Edgar Allan Poe | Timeline

Edgar Allan Poe (né Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States, and of American literature. He was one of the country's earliest practitioners of the short story, and is considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre, as well as a significant contributor to the emerging genre of science fiction. He is the first well-known American writer to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career. (Intro from Wikipedia)

January 19, 1809 - Boston, Massachusetts - Edgar Poe is born

December 8, 1811 - Richmond, Virginia - Elizabeth Arnold, Edgar Allan Poe's mother, dies of tuberculosis, aged 24. Her children are split up. Edgar is taken in by John and Frances Allen

January(?) 1(?), 1815 - Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland - Grammar School in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, birthplace of his adoptive father, John Allan

January(?) 1(?), 1816 - London, England - Rejoins the Allans in London. Enrolled at a boarding school in Chelsea

January(?) 1(?), 1820 - Richmond - Moves back to Richmond with the Allans

January(?) 1(?), 1824 - Richmond - Serves as the lieutenant of the Richmond youth honor guard as the city celebrated the visit of the Marquis de Lafayette

March 1(?), 1825 - Richmond - Allan's uncle and business benefactor William Galt dies, leaving Allan several acres of real estate

February 1(?), 1826 - Richmond - Registered at the University of Virginia to study ancient and modern languages. Secretly engaged to Sarah Emira Royster, his 15-year-old neighbor

March 1(?), 1827 - Richmond - Leaves the University of Virginia

April 1(?), 1827 - Boston, Massachusetts - Moves to Boston and begins working as a clerk for wholesale merchandise warehouse on the waterfront, then as an office clerk and reporter for the "Weekly Report" =(START)

May 27, 1827 - Boston - Enlists in the US Army as a private. Assigned to the 1st Regiment of Artillery at Boston Harbor's Fort Independence

July 1(?), 1827 - Boston - His first collection of poems "Tamerlane and other Poems" is published

November 8, 1827 - Charlston, South Carolina - Poe's regiment is posted to Fort Moultrie in Charlston, South Carolina

April 15, 1829 - Baltimore, Maryland - Discharged from the army. Moves to Baltimore to stay with his widowed aunt Maria Clemm, her daughter Virginia, his brother Henry and his invalid grandmother Elizabeth Cairnes Poe

August 1(?), 1829 - Baltimore - Meets his 7-year-old cousin Virginia Clemm

September 1(?), 1829 - Baltimore - Receives the first words of encouragement in a review of his poetry by influential critic John Neal

December(?) 1(?), 1829 - Baltimore - Publication of his second collection of poems "Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems". He signs as "Edgar A. Poe"

July 1, 1830 - West Point, New York - Poe matriculates as a cadet in West Point

October 1(?), 1830 - New York City - Poe marries his second wife Louisa Patterson

February 8, 1831 - West Point - Poe is tried for gross neglect of duty and disobedience of orders for refusing to attend formations, classes, or church

February 15(?), 1831 - New York City - Poe leaves New York 

March 1(?), 1831 - Baltimore - Poe returns to his family in Baltimore

August 1, 1831 - Baltimore - His brother Henry dies, due to problems related with alcoholism

January(?) 1(?), 1833 - Baltimore - Joins the household of Virginia's mother, where his brother had lived (until he died on August 1, 1831)

October 1(?), 1833 - Baltimore - The "Baltimore Saturday Visiter" awards him a prize for his short story "MS. Found in a Bottle"

July 7, 1835 - Baltimore - Elizabeth Cairnes Poe dies, effectively ending the family's income and making their financial situation even more difficult

August 1(?), 1835 - Richmond, Virginia - Edgar Allan Poe moves to Richmond to become assistant editor at the "Southern Literary Messenger"

August 29, 1835 - Richmond - Letter to Maria Poe, pleading that she allow Virginia to make her own decision about marrying him

September 22, 1835 - Baltimore - Poe returns to Baltimore to file for a marriage license

May 16, 1836 - Richmond - 27-year-old Edgar Allan Poe marries his 13-year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm

May 20(?), 1836 - Petersburg, Virginia - Short Honeymoon

August 1(?), 1836 - Richmond - Publication of "The City of Sin" in Richmond's "Southern Literary Messenger"

January 1(?), 1837 - Richmond - Leaves the "Southern Literary Messenger"

July 1(?), 1838 - Richmond - Publication of "The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket"

August(?) 1(?), 1839 - Philadelphia - Becomes assistant editor of "Burton's Gentleman's Magazine"

January(?) 1(?), 1840 - Philadelphia - Publication of "Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque"

June 1(?), 1840 - Philadelphia - Poe buys advertising space in the "Saturday Evening Post" for a prospectus announcing his intentions to start a journal called "The Stylus"

August(?) 1(?), 1840 - Philadelphia - Poe leaves "Burton's Gentleman's Magazine" and becomes writer and co-editor of the monthly "Graham's Mazagine"

February 1(?), 1842 - New York City - Poe gives a lecture in which he criticizes American poetry

