the English Court until his death in 1571
November 18, 1568 - Hampton Court Palace - Charges against the Duke of Norfolk
November 29, 1568 - While in Hampton Court - Spanish treasure-ships at english ports
January 1(?), 1569 - London - Royal Proclamation: "Her Majesty commands all and every, her justices and officials within her towns, cities, ports, and other places under her government, to take steps to detain and arrest with all their goods, chattels, and ships, all subjects born in the dominions of the King of Spain, in order that they may be held as security and pledges for the damages and loss received, without just or apparent cause, by the subjects of Her Majesty, and for other reasons which may appear…."
January 8, 1569 - London - The spanish ambassador, De Spes, is confined to his house (until July 5th)
August 9, 1569 - Guildford - At Guildford
August 12, 1569 - Farnham Castle - At Farnham Castle
August 31, 1569 - Titchfield, Hampshire - Eight day stay at Titchfield
September 9, 1569 - Southampton - Seven day stay at Southampton
September 27, 1569 - London - The Duke of Norfolk is summoned by the Queen
September 30, 1569 - London - The Duke of Norfolk is summoned by the Queen
October 2, 1569 - London - The Duke of Norfolk is summoned by the Queen
October 11, 1569 - London - The Duke of Norfolk is arrested in the Tower of London for dealings with the Queen of Scots
December 24, 1569 - While in London - Queen Elizabeth orders Queen Mary transferred back to the ruined Tutbury Castle in the wintry weather of Christmas Eve 1569
January(?) 1(?), 1570 - London - Elizabeth chooses Walsingham to support the Huguenots in their negotiations with Charles IX of France
February 25, 1570 - While in London - Pope Pius V publishes the "Regnans in excelsis", excommunicating Queen Elizabeth, a heretic
July 19, 1570 - Chenies, Buckinghamshire - Stay at Chenies (until August 14th)
October 20, 1570 - London(?) - Henri Duke of Anjou secretly suggested as a suitor to the Queen
January 23, 1571 - London - Queen Elizabeth visits and names the Royal Exchange in London
March 25, 1571 - London - Banker Robert Ridolfi arrives at Court
April 12, 1571 - While in London - Ridolfi Plot - Charles Baille, a messenger of the banker Roberto Ridolfi is arrested at Dover for carrying compromising letters
May 29, 1571 - Westminster, London - Closing of the Parliament. Queen Elizabeth's speech
June 27, 1571 - Oxford - Queen Elizabeth founds Jesus College in Oxford
August 10, 1571 - Hatfield House, Hertfordshire - Twelve day stay at Hatfield House
August 27, 1571 - Saffron Walden, Essex - Eight day stay at Saffron Walden
August 29, 1571 - While at Saffron Walden - Norfolk's secretaries William Barker and Robert Higford entrust to Thomas Browne, a Shrewsbury draper, a bag of silver coins for delivery to Laurence Bannister, one of Norfolk's officials in the north of England. Browne grows suspicious of the bag's weight, opens it, and discovers 600 pounds in gold from the French ambassador, destined for Scotland on Mary's behalf, and ciphered letters. Because he knew Norfolk was under suspicion, Browne reports his find to William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, the Secretary of State. Higford and Barker are interrogated, the letters are partly deciphered, and a search for the cipher key at Howard House uncovers a ciphered letter from Mary Stuart hidden under a doormat.
Norfolk's servants are arrested and interrogated, and confessions are extracted from them by threats or application of torture. Sir Thomas Smith and Thomas Wilson are sent to confront Norfolk, who claims the money was for his own private purposes. The deciphered letter, however, proves that he was lying. Unaware of his servants' confessions or the survival of letters which, contrary to his instructions, had not been burnt, he denies the charges against him
September 5, 1571 - London - The plot involving the Duke of Norfolk and the Queen of Scots is, at last, discovered
September 7, 1571 - London - The queen's warrant for conveying the Duke of Norfolk to the Tower of London arrives. Thereupon, the duke admitts a degree of involvement in the transmission of money and correspondence to Mary's Scottish supporters
November 8, 1571 - London - Thanksgiving for the victory at the Battle of Lepanto
December 14, 1571 - London - In retaliation for the Spanish involvement in the plot, the Spanish Ambassador, Guerau de Espés, is expelled
January 16, 1572 - London - Norfolk is tried and convicted on three counts of high treason
February 1, 1572 - London - Letter to Mary Queen of the Scots: "to consider that it is not the manner to obtain good things with evil speeches,” she admonishes her cousin, “nor benefits with injurious challenges, nor to get good to yourself with doing evil to another.”
June 2, 1572 - Tower Hill, London - Norfolk is beheaded at Tower Hill
June 17, 1572 - Windsor - Installation of the Duke of Montmorency and other Order of the Garter knights
June 22, 1572 - Windsor - Masque for the french visitors
June 30, 1572 - Westminster, London - Closing of the Parliament. Queen Elizabeth's speech
July 22, 1572 - Theobalds, Hertfordshire - Queen Elizabeth stays with Lord Burghley at Theobalds (until July 26th)
August 11, 1572 - Warwick - Stay at Warwick
August 13, 1572 - Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire - Stay at Kenilworth Castle
August 17, 1572 - Warwick - Fireworks at Warwick
August 18, 1572 - Kenilworth Castle - Returns to Kenilworth Castle
August 29, 1572 - London(?) - Queen Elizabeth receives the news of the St.Bartholomew Day Massacre in France
September 3, 1572 - Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire - Queen Elizabeth arrives at Woodstock Palace (stays until September 17th)
September 8, 1572 - Woodstock Palace - First audience with the french ambassador since the Massacre
September 20, 1572 - Reading - Eight day stay at Reading
October 4, 1572 - London(?) - Queen Elizabeth allegedly has smallpox for the second time (she recovers after 10 days)
February 23, 1573 - Hertfordshire - Short progress in Hertfordshire
March 19, 1573 - Greenwich Palace, London - At Maundy, Greenwich Palace
June 7, 1573 - While in Greenwich(?) - Letter from Christopher Hatton
June 17, 1573 - While in Greenwich(?) - Letter from Christopher Hatton
July 21, 1573 - Orpington, Kent - Four day stay at Orpington
August 10, 1573 - While in Kent - Letter from Christopher Hatton
August 11, 1573 - Rye - Four day visit to Rye
August 25, 1573 - Dover - Six day stay at Dover
August 31, 1573 - Sandwich - Four day stay at Sandwich
September 3, 1573 - Canterbury - Queen Elizabeth arrives at Canterbury
September 7, 1573 - Canterbury - First presentation of Thomas Tallis's Motet "Spem in Alium" for 40 voices, probably celebrating Queen Elizabeth's 40th Anniversary
September 16, 1573 - Faversham - Three day stay at Faversham
September 19, 1573 - Rochester - Four day stay at Rochester
July 15, 1574 - Reading - Seven day stay at Reading with the Spanish and French ambassadors
August 6 , 1574 - Gloucester - Four day stay at Gloucester
August 11, 1574 - Berkeley, England - Hunting at Berkeley
August 14, 1574 - Bristol - Eight day stay at Bristol
August 21, 1574 - Bath - Three day stay at Bath
September 2, 1574 - Longleat - Visit to Longleat
September 3, 1574 - Wilton - Four day stay at Wilton
September 6, 1574 - Salisbury - Four day stay at Salisbury
November 17, 1574 - London(?) - Accession Day celebrations
March 16, 1575 - Mortlake, London - Katherine Constable (John Dee's wife) dies on the day Queen Elizabeth goes to Dee's house to visit his library
May 8, 1575 - Windsor - Installation of Lord Howard of Effingham as an Order of the Garter Knight
May 24, 1575 - Theobalds, Hertfordshire - Queen Elizabeth spends two weeks with Lord Burghley at Theobalds
June 6, 1575 - Hatfield House, Hertfordshire - Nine day stay at Hatfield House
June 18, 1575 - Grafton, Northamptonshire - Staying at Grafton until July 7th
July 9, 1575 - Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire - Elizabeth stays at the castle of her great friend Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester (until July 27th)
July 28, 1575 - Lichfield, Staffordshire - Six day stay at Lichfield
August 8, 1575 - Stafford Castle - At Stafford Castle
August 13, 1575 - Worcester - Eight day stay at Worcester
August 29, 1575 - Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire - At Woodstock Palace until October 4th
November 20, 1575 - Windsor - Receives Venetian noblemen at Court
March 15, 1576 - Westminster, London - Close of Parliament. Queen's speech
April 21, 1576 - Windsor - Garter Ceremonies (until April 25th)
May 9, 1576 - Middlesex | Surrey - Short progress in Middlesex and Surrey
June 7, 1576 - Greenwich Palace - Queen Elizabeth bids farewell to Martin Frobisher, who was sailing from the River Thames to find a Northeast passage to Cathay, "shaking her hand" at him "out of the window"
July 30, 1576 - Middlesex | Essex | Hertfordshire | Buckinghamshire - Progress in Middlesex, Essex, Hertfordshire and buckinghamshire (until September 3rd)
September 10, 1576 - Surrey | Hampshire| Berkshire - Progress in Surrey, Hampshire and Berkshire (until October 9th)
November 17, 1576 - London(?) - Accession Day celebrations
May 9, 1577 - Middlesex | Surrey - Short progress in Middlesex and Surrey
May 18, 1577 - Greenwich Palace - Martin Frobisher visits the Court
June 22, 1577 - Greenwich Palace - The Viscount of Ghent, Juan de Austria's envoy, arrives at the English Court
June 24, 1577 - St.Mary Overy's Church, Southwark - Attends the Earl of Cumberland's marriage to Lady Margaret Russell, daughter of the Earl of Bedford
September 24, 1577 - Windsor - Martin Frobisher visits the Queen after his return from North America
November 6, 1577 - Windsor - Sir Humphrey Gilbert presents the Queen with a new discourse entitled "How her Majesty may annoy the King of Spain"
November 22, 1577 - Windsor - John Dee rides to Windsor to meet Queen Elizabeth
November 25, 1577 - Windsor - Meeting with John Dee
November 28, 1577 - Windsor - Meeting with John Dee
March 12, 1578 - Hampton Court Palace, London - The New spanish ambassor, Bernardino de Mendoza, arrives
March 16, 1578 - Hampton Court palace - First audience with the new spanish ambassador
May 14, 1578 - Wanstead, NE London - Attends Philip Sidney's "Lady of May"
May 21, 1578 - Hampton Court Palace - Martin Frobisher visits the Court
June 11, 1578 - Hampton Court Palace - Elizabeth grants Humphrey Gilbert a patent "to discover and inhabit some strange place not actually possessed of any Christian prince or people"
August 3, 1578 - Long Melford, Suffolk - Two envoys from the Duke of Alençon discuss with the Queen the possibility of her marriage with the french noble
August 9, 1578 - Euston, Suffolk - Elizabeth arrives at Euston
August 16, 1578 - Norwich - Elizabeth arrives at Norwich
August 19, 1578 - Norwich - An ambassador from the King of France arrives to negotiate her marriage to the Duke of Alençon
August 21, 1578 - Norwich - Elizabeth attends a masque at Bishop's Palace in Norwich. She is addressed as "Virgin Queen" for the first time
September 1, 1578 - Kirtling, Cambridgeshire - Elizabeth arrives at Kirtling
September 21, 1578 - While in London - The Earl of Leicester marries in secret at Wanstead
September 23, 1578 - Wanstead, NE London - Dinner at the Earl of Leicester's house (not knowing he had married)
September 25, 1578 - Richmond, London - Elizabeth goes to Richmond, from Greenwich
October 8, 1578 - Richmond - Conference with John Dee at Richmond
October 16, 1578 - Richmond - Dr.Bailey confers of the Queen her disease
October 28, 1578 - Richmond - Sir Francis Walsingham and the Earl of Leicester summon John Dee to meet the Queen
January 5, 1579 - Richmond - Jehan de Simier, Alençon's envoy, arrives in London to negotiate the marriage contract
January 6, 1579 - Richmond - Ball in honor of Simier
February 1, 1579 - Whitehall, London - Attends a tournament at Whitehall
June 14, 1579 - Whitehall - The Queen learns of the Earl of Leicester's secret marriage in 1578
July 17, 1579 - near Greenwich - While being rowed in her barge near Greenwich, Elizabeth survives an attempt against her life. One of her bargemen takes two shots in his arms and falls close to the Queen
August 17, 1579 - Greenwich - Alençon arrives at the english Court
August 28, 1579 - Greenwich - Alençon leaves Greenwich abruptly after receiving news of the murder of his friend, Bussy D'Ambois
September 15, 1579 - New Hall, Essex - Seven day stay at New Hall. Attends a tournament
November 10, 1579 - Greenwich - Elizabeth I decides to marry Alençon
November 24, 1579 - Greenwich - Agreement for the marriage is reached. Simier leaves Greenwich the next day
December 30(?), 1579 - Whitehall, London - The Court moves from Greenwich to Whitehall at the end of the year
January 27, 1580 - Whitehall - Elizabeth walks in the Whitehall Gardens in private conversation with the Earl of Oxford
January 30, 1580 - Whitehall - Elizabeth sends the Earl of Oxford to house arrest again
February 15, 1580 - Charterhouse, Middlesex - Attends Robert Sackville's marriage at Charterhouse
March 10, 1580 - London - Visit to the French Ambassador's house
June 18, 1580 - London - The Prince of Condé secretly visits the Queen (until July 1st)
September 6, 1580 - Richmond - The Queen goes to Richmond
September 7, 1580 - Richmond - Letter from Christopher Hatton
September 17, 1580 - Mortlake, London - Queen Elizabeth goes to Mortlake in her coach, looking for John Dee at his house
September 19, 1580 - Richmond - Letter from Christopher Hatton
October 3, 1580 - Richmond - John Dee's diary: "I delivered my two rolls of the Quene’s Majesties title unto herself in the garden at Richemond, who appointed after dynner to heare furder of the matter"
October 10, 1580 - Mortlake, London - Queen Elizabeth goes to Mortlake in her coach, looking for John Dee at his house, offering him confort while his mother is dying
December 6, 1580 - Richmond - Queen Elizabeth leaves Richmond
January 22, 1581 - Whitehall, London - Attends a Tournament
February 16, 1581 - Whitehall - The Duke of Alençon's envoy, Marchaumont, arrives with Jean Bodin
April 4, 1581 - Deptford - Francis Drake is knighted by the Queen, aboard the "Golden Hind"
June 22, 1581 - Whitehall, London - Don Antonio (Prior of Crato), the deposed King of Portugal, arrives in England (Stays until September 30th)
July 12, 1581 - Whitehall - The Earls of Leicester and Sussex quarrel at Court
October 31, 1581 - Whitehall - The Duke of Alençon arrives at the English Court, as suitor to the Queen
January 1, 1582 - Whitehall - Burghley writes to Grey in Ireland, telling him of the Queen's enthusiasm for Raleigh's plan to subdue Munster (in Ireland)
January 20(?), 1582 - Whitehall - Walter Raleigh returns to Court. Elizabeth, tired of the Anjou courtship, begins noticing him
February 1, 1582 - Whitehall - The Duke of Anjou and Alençon departs to the Netherlands, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth, with an entourage of 100 gentlemen, including the Earl of Leicester and Walter Raleigh
February 4, 1582 - Rochester, River Medway - Queen Elizabeth bids farewell to the Duke of Anjou and Alençon and returns to London
February 5, 1582 - Canterbury - Nine day stay at Canterbury
March 23, 1582 - London - Raleigh returns to London and delivers his package to Walsingham (and probably to Queen Elizabeth)
May 1(?), 1582 - London - Letters from the spanish ambassador in England, Bernardino de Mendoza, to contacts in Scotland are found on a messenger, and forwarded to Walsingham
May 4, 1582 - Greenwich - Queen Elizabeth grants Raleigh "the farm of wines" - the exclusive right to license vintners in England - anyone who wished to sell wine had to pay Raleigh an annual fee of £1 for the right to do so
January(?) 1(?), 1583 - Richmond, London - Elizabeth offers Raleigh a London home - Durham House
February 15, 1583 - Mortlake, London - John Dee's Diary: "the Quene lying at Richemond went to Mr. Secretary Walsingham to dynner; she coming by my dore gratiously called me to her, and so I went by her horse side as far as where Mr. Hudson dwelt"
April 18, 1583 - Greenwich - While the Court moves to Greenwich, Raleigh invites the Queen to visit John Dee at Mortlake
April 20, 1583 - Greenwich - Letter from Walsingham to Burghley (who had withdrawn to Theobalds after her daughter's death) on the Queen's behalf: "Her Majesty hath willed me to signify unto your Lordship that as she hath been pleased for a time to permit you to wrestle with nature … so now she thinketh that if the health of your body may so permit you, you should do better to occupy yourself in dealing in public affairs than by secluding yourself from access to give yourself over a prey to grief."
April 30(?), 1583 - While in Greenwich - Giordano Bruno arrives in England
May 27, 1583 - Theobalds, Hertfordshire - The Court moves to Burghley's palace at Theobalds, Hertfordshire
June 1, 1583 - Theobalds - Elizabeth summons Oxford to her presence
July 31, 1583 - Mortlake, London - Queen Elizabeth leaves Greenwich and goes to John Dee's house
August 18, 1583 - While in Greenwich(?) - First news of the Throckmorton Plot
November 19, 1583 - Whitehall, London - After six months of surveillance, Walsingham has Francis Throckmorton arrested, and then tortured to secure a confession - an admission of guilt that clearly implicated Mendoza, the Spanish ambassador
December 20(?), 1583 - Whitehall - Queen Elizabeth rides with french ambassador Mauvissière from Hampton Court to Whitehall: "Not everyone wishes me dead"
January 9, 1584 - Whitehall - Elizabeth expels the spanish Ambassador Mendoza, when he looses his temper and says that as he had "apparently failed to please [Elizabeth] as a minister of peace she would in future force me to try to satisfy her in war"
March 25, 1584 - Whitehall - Queen Elizabeth I grants Raleigh a charter for the colonization of the area of North America. This charter specified that Raleigh needed to establish a colony in North America, or lose his right to colonization. Queen Elizabeth proposes the name "Virginia" for the new country
May 1, 1584 - Whitehall - Elizabeth is devastated when her last suitor dies of illness
June 16, 1584 - Whitehall - The Queen is informed of the Duke of Anjou and Alençon's death
July 1(?), 1584 - Tyburn, London - Sir Francis Throckmorton is executed
July 10, 1584 - Whitehall, London(?) - Prince William of Orange is assassinated in Delft, Netherlands
July 15(?), 1584 - Whitehall(?) - Elizabeth issues a decree which prevents all communication to and from Mary
November 12, 1584 - St.James's Palace, London - Returns to St.James's Palace
November 23, 1584 - Westminster, London - Opening of the Parliament
December 25, 1584 - Greenwich - Christmas season at the Greenwich Palace. Elizabeth dresses with black velvet in mourning of her protestant ally, the Prince of Orange, and her last marriage suitor, the Catholic Duke of Alençon
January 6, 1585 - Greenwich - Walter Raleigh makes his way to the Court at Greenwich by boat. After theater and a masque in which Elizabeth dances, Walter Raleigh is knighted by the Queen. She also presents him with the 180-ton ship "Tiger", used by Winter in Smerwick Bay (1580), to add to his fleet
February 27, 1585 - Somerset House, London - Clergy deputation with Queen Elizabeth
March 29, 1585 - Westminster, London - Close of Parliament. Queen's speech
June 14, 1585 - Theobalds, Hertfordshire - Six day stay with Lord Burghley at Theobalds
June 23, 1585 - London - St.John's Eve and St.Peter's Eve watches
June 29, 1585 - Greenwich - Audience with dutch deputies
July 26, 1585 - Nonsuch Palace, SW of London - Audience with dutch deputies
August 10, 1585 - Nonsuch Palace - In response to the Treaty of Joinville (1584), Elizabeth signs the Treaty of Nonsuch with the dutch rebels fighting against the Spanish Rule
August 17, 1585 - While in Nonsuch Palace - Antwerp falls to the Duke of Parma
September 7, 1585 - While in Nonsuch Palace(?) - Don Antonio (Prior of Crato) returns to England (stays until December 1593)
September 15(?), 1585 - While in Nonsuch Palace(?) - The Queen rewards Raleigh by appointing him Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall
November 1(?), 1585 - While in Nonsuch Palace(?) - The Queen rewards Raleigh by appointing him Vice-Admiral of Devon and Cornwall
December 9, 1585 - London - Sends the Earl of Leicester to command the english forces in the Low Countries
December 23, 1585 - While in London - The Prince of Condé visits Plymouth
December 25, 1585 - London - By Christmas, Elizabeth orders Mary Queen of Scots to be transferred in a coach and under heavy guard and placed under the strictest confinement at Chartley Hall in Staffordshire, under the control of Sir Amias Paulet. She is prohibited any correspondence with the outside world. Puritan Paulet is chosen by Queen Elizabeth in part because he abhorred Queen Mary's Catholic faith.
January 26, 1586 - London - The Queen forbids Leicester to accept absolute government
June 5, 1586 - While in Windsor(?) - Anthony Babington and other conspirators meet
July 6, 1586 - While in Windsor(?) - Sir Anthony Babington writes to Mary Stuart, telling her that he and a group of friends were planning to assassinate Elizabeth, whom she (the Queen of Scots) would succeed. The Treaty of Berwick is signed
July 7, 1586 - While in Windsor(?) - The only Babington letter that was sent to Mary is decoded by the spy decipher Phelippes
July 17, 1586 - While in Windsor(?) - Mary responds in code ordering the would-be rescuers to assassinate Queen Elizabeth. The response letter also included deciphered phrases indicating her desire to be rescued: "The affairs being thus prepared" and "I may suddenly be transported out of this place"
September 15, 1586 - Windsor - Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa is sent to meet Raleigh at Windsor, to where Queen Elizabeth had retreated
September 20, 1586 - While at Windsor - Sir Anthony Babington is hanged, drawn and quartered at Holborn, London
October 10, 1586 - While in Windsor(?) - Lord Burghley and Walsingham use the letter against Mary who refuses to admit that she is guilty. But she is betrayed by her secretaries Nau and Curle who confess under pressure that the letter is mainly truthful
February 1, 1587 - Greenwich - Elizabeth signs the warrant for Mary's execution
February 8, 1587 - While in Greenwich - Mary, Queen of Scots, is beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle, in front of 300 witnesses
February 9, 1587 - Greenwich - Elizabeth receives the news of Mary's execution. Celebrations in London
February 20, 1587 - Greenwich - While speaking with Queen Elizabeth, secretary Davidson appears. The Queen tells him about a dream she had, where Mary Stuart had been executed, making her so mad that she couldn't account for her actions. (Elizabeth wanted to share the burden of responsability for Mary's death)
March 16, 1587 - London - Queen Elizabeth grants Drake with 4 ships and 2 pinnaces. Signs contract with merchants
April 29, 1587 - Croydon - French Ambassador audience at Croydon
April 30(?), 1587 - Croydon(?) - Queen Elizabeth appoints Walter Raleigh as Captain of her Guard
May 6, 1587 - Croydon(?) - Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, becomes the Queen's new favourite
July 8, 1587 - Theobalds, Hertfordshire - Elizabeth stays at Theobalds with Lord Burghley until August 15th
January 19, 1588 - Surrey | Middlesex - Short progress in Surrey and Middlesex
April 13, 1588 - London - Letter from Sir Francis Drake: "The advantage of time and place, in all martial actions is half the victory"
July 27, 1588 - London - The Earl of Leicester invites the Queen to visit Tilbury camp
The "Armada Portrait", 1588
August 9, 1588 - Tilbury, Essex -
Wearing a steel cuirass over her velvet gown, Elizabeth delivers a speech to the troops at Tilbury: "My loving people, we have been persuaded by some that are careful of our safety, to take heed how we commit ourself to armed multitudes for fear of treachery; but I assure you, I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people ... I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a King of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any Prince of Europe should dare to invade the borders of my realm"
August 12, 1588 - London - Show of horsemen before the Queen
August 19, 1588 - London - Show of horsemen before the Queen
August 20, 1588 - London - Show of horsemen before the Queen
August 29, 1588 - London - The Earl of Leicester sends a last letter to Queen Elizabeth
September 7, 1588 - London - Elizabeth enters in deep grief after Leicester's death
November 17, 1588 - London - Thanksgiving for the defeat of the Spanish Armada
November 24, 1588 - St.Paul's Cathedral, London - Armada Thanksgiving service
April 3, 1589 - London - Elizabeth receives news of the Earl of Essex's departure to Portugal
April 14, 1589 - London - The Earl of Arundel is tried for high Treason and condemned to death, but his sentenced is not executed
December 19, 1589 - Richmond - John Dee visits Queen Elizabeth at Richmond
June 2, 1590 - Waltham Forest, Essex - Elizabeth hunts and dines in Waltham Forest, Essex
July 31, 1590 - Surrey | Berkshire - Short progress in Surrey and Berkshire
October 16, 1590 - London(?) - The Earl of Essex's marriage to Lady Sidney becomes known
November 5, 1590 - London(?) - Viscount Turenne visits the English Court
November 17, 1590 - London(?) - Accession Day celebrations. The Queen's champion, Sir Henry Lee, resigns in favour of the Earl of Cumberland
November 20, 1590 - Richmond - Queen Elizabeth goes to Richmond
November 27, 1590 - Richmond - Queen Elizabeth summons John Dee to Richmond
December 4, 1590 - Mortlake, London - Queen Elizabeth goes to Mortlake in her coach, wearing a mask, to leave a message with John Dee
December 14, 1590 - Mortlake - Queen Elizabeth looks for John Dee at his house in Mortlake
February 26, 1591 - London - Attends John Harington's "Orlando Furioso"
May 5, 1591 - Middlesex | Hertfordshire - Progress in Middlesex and Hertfordshire
May 10, 1591 - Theobalds, Hertfordshire - Staying at Theobalds with Lord Burghley (until May 20th)
July 1, 1591 - Heneage House, London - Visit to Heneage House, London
August 14, 1591 - Cowdray House, E. of Midhurst, West Sussex - Elizabeth honours Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu by spending 6 days at Cowdray House
August 26, 1591 - Portsmouth - Queen Elizabeth arrives in Portsmouth
August 30, 1591 - Portchester - Impromptu dinner at Portchester
September 4, 1591 - Southampton - Elizabeth arrives in Southampton 
September 9, 1591 - London - Letter to George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland
September 20, 1591 - Elvetham - Four day stay at Elvetham
November 11, 1591 - Ely Place, Holborn, London - Elizabeth stays with Sir Christopher Hatton (until November15th) who was in his deathbed
February 28, 1592 - London - Lady Raleigh (Elizabeth Throckmorton) leaves the Court
April 7, 1592 - Middlesex | Surrey | Kent - Progress in Middlesex, Surrey and Kent
June 19, 1592 - Windsor - Cavalcade to Windsor and installation of Garter Knights
August 12, 1592 - Bisham, Berkshire - Three day stay at Bisham
August 15, 1592 - Reading - Five day stay at Reading
August 26, 1592 - Ramsbury, Wiltshire - Four day stay at Ramsbury
September 9, 1592 - Sudeley Castle, Gloucestershire - Six day stay at Sudeley Castle
September 18, 1592 - Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire - Five day stay at Woodstock Palace. At Ditchley, Oxfordshire, on September 21st and 22nd
September 22, 1592 - Oxford - Seven day visit to Oxford
September 27, 1592 - Oxford - While at Oxford, John Dee given the degree of M.A. The Queen attends the ceremony
September 28, 1592 - Rycote, Oxfordshire - Speech at Rycote, Oxfordshire
October 19, 1592 - Hampton Court Palace, London - An elephant is brought from France as a gift to the Queen
December 1, 1592 - Hampton Court Palace - Elizabeth I grants 100 marks to John Dee
December 21, 1592 - Hampton Court Palace - Warrant issued by the Queen prohibiting all import of pepper for one year, or longer, according to the Lord Treasurer's discretion
February 15, 1593 - Hampton Court Palace - Before moving to Somerset House, Elizabeth receives a letter of gratitude from John Dee
April 6, 1593 - Hampton Court Palace - News arrive of William Cecil's secret marriage
April 10, 1593 - Westminster, London - Close of Parliament. Queen's speech
May 18, 1593 - Windsor - Queen Elizabeth summons Christopher Marlowe to the Court
May 20, 1593 - Windsor - Christopher Marlowe at Court
September 6, 1593 - Windsor - Grany O'Maly, irish woman sea-captain, is received at Court
December 26, 1593 - Hampton Court Palace, London - Audience for Sir Robert Carey at Hampton Court
January 15, 1594 - Windsor Castle - Masque in Windsor Castle for the 34th Coronation Anniversary. The Earl of Cumberland delivers a speech
May 3, 1594 - Greenwich - Queen Elizabeth summons John Dee to Greenwich
June 3, 1594 - Thisellworth - John Dee, his wife and children, are received by Queen Elizabeth at Thisellworth
June 13, 1594 - Theobalds, Hertfordshire - Queen Elizabeth stays at Theobalds with Lord Burghley (until June 25th)
July 31, 1594 - Greenwich - Queen Elizabeth receives gifts from the Sultana of the Ottoman Empire
October 30(?), 1594 - Richmond - Robert Dudley visits the Queen before his voyage to the West Indies
Queen Elizabeth, 1595
January 26, 1595 - Greenwich - Attends the marriage of the Earl of Derby
February 27, 1595 - Cambridge - The Earl of Essex and other Lords visit the Queen at Cambridge
March 28, 1595 - London - The Queen grants the Earl of Cumberland a commission under Great Seal permitting him "to victual and arm for sea the Malescourge and such other ships and pinnaces"...."not exceeding 6"...and commanding that "all prizes that shall be taken by you or by any person or persons appointed by you are to be brought into the most convenient haven without breaking bulk of making any distribution of shares until our further pleasure is known"
April 1(?), 1595 - London - The Queen grants Cumberland another commission under Great Seal ordering him "to weaken the force of those who are hostilely disposed against us and to destroy the forces of the subjects of the King of Spain"
April 23, 1595 - Windsor - Order of the Garter ceremonies
May 9, 1595 - London - The Queen grants Cumberland a patent by which she gives him permission "to provide, victual, furnish and arm to sea in hostile and warlike manner the Malice Scourge"..."which he had built at great charge"
June 30, 1595 - London - The Queen is informed that a spanish squadron is waiting for Cumberland off Roca Cape and she recalls the Earl when he is about to sail
December 19, 1595 - London - The Queen spends four days consoling the Earl of Huntingdon's wife, widowed on December 14th
April 14, 1596 - Greenwich(?) - Queen Elizabeth boards the Earl of Essex's flagship "Due Repulse"
August 29, 1596 - Greenwich - Ceremony of the Queen's Oath for the Treaty of Greenwich
February 12, 1597 - Westminster Abbey, London - Lady Cecil's funeral at Westminster Abbey
April 22, 1597 - Windsor - Order of the Garter ceremonies
May 23, 1597 - Windsor - Cavalcade to Windsor and installation of Garter Knights
June 1, 1597 - Chatham - Essex and Walter Raleigh go to Chatham, where Lord Burghley presents Raleigh to the Queen, who receives him very graciously again and gives him full authority to execute his place as Captain of the Guard. Raleigh was back in Court after 5 years
September 5, 1597 - Theobalds, Hertfordshire - Queen Elizabeth stays at Theobalds until September 12th
October 23, 1597 - Whitehall, London - Lord Admiral Howard of Effingham is created Earl of Nottingham. The Queen makes a speech and puts on him the sword, cap and gold coronet. Lord Cumberland carries his sword
October 24, 1597 - Westminster Abbey, London - Opening of Parliament. Presence of the Earl of Cumberland
November 17, 1597 - Whitehall, London - Accession Day Tilt tournament
November 22, 1597 - Whitehall - The french special Ambassador, De Maisse, arrives in London
November 28, 1597 - Whitehall - First audience for the new french ambassador
November 30(?), 1597 - Whitehall - Sir Francis Vere at Court
January 4, 1598 - Whitehall(?) - Letter to King James VI of Scotland
February 9, 1598 - Westminster, London - Closing of Parliament. Queen's speech
April 23, 1598 - Windsor - Order of the Garter ceremonies
May 17, 1598 - Greenwich - Audiences with Dutch deputies
July 1, 1598 - Greenwich(?) - "Dissension" between Queen Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex
August 4, 1598 - Westminster, London - Elizabeth's senior adviser, Sir William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, dies, aged 77
August 29, 1598 - Stamford, Lincolnshire - Attends Lord Burghley's funeral
September 12, 1598 - Mitcham, London - Visit to Dr.Caesar
March 12, 1599 - London - The Earl of Essex becomes Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
June 5, 1599 - Windsor - Cavalcade to Windsor and installation of Garter Knights
July 19, 1599 - Letter to the Earl of Essex: "We have perceived by your letters to our Council brought by Henry Carey, that you are arrived at Dublin after your journey into Munster, where though it seemeth by the words of your letter that you had spent divers days in taking an account of all that have passed since you left that place, yet have you in this dispatch given us small light either when or in what order you intend particularly to proceed to the northern action. Wherein if you compare the time that is run on and the excessive charges that is spent with the effects of anything wrought by this voyage (howsoever we may remain satisfied with your own particular cares and travails of body and mind), yet you must needs think that we that have the eyes of foreign princes upon our actions and have the hearts of people to comfort and cherish—who groan under the burden of continual levies and impositions which are occasioned by these late actions—can little please ourself hitherto with anything that hath been effected"
July 27, 1599 - Wimbledon, Surrey - Four day stay at Wimbledon, Surrey
September 28, 1599 - Nonsuch Palace, SW of London - Essex reaches London, and although forbidden to return, he visits Queen Elizabeth in her bedchamber, who is surprised before she was properly wigged or gowned
September 29, 1599 - Nonsuch Palace - Essex appears before the Privy Council. He is interrogated for 5 hours, declared a desertor and committed to the custody of Sir Richard Berkeley in his own York House
November 27, 1599 - Nonsuch Palace - Meeting with Sir Francis Bacon
November 29, 1599 - Nonsuch Palace - Declaration of Essex's misgovernment in Ireland
February 8, 1600 - Richmond - Lord Mountjoy leaves to be Lord Deputy of Ireland
April 26, 1600 - Windsor - Cavalcade to Windsor and installation of King Henri IV by proxy
May 3, 1600 - Greenwich - The Queen consults the Earl of Cumberland concerning a further expedition
May 9, 1600 - Greenwich - The Queen receives gifts from the Sultana of the Ottoman Empire
June 5, 1600 - Greenwich - Essex is tried before a commission of 18 men. He is convicted, deprived of public office and returned to confinement
June 29, 1600 - Greenwich - Meeting with Baron Waldstein at Greenwich
August 8, 1600 - Nonsuch Palace, SW of London - The Barbary ambassador arrives in England from Morocco
August 20, 1600 - Nonsuch Palace - First audience with the Barbary ambassador
September 15, 1600 - Nonsuch Palace - The russian ambassador arrives in England
November 1(?), 1600 - Whitehall - Queen Elizabeth refuses to renew Essex's Government-granted monopoly on sweet wine. That action puts him in deep financial ruin, and plotting to seize the court by force
November 13, 1600 - Whitehall, London - Queen Elizabeth returns to Whitehall
December 31, 1600 - Westminster, London - The East India Company is formed and receives its charter from Queen Elizabeth for a period of 15 years. The Company is awarded the monopoly of English trade with all countries East of the Cape of Good Hope and West of the Straits of Magellan
February 8, 1601 - Whitehall - Essex's attempted uprising in London
February 19, 1601 - London - The Earl of Essex is tried before his peers on charges of treason
February 25, 1601 - Tower of London - Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, is beheaded at the Tower of London
August 4, 1601 - Greenwich - Elizabeth receives the antiquarian William Lambarde at Greenwich
September 5, 1601 - Basing, Hampshire - The Queen stays at Basing until September 18th
October 2, 1601 - Greenwich - Elizabeth receives news that the spanish have landed at Kinsale, Ireland
November 30, 1601 - Whitehall Palace, London - Speech to Parliament: "There is no jewel, be it of never so rich a price, which I set before this jewel—I mean your loves. For I do more esteem it than any treasure or riches, for that we know how to prize. But love and thanks I count unvaluable [invaluable], and though God hath raised me high, yet this I count the glory of my crown: that I have reigned with your loves. This makes me that I do not so much rejoice that God hath made me to be a queen, as to be a queen over so thankful a people…so I trust by the almighty power of God that I shall be His instrument to preserve you from envy, peril, dishonor, shame, tyranny, and oppression, partly by means of your intended helps…."
April 2, 1602 - Richmond - Receives the Duke of Nevers at Court
July 28, 1602 - Chiswick - Two day stay at Chiswick
July 31, 1602 - Harefield - Four day stay at Harefield
February 6, 1603 - Richmond Palace, London - Audience for a Venetian Agent
Queen Elizabeth's Funeral Procession
February 25, 1603 - Richmond Palace - Elizabeth, depressed by the death of several friends, falls ill with the death of her close friend Katherine Knollys
March 9, 1603 - Richmond Palace - Sick and depressed, Elizabeth reportedly sat motionless in the dark for hours on end in a "settled and unremovable melancholy"
March 24, 1603 - Richmond Palace - Queen Elizabeth I dies, aged 69 =(END)

Work in progress. Due to unavoidable work commitments, I will finish this small "Elizabethan project" from January 15th, 2021, together with the timelines of Walter Raleigh and Martin Frobisher

Saturday, 28 November 2020

Che Guevara | Timeline

Ernesto "Che" Guevara
(14 June 1928 – 9 October 1967) was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia in popular culture. (Intro from Wikipedia)

May 14, 1928 - Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Argentina - Ernesto Guevara de la Serna is born. His parents, Ernesto Guevara Lynch and Celia de la Serna, register his official date of birth as June 14, 1928
January(?) 1(?), 1931 - San Isidro, Argentina - Ernesto's parents discover that he has a severe asthmatic condition
January(?) 1(?), 1932 - Alta Gracia, Argentina - The Guevara family moves to Alta Gracia in the Province of Córdoba. The drier climate on the slopes of the Sierra Chica would be ideal to improve Ernesto's asthma
January(?) 1(?), 1934 - Alta Gracia - His mother begins schooling young Ernesto at home
January (?) 1(?), 1937 - Alta Gracia - Attends primary school in Alta Gracia at the Colegío San Martín (later attends the Santiago de Liniers School and the Victor Mercante School)
January(?) 1(?), 1939 - Alta Gracia - 11-year-old Ernesto joins the youth wing of "Acción Argentina", an anti-nazi organization
January(?) 1(?), 1942 - Córdoba, Argentina - Ernesto travels daily by bus to attend secondary school at the "Colegío Nacional Deán Funes" in Córdoba
July 1(?), 1943 - Córdoba - The Guevara family moves to Córdoba in the Summer
January(?) 1(?), 1945 - Córdoba - Ernesto takes a serious interest in Philosophy and compiles a 165-page notebook that he called his philosophical dictionary
January(?) 1(?), 1946 - Villa María, SE of Córdoba - Ernesto and his friend Tomás Granado obtain jobs working for the provicial public highways department after taking a special course for field analysts. Ernesto is hired as a materials analyst and sent to the north to inspect the materials being used on the roads around Villa María, where he was given free lodging and the use of a vehicle
November 1(?), 1946 - Córdoba - Ernesto graduates from secondary school
January 1(?), 1947 - Villa Maria, SE of Córdoba - Ernesto writes a prophetic poem, revealing his premonition that his destiny was to die fighting "riddled with bullets", rather than drowning (from his asthma)
April 22, 1947 - Córdoba - Ernesto receives his "Certificado de Bachiller" from the Colegío Nacional Deán Funes
May 1(?), 1947 - Buenos Aires, Argentina - The Guevara family moves to Buenos Aires. Ernesto gives up his job at Villa María to be at her dying grandmother's side
June 1(?), 1947 - Buenos Aires - The sadness over the loss of his grandmother and is interest in finding a cure for asthma leads him to begin medical school at the Buenos Aires University, less than one month after arriving to the argentine Capital
Che Guevara on bicycle
January 1st, 1950
January 1, 1950 - Buenos Aires - Ernesto sets out on bicycle for a 4,500km trip though northern Argentina. He departs from Buenos Aires passing through San Antonio de Areco, Pergamino, Rosario, his hometown, and later spends several days in Córdoba with Alberto Granado. He continues his journey through Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy. On his return he passes through Catamarca, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis and La Pampa
January 8(?), 1950 - San Francisco del Chañar, E. of Córdoba - Ernesto stops off in Córdoba to visit his friends Tomás and Alberto Granado. Alberto was conducting research on lepers at a leprosarium near San Francisco del Chañar. As Ernesto was intrigued by Alberto’s research he spends several days with Alberto at the leprosarium.
October 1, 1950 - Córdoba - Meets 16-year-old María del Carmen "Chichina" Ferreyra at a wedding in Córdoba
February 9, 1951 - Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina - Needing money for his activities, Ernesto signs up for 6 months at sea as a nurse on oil tankers. Between February and June 1951, he makes various trips back and forth between Argentina and Brazil, Venezuela, and the Caribbean islands. These trips give him plenty of time to study for his medical exams and expose him to life at sea as well as most of the ports of call on the Atlantic Coast of South America and in the Caribbean
June 30(?), 1951 - Buenos Aires - Returns to Medical School
December 17, 1951 - San Francisco del Chañar, E. of Córdoba - Ernesto leaves Buenos Aires to see his friend Alberto Granado, who was working at the Leprosarium of San Francisco del Chañar, east of Córdoba =(START)
December 29, 1951 - San Francisco del Chañar - Ernesto and Alberto Granados set out to explore Latin America by motorcycle
January 4, 1952 - Buenos Aires - Visit to Ernesto's parents
January 6, 1952 - Vila Gisell - Visit to Ernesto's uncles in Villa Gisell
January 13, 1952 - Miramar, near Mar del Plata, Argentina - Visit to the beach resort city of Miramar to say goodbye to Chichina, who was vacationing there
January 14, 1952 - Necochea - Arrival at Necochea
January 16, 1952 - Bahia Blanca - Arrival at Bahia Blanca
January 22, 1952 - Bahia Blanca - Departs for Choele Choel
January 25, 1952 - Choele Choel - Arrival at Choele Choel
January 29, 1952 - Piedra del Águila - Arrival at Piedra del Águila
January 31, 1952 - San Martín de los Andes - Arrival at San Martín de los Andes
February 8, 1952 - Nahuel Huápi - Passing through Nahuel Huápi, at the lake with the same name
February 11, 1952 - San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina - Ernesto and Alberto reach Bariloche. A letter from Chichina was there waiting for him, informing him that she had decided not to wait for him
February 14, 1952 - Peulla, Chile - They cross to Chile
February 15, 1952 - Osorno, Chile - Arrival at Osorno
February 16, 1952 - Valdivia, Chile - They drop in on the local newspaper, which interviews them for an article about their journey. As a result, they decide in a gesture of great magnanimity to dedicate their trip to the city since it was celebrating the 400th anniversary of its founding.
February 18, 1952 - Temuco, Chile - In the picturesque central Chilean town of Temuco, they are interviewed again by the local newspaper, which is printed under the title: “Two Argentine Leprology Experts Tour South America by Motorbike”
February 21, 1952 - Lautaro, Chile - Arrival at Lautaro
February 27, 1952 - Los Angeles, Chile - Arrival at Los Angeles, Chile
March 1, 1952 - Santiago, Chile - Arrival in Santiago, the Chilean capital
March 7, 1952 - Valparaíso, Chile - They reach Valparaíso only to discover there were no ships leaving to go to Easter Island for another 6 months. They board the "San Antonio" to Antofagasta
March 10, 1952 - While in Valparaíso - Fulgencio Batista seizes power in Cuba by staging a coup d'état
March 11, 1952 - Antofagasta, Chile - The "San Antonio" reaches Antofagasta
March 12, 1952 - Baquedano | Chuquicamata, Northern Chile - Passage through Baquedano. Visit to Chile's largest copper mine at Chuquicamata (U.S.-owned)
March 20, 1952 - Iquique, Northern Chile - Arrival at Iquique, Northern Chile
March 22, 1952 - Arica, Northern Chile - Arrival at Arica, Northern Chile
March 24, 1952 - Tacna, Peru - They cross to Peru
March 26, 1952 - Puno, Peru - Arrival at Puno
March 27, 1952 - Lake Titicaca, Peru - Sailing on Lake Titicaca
March 28, 1952 - Juliaca, Peru - Arrival at Juliaca
March 30, 1952 - Sicuani, Peru - Arrival at Sicuani
March 31, 1952 - Cuzco, Peru - Arrival at Cuzco. They stay until April 3rd
In Machu Picchu, 1952
April 4, 1952 - Machu Picchu, Peru -
Visit to the inca city of Machu Picchu
April 6, 1952 - Cuzco, Peru - Return to Cuzco
April 11, 1952 - Abancay, Peru - Arrival at Abancay
April 13, 1952 - Huancarama, Peru - Arrival at Huancarama
April 14, 1952 - Huambo, Peru - Arrival at Huambo
April 15, 1952 - Huancarama, Peru - Return to Huancarama
April 16, 1952 - Andahuaylas District - Ernesto and Alberto reach the Andahuaylas District, where they stay until April 19th
April 22, 1952 - Ayacucho, Peru - Arrival at Ayacucho
April 25, 1952 - La Merced, Peru - Arrival at La Merced
April 28, 1952 - San Ramón, Peru - Arrival at San Ramón
April 30, 1952 - Tarma, Peru - Arrival at Tarma
May 1, 1952 - Lima, Peru - Ernesto and Alberto arrive in Lima and decide to give up their original objective of traveling to the United States. They choose Venezuela as their ultimate destination after first visiting Dr. Pesce’s largest treatment center for lepers in Peru’s Amazonian region. When they were ready to leave, the patients of the leper hospital in Lima gave them an emotional send-off party. They were very touched by the affectionate farewell the patients gave them and by the small collection of money they presented them for their trip. Ernesto wrote in his diary that “some had tears in their eyes as they thanked us for coming, spending time with them, accepting their presents, sitting listening to football on the radio with them,” and he added that “if anything were to make us seriously specialize in leprosy, it would be the affection the patients show us wherever we go”. They stay in Lima until May 17th
May 19, 1952 - Cerro de Pasco, Peru - Arrival at Cerro de Pasco
May 24, 1952 - Pucallpa, Peru - Arrival at Pucallpa
May 25, 1952 - River Ucayali, Peru - They board the "La Cenepa" up the River Ucayali for Iquitos
June 1, 1952 - Iquitos, Peru - Arrival at Iquitos. Letter to his father, observing that “their appreciation stemmed from the fact that we didn’t wear overalls or gloves, that we shook hands with them as we would the next man, sat with them chatting about this and that, and played football with them.” He added: “This may seem pointless bravado, but the psychological benefit to these people—usually treated like animals—of being treated as normal human beings is incalculable and the risk incredibly remote
June 6, 1952 - Aboard the "Cisne" for San Pablo leper colony
June 8, 1952 - San Pablo de Loreto, Peru - Arrival at the San Pablo leper colony, Peruvian Amazon (They stay until June 20th)
June 21, 1952 - Amazon River - On board the "Mambo-Tango", a wooden raft made by the
Alberto and Ernesto on board
the "Mambo Tango" raft, 1952
lepers they had treated, until the currents are too swift and the mosquitoes too many
June 23, 1952 - Leticia, Colombia - Arrival in Leticia, Colombia. They stay until July 1st
July 2, 1952 - Bogotá, Colombia - Arrival in Bogotá. Staying until July 10th
July 6, 1952 - Bogotá - Ernesto attends the football game Millonarios Vs Real Madrid. Millonarios (the club where his idol and fellow argentine Alfredo di Stéfano played) wins 2-1.
Letter to his mother: "There is more repression of individual freedom here than in any country we've been to, the police patrol the streets carrying rifles and demand your papers every few minutes"
July 12, 1952 - Cúcuta, Colombia - Arrival at Cúcuta
July 14, 1952 - San Cristóbal, Venezuela - Crosses to Venezuela
July 17, 1952 - Caracas, Venezuela - Arrival in Caracas. Staying until July 26th
August 14, 1952 - Miami, United States - Arrives in Miami. Before departing to Buenos Aires, the airplace had mechanical problems and had to be repaired. Ernesto seizes the opportunity to know the city
October 1, 1952 - Buenos Aires, Argentina - Returns to Buenos Aires after a month in Miami
June 12, 1953 - Buenos Aires - Ernesto graduates from medical school at the university of Buenos Aires
July 6, 1953 - Buenos Aires - Ernesto sets out with another childhood friend, Carlos "Calica" Ferrer for another Latin American Odyssey
July 25, 1953 - While in La Paz, Bolivia - Fidel Castro launches an armed assault on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba. The attack fails and Castro and other survivors are captured and imprisoned
July(?) 30(?), 1953 - La Quiaca, Bolivia - Ernesto and Calica cross into southern Bolivia at La Quiaca
August(?) 1(?), 1953 - La Paz, Bolivia - Ernesto and Calica arrive in La Paz by rail
August(?) 5(?), 1953 - Lake Titicaca, Bolivia - Ernesto and Calica board a small boat captained by an aymara indian, to visit the "Isla del Sol" (Island of the Sun). By night, on the way back, a violent storm at 3,800 meters altitude almost sinks the boat. While the captain prayed for salvation, Ernesto and Calica began rowing until they reach the coast
August(?) 20(?), 1953 - Machu Picchu, Peru - Second visit to Machu Picchu
August 22, 1953 - Cuzco, Peru - Visit to Cuzco. Letter to his mother
September 1(?), 1953 - Lima, Peru - Arrives in Lima. Visit to Dr.Pesce and the people at the leprosarium
September 3, 1953 - Lima - Letter to his friend Tita Infante: "Bolivia is a country that has given a major example to the American continent,” and “the fighting still goes on, and almost every night people are wounded by gunfire on one side or the other. But the government is supported by the armed people, so there is no possibility of liquidating an armed movement from outside; it can succumb only as a result of internal dissensions
October 4, 1953 - Guayaquil, Ecuador - Letter to his father
October 21, 1953 - Guayaquil - Letter to his Mother
October 31, 1953 - Guayaquil - Ernesto boards the "Guayo" to Panama
November 10(?), 1953 - Panama - Ernesto reaches Panama
December(?) 1(?), 1953 - Golfito, Costa Rica - They stop at Golfito, Costa Rica, which belonged to the American-owned United Fruit Company: “The town is divided into clearly defined zones, with guards who can prevent anyone from moving across, and of course the best zone is for the gringos”. He also noted that in the hospital “the degree of comfort depends on the grade of the person working in the company” and “as always, the class spirit of the gringos makes itself felt.”
December 10, 1953 - San José - Letter to his Aunt Beatriz
December 15(?), 1953 - San José, Costa Rica - First contact with a group of survivors of the Moncada Attack, in San José, Costa Rica
December 24, 1953 - Guatemala City - Christmas Eve in Guatemala
January 4, 1954 - Guatemala City - Ernesto meets Ñico López, a veteran of the Moncada attack 
February 27(?), 1954 - Guatemala City - Ricardo Rojo and Gualo García decide to leave Guatemala. Ernesto stays because of his interest in Hilda and the revolutionary programs of the guatemalan regime
March 15(?), 1954 - Guatemala City - Ernesto and Hilda begin a romantic relationship
June 17, 1954 - Guatemala City - A mercenary force prepared by the CIA crosses into Guatemala with intent of marching on the capital and overthrow the democratically elected President Árbenz
June 20, 1954 - Guatemala City - Letter to his mother: "The incident served to unite all Guatemalans behind the government and all those who, like myself, came here attracted by the country.
June 27, 1954 - Guatemala City - The Árbenz government in Guatemala is overthrown by CIA mercenary force. Ernesto flees to the Argentinian Embassy. Diary: "A terrible cold shower has fallen on all those who admire Guatemala. On the night of Sunday, 27 June, President Árbenz announced that he was resigning. He publicly denounced the fruit company and the United States as being directly behind all the bombing and strafing of the civilian population.”
August 1(?), 1954 - Guatemala City - Árbenz supporters are killed by the mercenaries in Guatemala City. Ernesto decides to flee to Mexico
September 21, 1954 - Mexico City, Mexico - Ernesto arrives in Mexico City. He works in the allergy section of the General Hospital and the "Hospital Infantil de Mexico"
October 30(?), 1954 - Mexico City - Ernesto and Hilda are reunited in Mexico
December 30(?), 1954 - Mexico City - Ernesto and Hilda become lovers again
May 15, 1955 - While in Mexico City - Fidel Castro and other "Moncadistas" are freed from prison in Cuba
July 7, 1955 - Mexico City - Fidel Castro arrives in Mexico. Ernesto meets him at the home of a cuban woman married to a mexican. They end up talking for 10 hours. He joins the Cuban revolutionary 26th of July Movement and becomes known as "Che"
August 18, 1955 - Tepotzotlán, Mexico - Marries Hilda Acosta in Tepotzotlán, Mexico
October 12, 1955 - Popocatépetl, W. of Puebla, Mexico - Climbs the Popocatépetl, the second highest mountain in Mexico
December 24, 1955 - Mexico City - Christmas Eve with Fidel and Raúl Castro
January 1(?), 1956 - Mexico City - Preparations begin for the expedition to Cuba
February 15, 1956 - Mexico City - First daughter Hilda Beatriz is born
April 1(?), 1956 - Mexico City - After military training, the group begins studying marxist literature and discussing the problems of Cuba and Latin America
June 24, 1956 - Mexico City - Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and other 25 members of the future expedition are arrested and held in Miguel Schultz jail under immigration laws
July 15, 1956 - Miguel Schultz Jail, Mexico City - Letter to his mother: "During these prison days and the period of training that preceded them, I have identifi ed totally with my comrades in the cause. I remember a phrase that once seemed to me idiotic or at least bizarre, referring to such a total identifi cation among the members of a fighting body that the very concept of the “I” disappeared and gave way to the concept of “we.” It was a Communist morality and may, of course, appear to be a doctrinaire exaggeration, but in reality it was (and is) a beautiful thing to be able to feel that stirring of “we.
August 25, 1956 - Mexico City - Che Guevara is released after 57 days in prison
November 25, 1956 - Tuxpán, Mexico - Sets out for Cuba with another 81 members of the 26th of July Movement, on board the old cabin cruiser "Granma"
December 2, 1956 - Las Coloradas Beach, Near Cape Cruz, SW of Cuba - Ernesto, now known as “Che,” arrives in Cuba with Castro brothers to launch revolutionary armed struggle from the Sierra Maestra mountains against the Batista dictatorship. They beach the boat on a muddy mangrove swamp, and they are unable to unload most of their heavy weapons
December 5, 1956 - Alegría de Pío, near Cape Cruz, SW of Cuba - The expeditionary force is surprised by a large contingent of Batista's army. Of the 82 men, only 15 escape, including Fidel and Raúl Castro and Che Guevara, who is wounded in the neck
December 21, 1956 - Road to Pilón, SW of Cuba - Che Guevara is reunited with Fidel Castro's group
January 17, 1957 - La Plata, SW of Cuba - The Rebel force takes an army position at La Plata, then moves to Palma Mocha
January 22, 1957 - Arroyo del Infierno River, tributary of Palma Mocha River - Six army soldiers are killed in a firefight at Arroyo del Infierno river
January 28, 1957 - Caracas, SW of Cuba - Letter to Hilda: "As you probably know, after seven days of being packed like sardines in the now famous 'Granma', we landed at a dense, rotting mangrove jungle through the pilot’s error. Our misfortunes continued until finally we were surprised in the also now famous Alegría [de Pío] and scattered like pigeons.”
January 30, 1957 - Caracas, SW of Cuba - Eutimio Guerra, a traitor, asks Fidel for leave to visit his sick mother. Hours later he is captured by an army patrol and returns to the camp as an agent of Batista's Army, who now has detailed information about the rebels
January 31, 1957 - Caracas - The rebels suffer an air attack. Unknown to them, on board an observation plane, Eutimio Guerra pinpoints where the rebel camp is, for the pilots. The rebel troop is scattered
February 2, 1957 - Derecha de la Caridad, near El Lomón, SW Cuba - The rebels, now hardened and numbering 25 begins asking themselves how the army seems to know their whereabouts everytime. After 3 days all guerrillas rejoin Fidel Castro after the air attack. It is confirmed that Eutimio Guerra is a traitor and that during his capture he was offered money to kill Castro
February 15(?), 1957 - Derecha de la Caridad - Eutimio Guerra is caught with a safe-conduct from Batista. He knows what expects him. Before hearing the trial of the ex-comrades who had done everything for him, he asks only that they take care of his family, (which they would do, giving them new names) and is executed
March 13, 1957 - Derecha de la Caridad - The radio announces that there was a failed attempt to assassinate President Fulgencio Batista
March 16, 1957 - Derecha de la Caridad - Fifty new recruits join the rebel army, which now number 80 guerrillas
March 24, 1957 - Derecha de la Caridad - The Rebel army is divided in smaller units. Che Guevara is appointed medic of the General Staff
April 15(?), 1957 - Arroyo del Infierno River, tributary of Palma Mocha River - After training the new recruits at Palma Mocha, the Rebel army returns to the familiar area of Arroyo del Infierno
April 23, 1957 - Arroyo del Infierno River - Celia Sánchez joins the rebels. With her comes an american journalist named Matthews
May 28, 1957 - El Uvero, Cuba - Battle of El Uvero - The guerrillas take an army unit by surprise, killing 14 soldiers and wounding 19, before the remaining soldiers surrender. Diary: “for us, it was a victory that meant our guerrillas had reached full maturity. From this moment on, our morale increased enormously, our determination and hope for victory also increased, and though the months that followed were a hard test, we now had the key to the secret of how to beat the enemy
June 16, 1957 - Palma de Mocha | Arroyo del Infierno River - The guerrillas return to familiar territory after spending almost a month treating the wounded
July 21, 1957 - Palma de Mocha | Arroyo del Infierno River - Fidel Castro promotes Che Guevara to the top rank of "comandante" of the new second column of the Revolutionary Force, with about 75 men. Celia Sánchez gives him a small star to wear in front of his black beret, which soon became an iconic feature in his image
July 30, 1957 - While near Bueycito, SW Cuba - Frank País is killed by Batista's police as he leaves the house he was hiding in Santiago de Cuba
July 31, 1957 - Bueycito, SW Cuba - Unaware that Frank País had been killed, Guevara's column attacks the small military post of Bueycito. Six soldiers are wounded
August 29, 1957 - El Hombrito, near the summit of Sierra Maestra, Cuba - A local peasant informs the rebels that a large number of soldiers were heading their way on the trail that led to the valley where they were camped. Guevara has his men take up positions along the trail so they could ambush the soldiers when they reach a curve where the trail made an almost 90-degree turn around a rock. His plan was to let 10 or 12 soldiers go by the rock and then open fire on them. His men were supposed to then take the dead soldiers’ weapons and withdraw while they were being covered by their rear guard. However, when the soldiers come to the rock, one of his men opens fire too soon and they succeeded in wounding only one of the soldiers at the head of the army column. Nevertheless, in the exchange of gunfire that followed they managed to force the soldiers, who were equipped with bazookas, to retreat
September 10, 1957 - Pino del Agua, Sierra Maestra, Cuba - Guevara's column reaches Pino del Agua. They capture three army trucks carrying weapons
October 30(?), 1957 - El hombrito - Returns to El Hombrito
November 4, 1957 - While at El Hombrito - The first issue of "El Cubano Libre (The Free Cuban)", the newspaper of the Rebel Army, is published by Che Guevara in the Sierra Maestra
February 1(?), 1958 - Pino del Agua - Creation of the clandestine radio station "Radio Rebelde" (Rebel Radio)
February 16, 1958 - Pino del Agua - Fidel Castro and Che Guevara attack the governmental forces at Pino de Agua for the second time
March 1(?), 1958 - While at Pino del Agua(?) - To quell the rebellion, Cuban government troops begin executing rebel prisoners on the spot, and regularly rounding up, torturing, and shooting civilians as a tactic of intimidation. The continued atrocities carried out by Batista's forces make the United States stop selling arms to the Cuban government
April 1(?), 1958 - While at Pino del Agua(?) - Fidel Castro and Che Guevara take charge of creating a training school for the new recruits that were joining the Rebel Army in increasing numbers
June 28, 1958 - Sierra Maestra, SW Cuba - The government launches "Operation Verano", its last major attack on the Rebel Army, with 20,000 men surrounding the Sierra Maestra. Che Guevara's unit ambushes the lead battalion and causes 86 casualties to the army, capturing a large number of weapons and rounds of ammunition
July 11, 1958 - Battle of La Plata/of Jigüe - Fidel Castro defeats the army at Las Mercedes, causing 71 killed or wounded and up to 500 soldiers captured
July 15(?), 1958 - Sierra Maestra, SW Cuba - The increasingly demoralized and battered troops of Fulgencio Batista loose the initiative to the rebels
July 20, 1958 - While in Sierra Maestra - The leaders of the Cuban political parties opposing the Batista regime, both moderates and conservatives, sign the Caracas Pact, in which they throw their support behind the Rebel Army
July 29, 1958 - Las Mercedes, Central North Sierra Maestra - Battle of Las Mercedes - Cuban general Eulogio Cantillo lures the guerrillas to a trap. They loose 70 men in the firefight
August 2, 1958 - Las Mercedes - Batista sends a personal representative to negotiate with Castro. Negotiations fail
August 8, 1958 - Las Mercedes - When 1,500 soldiers resume attack, they find that Castro's troops had slipped away unnoticed
August 31, 1958 - Southern Cuba - Che Guevara sets out with his column for Las Villas Province in Central Cuba
October 16, 1958 - Júcaro River, between Camaguey and Sancti Spiritus, Cuba - Guevara's column swims across Júcaro River, which divides the provinces of Camaguey and Las Villas
November 1(?), 1958 - Escambray Mountains, S. of Santa Clara - Guevara's column arrives in the Escambray Mountains. He convinces the leaders of five guerrilla movements of the region to join him: "After laborious talks I had with their respective leaders, we reached a series of agreements and it was possible to go on to form a more or less common front
November 15(?), 1958 - While at the Escambray Mountains - Batista tries to stage a rigged national election, buy the majority of the citizenry and all political parties that had signed the Caracas pact boycott it
November 30(?), 1958 - Escambray Mountains - An operative of the 26th of July movement in Las Villas Province arrives with 50,000 pesos attached to her body and orders to stay with Che Guevara - Aleida March
December 27, 1958 - outskirts of Santa Clara - The advance unit of Che Guevara's 214-men force arrives at the outskirts of Santa Clara, capital of Las Villas province
December 28, 1958 - Santa Clara, Cuba - Che Guevara orders the capture of strategic points of the city. The Battle of Santa Clara begins
December 31, 1958 - While in Santa Clara - Radio Rebelde broadcast the first reports that Guevara's column had taken Santa Clara
January 1, 1959 - Santa Clara - Guevara's troops take the city of Santa Clara. Only about 1,000 soldiers remained inside the Leoncio Vidal Army Garrison. At 3 am, upon learning that his generals were negotiating a separate peace with Guevara, Fulgencio Batista boards a plane in Havana and flees for the Dominican Republic, along with an amassed "fortune of more than $300,000,000 through graft and payoffs"
January 2, 1959 - Santa Clara - Fidel Castro orders Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos to march their columns imediately to Havana. On the way, Che tells Aleida of his love for her
January 3, 1959 - Havana, Cuba - Che Guevara enters Havana to take control of the capital and is appointed commander of the La Cabaña fortress for a 5-month tenure
January 5, 1959 - Havana - Five latin american countries recognize Fidel Castro's provisional government
January 7, 1959 - Havana - The US ambassador, Earl Smith, is recalled for having supported Batista. The US recognizes the new cuban government
Che and Fidel, Havana
January 8, 1959 - Havana - Fidel Castro arrives in Havana, where Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos are waiting for him
January 15(?), 1959 - Tarará, Cuba - Che Guevara goes to live at a summer villa in Tarará to recover from a violent asthma attack. While resting there, he begins writing his book "Guerrilla Warfare"
January 18, 1959 - Havana - Che Guevara's parents arrive from Argentina. He meets them at the airport with Aleida
January 21, 1959 - Havana - Hilda Gadea and 3-year-old Hildita arrive in Havana. She agrees to a divorce so that Guevara could marry Aleida
February 1(?), 1959 - Havana - The revolutionary government proclaims Guevara "a Cuban citizen by birth" in recognition of his role in the triumph
February 5, 1959 - Havana - Letter to Luis Paredes López in Buenos Aires: "The executions by firing squads are not only a necessity for the people of Cuba, but also an imposition of the people."
May 17, 1959 - Havana - The Agrarian Reform Law, crafted by Guevara, goes into effect, limiting the size of all farms to 1,000 acres (400 ha) and creating a form of collective rather than individual private ownership
May 22, 1959 - Havana - The divorce between Che Guevara and Hilda Gadea is finalized
June 2, 1959 - La Canaña Fortress, Havana, Cuba - Che Guevara marries Aleida March
June 3(?), 1959 - Tarará, Cuba - Returns to Tarará on honeymoon with Aleida
June 12, 1959 - Havana - Fidel Castro sends Che Guevara out on a 3-month tour of 14 mostly Bandung Pact countries and the cities of Singapore and Hong Kong
June 13, 1959 - Madrid, Spain - Che Guevara arrives in Madrid
June 15, 1959 - Cairo, Egypt - Arrives in Cairo. Meeting with President Gamal Abdel Nasser
June 18, 1959 - Gaza (under Egyptian rule) - Landing for a visit to Gaza, after travelling about 450km from Cairo
June 22, 1959 - Cairo - Meeting with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Che Guevara is awarded with the Order of Al Goumbania
June 30, 1959 - New Delhi, India - Arrives in India
July 1, 1959 - New Delhi - Meeting with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru
July 5, 1959 - Lucknow, India - Visit to Lucknow's Institute of Sugar Investigation
July 10, 1959 - Calcutta, India - Visit to Calcutta
July 11, 1959 - Dhaka, East Pakistan - Visit to East Pakistan (Bangladesh)
July 12, 1959 - Rangoon, Burma - Three-day to Burma to negotiate exchange of rice for sugar
July 15, 1959 - Osaka, Japan - Arrives in Japan
July 23(?), 1959 - Nagoya, Japan - Visit to Car factories in Nagoya
July 24, 1959 - Hiroshima, Japan - Che Guevara visits Hiroshima and its Peace Memorial Museum
July 27, 1959 - Osaka, Japan - Leaves Japan after 12 days
July 29, 1959 - Jakarta, Indonesia - Visit to Indonesia
August 1, 1959 - Bali, Indonesia - Visit to the Island of Bali
August 4(?), 1959 - Singapore - Passage in Singapore before continuing to Ceylon
August 6, 1959 - Ceylon - Visit to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)
August 8, 1959 - Karachi, Pakistan - Arrives in Karachi for a 3-day visit. Meeting with General Mahomed Ayub Khan
August 12, 1959 - Belgrade, Yugoslavia - Visit to Yugoslavia
August 24, 1959 - Brijuni Islands, Croatia, Yugoslavia - Meeting with the Yugoslav Leader Josip "Tito" Broz
August 28, 1959 - Seville, Spain - One hour at Seville during a stop on the way to Morocco
August 29, 1959 - Rabat | Casablanca | Marrakech, Morocco - Che Guevara visits to Rabat, Casablanca and Marrakech in Morocco
September 2, 1959 - Madrid, Spain - Returns to Madrid because of technical problems in the aircraft. The cuban delegation is forced to stay for almost a week. They visit Toledo and Seville during that time
September 8, 1959 - Havana, Cuba - Returns to Cuba
October 7, 1959 - Havana - Fidel Castro appoints Guevara head of Industrial Department of the National Institute of Agrarian Reform
November 26, 1959 - Havana - Fidel Castro appoints Guevara to the post of President of the Central Bank of Cuba
December 28, 1959 - Santa Clara, Cuba - Visit to the Central University of Las Villas, in Santa Clara
January(?) 1(?), 1960 - Havana(?) - Che publishes his first book "La Guerra de Guerrillas" (Guerrilla Warfare )
March 1(?), 1960 - Havana - Meeting with french existencialist philosophers Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir
March 2, 1960 - Havana - Talk at the University of Havana
March 4, 1960 - Havana - The French freighter "La Coubre", carrying belgian weapons, suspiciously explodes in Havana Harbor, killing at least 76 people and injuring several hundred more. Upon hearing the blast, Guevara rushes to the harbor to board the burning ship, angrily forcing his way past those concerned for his safety following a secondary explosion
March 5, 1960 - Havana - La Coubre memorial service. Photographer Alberto Korba takes his iconic picture of Che Guevara
March 20, 1960 - Havana - Inaugural lecture of the TV program "The People's University"
May 15, 1960 - Off the coast of Havana, Cuba - Fidel Castro and Che Guevara participate in the "Hemingway Fishing Contest". Fidel Castro wins
June 29, 1960 - Havana - The Cuban Government nationalizes US oil refineries when they refuse to refine soviet oil
July 9, 1960 - While in Havana - The Soviet Union agrees to purchase all cuban sugar that the US refuses to pay
July 10, 1960 - Havana - Che Guevara addresses over 100,000 workers in front of the Presidential Palace at a rally to denounce the "economic aggression" of the United States
August 6, 1960 - Havana - The major US companies in Cuba are nationalized
August 10, 1960 - While in Havana - In the US, the CIA makes contacts with the Italian Mafia, promising the "monopoly on gaming, prostitution and drugs" if they assassinate Fidel Castro, Che Guevara and Raúl Castro, to restore a US-puppet regime in Cuba
October 19, 1960 - Havana - The United States impose partial trade embargo on Cuba
October 21, 1960 - Havana - Che Guevara departs for a 2-month trip to the Soviet Union, China, North Korea, East Germany and Czechoslovakia
Che Guevara and Mao Zedong
October 24, 1960 - Prague, Czechoslovakia - Visit to Prague
October 30, 1960 - Moscow, Soviet Union - Visit to Soviet Union
November 19, 1960 - Beijing, China - Meeting with Mao Zedong in Beijing
November 24, 1960 - While in Beijing - Daughter Aleida Guevara March is born in Havana
December 3, 1960 - Pyongyang, North Korea - Che Guevara visits North Korea while the rest of the Cuban delegation goes to Vietnam. He is received by the north korean leader Kim Il Sung
December 17, 1960 - East Berlin, East Germany - Che Guevara signs a trade agreement with East Germany. He meets Tamara Bunke there
January 3, 1961 - Havana, Cuba - The United States breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba
January 6, 1961 - Havana - Che Guevara appears on TV to report on the signing of the agreements with the socialist countries
January 20, 1961 - Nicaro, Cuba - Visit to the nickel plant at Nicaro. Che Guevara also talks to the workers
February 11, 1961 - Havana - Appointed Minister of Industries of Cuba
February 23, 1961 - Havana - End of his term as President of the Central bank of Cuba
March 3, 1961 - Havana - Lunch with the Ambassador of the USSR, S. Kudryatsev. Fidel and Raúl Castro are absolutely sure that the Kennedy administration was preparing some kind of provocation against Cuba
March 8, 1961 - Havana - Che Guevara welcomes the chinese delegation on their arrival in Havana
April 17, 1961 - While in Havana - 1,400 U.S.-trained Cuban exiles invade Cuba during the Bay of Pigs Invasion
May 26, 1961 - Moa, Cuba - Che Guevara, Raúl Castro and Aleida March visit the Pedro Sotto Alba plant and the Cayo Guan mine
August 4, 1961 - Havana, Cuba - Before departing for the Economic conference of the Organization of American States in Punta del Este, Uruguay, Che Guevara signs a "secret deal" with the USSR for "the delivery of special materials to Cuba" (Nuclear missiles)
August 8, 1961 - Punta del Este, Uruguay - During an economic conference of the Organization of American States in Punta del Este, Uruguay, Che Guevara sends a note of "gratitude" to United States President John F. Kennedy through Richard N. Goodwin, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. It read "Thanks for Playa Girón (Bay of Pigs). Before the invasion, the revolution was shaky. Now it's stronger than ever."
August 17, 1961 - Montevideo, Uruguay - Speech at the Montevideo University
August 18, 1961 - Olivos, N. of Buenos Aires, Argentina - Secret visit to Argentine President Arturo Frondizi (the army had orders to kill Che Guevara if he returned to Argentina)
August 19, 1961 - Brasília, Brazil - Che Guevara receives the distinguished National Order of the Southern Cross from Jânio Quadros, President of Brazil
August 20, 1961 - Havana, Cuba - Returns to Cuba after a 16-hour stay in Brazil
January 21, 1962 - Havana - Che Guevara helps workers on a low cost housing project near Havana
January 24, 1962 - While in Havana - The US Treasury Department announces that it was prohibiting entry into the United States of any product made, wholly or in part, with Cuban products, even if they were manufactured in another country
February 3, 1962 - Havana - President Kennedy imposes total trade embargo of Cuba
May 20, 1962 - Havana - First son Camilo Guevara March is born
August 5, 1962 - Havana - Che Guevara welcomes soviet technical personnel at the Havana port
August 27, 1962 - Moscow, Soviet Union - Che Guevara heads an important Cuban mission to the Soviet Union that finalizes secret negotiations that lead to the placement of Soviet missiles in Cuba; this provokes the infamous Cuban Missile Crisis and US naval blockade of Cuba
October 2, 1962 - Moscow - Photographed in Moscow
October 22, 1962 - While in Havana, Cuba(?) - Kennedy denounces Cuba's acquisition of nuclear missiles and imposes a naval blockade of the Island
October 28, 1962 - While in Havana(?) - Khrushchev brings the "Cuban Missile Crisis" to an end by agreeing to remove its missiles from Cuba in exchange for the United States removing its missiles from Turkey and pledging not to invade Cuba
November 5, 1962 - Havana - Che Guevara welcomes Anastas Mikoyan(*) on his arrival in Havana. (*) First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
January 1(?), 1963 - Moa, Cuba - Tour in Moa region
February 6, 1963 - While in Havana - The White House issues a press release announcing that merchandise bought with U.S. government money would not be loaded on to ships with foreign flags that had engaged in trade with Cuba after January 1st of that year
June 14, 1963 - Havana - Third daughter Celia Guevara March is born
July 3, 1963 - Algiers, Algeria - Che Guevara arrives at Algiers and is received by Prime-minister Ahmed Ben Bella
July 8, 1963 - While in Algeria - The US Treasury Department freezes all Cuban assets in US territory and prohibits all transfers of money to and from Cuba, as well as any other transaction in dollars via third countries
July 13, 1963 - Algiers, Algeria - Speech at a planning seminar in Algeria
March 29, 1964 - Geneva, Switzerland - Speech at the World Commerce and Development Conference at the Palace des Nations at Geneva
April 30(?), 1964 - Madrid, Spain - Secret visit to former Argentine President Juan Perón who lived in exile in Francoist Spain
September 1(?), 1964 - Moa, Cuba - Returns to Moa to verify the operations of the comandante Pedro Sotto Alba plant and to talk with the chromite miners
November 4, 1964 - Moscow, Soviet Union - Visit to the Soviet Union
November 11, 1964 - Moscow - Che Guevara meets Yuri Gagarin
December 9, 1964 - Havana, Cuba - Che Guevara departs for a 3-month trip, including the United Nations General Assembly in New York, Algeria, Mali, Congo, Guinea, Tanzania and Egypt
December 12, 1964 - New York City - Che Guevara addresses the UN in a hour-long speech entitled "Colonialism is doomed"
Che Guevara on "Face the Nation"
December 14, 1964 - New York City -
Appears on the CBS program "Face the Nation"
December 17, 1964 - Paris, France - Departs from New York to Paris, via Gander, Newfoundland
January 5(?), 1965 - Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo - Meets with Agostinho Neto and MPLA guerrillas at their headquarters in Brazzaville
January 14, 1965 - Accra, Ghana - Visit to Ghana. Meeting with First President of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah
February 1, 1965 - Karachi, Pakistan - Technical stop on his way to Beijing
February 2, 1965 - Beijing, China - Second visit to Beijing to see what help China could provide to the rebellions in the Congo. Deng Xiaoping welcomes him at the airport
February 11, 1965 - Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - Che Guevara lands in Dar es Salaam from China, to rally support from the liberation movements to create a united army to fight against imperialism and neocolonial forces in the Congo
February 13, 1965 - Zanzibar - Flies to Zanzibar to attend the celebrations of the anniversary of the Zanzibar Revolution
February 14, 1965 - Dar es Salaam - Meeting with Eduardo Mondlane, chairman of FRELIMO - Mozambique Liberation Front
February 18, 1965 - Dar es Salaam - Press conference. Then he departs to Egypt and Algeria
February 24, 1965 - Algiers, Algeria - Che Guevara makes his last public appearance when he delivers a speech at an economic seminar on Afro-Asian solidarity. At Havana, his second son, Ernesto Guevara March, is born
March 11, 1965 - Prague, Czechoslovakia - Departs to Havana, Cuba
March 12, 1965 - Shannon, W. Ireland - His flight from Prague to Havana is diverted to Shannon Airport in western Ireland (suspected mechanical problems)
March 13, 1965 - Limerick, Ireland - Che Guevara celebrates his irish heritage during preparations for Saint Patrick's Day in Limerick
March 14, 1965 - Havana, Cuba - Returns to Havana to a solemn reception by Fidel and Raúl Castro. He spends the night of 14th to 15th planning Cuba's first military action in Africa, that would be led by Guevara himself
April 1, 1965 - Havana - Che sets out to Congo with a first group of 13 cuban expeditionaires to assist rebel insurgents there. He delivers a farewell letter to Fidel Castro
April 19, 1965 - Dar es Salaam, Tanzania - Che Guevara and his men arrive in Dar es Salaam
April 22, 1965 - Kigoma, NW Tanzania - Che Guevara, his second-in-command Víctor Dreke and 12 other cuban expeditionaries travel by road to the lakeside town of Kigoma, to establish a supply base
April 23, 1965 - Eastern Congo, close to Burundi - They cross Lake Tanganyika to Congo in boats
October 3, 1965 - While in Congo - Fidel Castro publicly reads Che Guevara's farewell letter
November 20, 1965 - Congo - Suffering from dysentery and acute asthma, and disheartened after seven months of defeats and inactivity, Guevara leaves Congo with the six Cuban survivors of his 12-man column. Guevara states that he had planned to send the wounded back to Cuba and fight in Congo alone until his death, as a revolutionary example. But after being urged by his comrades, and two Cuban emissaries personally sent by Castro, at the last moment he reluctantly agrees to leave Africa
November 21, 1965 - Kigoma, NW Tanzania - Che Guevara leaves the Congo
November 30(?), 1965 - Dar es Salaam - Returns to Dar es Salaam. He spends the next 4 months living clandestinely at the Cuban Embassy
January 15(?), 1966 - Dar es Salaam - Aleida arrives to visit Che Guevara
February 1(?), 1966 - Dar es Salaam - Che Guevara is joined by Luis García Gutiérrez, a dentist from Havana, carrying a plane ticket for Prague and the tools of his trade. He makes Che Guevara unrecognizable - a dental prosthesis, a hump, a crown of white hair on a false baldness and square eyeglasses. Che Guevara is transformed into Ramón Benítez, an uruguayan businessman
March 1(?), 1966 - Prague, Czechoslovakia - Living in a Cuban safehouse in Prague
July 21, 1966 - Havana, Cuba - Secretly travels back to Cuba to visit Castro, to see his wife and to write a last letter to his five children to be read upon his death
July 25(?), 1966 - Pinar del Rio, Cuba - Che returns secretly to Cuba and prepares for a clandestine mission in Bolivia
October 26(?), 1966 - Madrid, Spain - Secret visit to former Argentine President Juan Perón
Adolfo Mena González
(Che Guevara in disguise)
November 3, 1966 - La Paz, Bolivia -
Che Guevara arrives in La Paz in disguise, via Montevideo. He poses as a middle-aged uruguayan businessman named Adolfo Mena González, working for the Organization of American States
November 6, 1966 - La Paz - Che Guevara leaves La Paz for the rural south east region of Bolivia to form his guerrilla army
November 7, 1966 - Ñancahuazú, Bolivia - First entry of his diary in Bolivia, after his arrival at the farm in Ñancahuazú
December 31, 1966 - Ñancahuazú, Bolivia - The Secretary General of the Bolivian Communist Party, Mario Monje, arrives in Che Guevara's camp, however, Monje refuses to support the guerrilla and send men unless he was in charge of it
March 11, 1967 - Ñancahuazú - Two recruits leave the camp to go hunting. They disappear and later are captured by the Bolivian Army. They give the army detailed information about the location and numbers of the guerrilla force
March 23, 1967 - Ñancahuazú Che Guevara's 39-men force is discovered by the Bolivian Army. The guerrilla camp is taken and Che Guevara has to withraw to an area about which he knew very little and where he had difficulty in finding food and places to hide
June 19, 1967 - Morocos, Bolivia - Che's column takes the town of Morocos, however, the people is unfriendly to them
June 24, 1967 - While in Rio Grande Area, Bolívia - Massacre of San Juan - Governmental forces ambush an encampment of miners to crush any attempt to organise a resistance among miners, killing 20 and wounding 72
August 31, 1967 - While in Rio Grande Area - A small group of Guevara's soldiers, totaling eight men as well as Tamara Bunke, are ambushed and killed by Bolivian soldiers while they were attempting to cross the Rio Grande in Bolivia
September 24, 1967 - Loma Larga (mountain peak), NW of La Higuera - Che Guevara and his men reach the mountain peak of Loma Larga
September 27, 1967 - La Higuera, Vallegrande, Bolivia - The New 2nd Manchego Ranger Regiment, trained by US special forces, arrives at La Higuera
September 30(?), 1967 - N. of La Higuera - Diary: "Our conditions are the same as last month, except now the army is demonstrating increasing effectiveness in its actions and the campesinos are giving us no support and have turned into informers"
His appearance in death drew
comparisons with Jesus Christ
October 7, 1967 - N. of La Higuera - An informant apprises the Bolivian Special Forces of the location of Guevara's guerrilla encampment in the Yuro ravine
October 8, 1967 - Yuro ravine | La Higuera - On the morning, the Bolivian forces encircle the area with two companies numbering 180 soldiers and advance into the ravine triggering a battle where Guevara is wounded and taken prisoner while leading a detachment with Simeón Cuba Sarabia. Guevara is tied up and taken to a dilapidated mud schoolhouse in the nearby village of La Higuera on the evening
October 9, 1967 - La Higuera, Vallegrande, Bolivia - In the morning, by order of Bolivian
President René Barrientos, Ernesto "Che" Guevara is executed, aged 39 =(END)