April 1(?), 1844 - New York City - The Family moves to New York. Poe becomes editor of the "Broadway journal" (later its owner), after working briefly at the "Evening Mirror"

April 13, 1844 - New York City - Publication of "The Balloon-hoax" in the "Sun"

January 29, 1845 - New York City - The "New York Evening Post" publishes Poe's poem

"The Raven"

March 1(?), 1845 - New York City - Meets poet Frances Sargent Osgood

April 1(?), 1845 - New York City - Publication of "The City in the Sea" in the "American Review"

August 30, 1845 - New York City - Publication of "The City in the Sea" in the "Broadway journal"

January 1(?), 1846 - New York City - Visited by writer and poet Elizabeth Fries Ellet

May 1(?), 1846 - Fordham, Bronx, New York - "Broadway Journal" fails and Poe moves to cottage in Fordham, Bronx, New York

June 12, 1846 - Fordham - Letter to Virginia: "Keep up your heart in all hopelessness, and trust yet a little longer"

January 29, 1847 - Fordham - Letter to Marie Louise Shew: "My poor Virginia still lives, although failing fast and now suffering much pain."

Poe's cottage in Fordham

January 30, 1847 - Fordham - Virginia Clemm dies of Tuberculosis

February 2, 1847 - Fordham - Virginia Clemm Poe's funeral

July 1(?), 1848 - Fordham - Poe meets Sarah Elmira Royster again, a widow since 1844

May 1(?), 1849 - Fordham - Edgar Allan Poe writes "Annabel Lee", that would be published two days after his death

September 17, 1849 - Baltimore - Visits Baltimore to stay with Sarah Royster

October 3, 1849 - Baltimore - Edgar Allan Poe is found delirious on the streets of Baltimore. He is taken to the Washington Medical College

October 7, 1849 - Baltimore - Edgar Allan Poe dies at the Washington Medical College, aged 40 =(END)

Pyotr Stolypin | Timeline

Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin (14 April 1862 – 18 September 1911) was a Russian politician and statesman. He served as the third prime minister and the interior minister of the Russian Empire from 1906 until his assassination in 1911. Known as the greatest reformer of Russian society and economy, his reforms caused unprecedented growth of the Russian state, which was halted by his assassination. (Intro from Wikipedia)

April 14, 1862 - Dresden, Germany - Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin is born

May 24, 1862 - Dresden - Baptized in the Dresden Orthodox Church. The family moves to Moscow region

January(?) 1(?), 1869 - Kalnaberžė, Lithuania (Russian empire) - The Stolypin family moves from Moscow region to Kalnaberžė, Lithuania

January(?) 1(?), 1874 - Vilna (Vilnius, Lithuania) - Enrolled in the second grade of the Vilna Gymnasium

January(?) 1(?), 1876 - Vilna - The Stolypin family moves to Vilna, where Pyotr is enrolled at grammar school

January(?) 1(?), 1879 - Oryol - Transfered to the Oryol Gymnasium with his brother, when the 9th Army Corps under the command of his father moves from Bulgaria to that russian city

June 3, 1881 - Oryol - Graduates from the Oryol Gymnasium

August 31, 1881 - Saint-Petersburg - Begins studying agriculture at St.Petersburg University

October 27, 1884 - Saint-Petersburg - Enlisted in the Ministry of Internal Affairs while still a student =(START)

December(?) 1(?), 1884 - Saint-Petersburg - Marries Olga Borisovna von Neidhart

October 7, 1885 - Saint-Petersburg - Graduates from the Saint-Petersburg University (Physics and Mathematics, with final work on economics). On the same day he is granted the rank of "collegiate secretary". First daughter Maria is born

January 27, 1887 - Saint-Petersburg - Becomes assistant clerk of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Industry

January 1, 1888 - Saint-Petersburg - Granted the rank of "Chamber Junker of the Court of His Imperial Majesty"

October 7, 1888 - Saint-Petersburg - Promoted to "Titular advisor"

January(?) 1(?), 1889 - Saint-Petersburg - Promoted to Collegiate

March 18, 1889 - Kovno (Kaunas, Lithuania) - Becomes marshal of the Kovno Governorate (until 1902)

January(?) 1(?), 1890 - Kovno - Appointed honorary "Justice of the Peace" (empowered to perform the functions of a judge)

January(?) 1(?), 1891 - Kovno - Promoted to "Collegiate Assessor"

December 15, 1892 - Kalnaberžė - Second daughter Elena is born

January(?) 1(?), 1893 - Kovno - Awarded the first "Order of St.Anna"

March 20, 1894 - Kalnaberžė - Third daughter Natalya is born

January(?) 1(?), 1895 - Kovno - Promoted to Court Councilor

August 19, 1895 - Kovno - Fourth daughter Olga is born

January(?) 1(?), 1896 - Kovno - Receives the court rank of Chamberlain

September 30, 1897 - Kalnaberžė - Fifth daughter Alexandra is born

January(?) 1(?), 1901 - Kovno - Promoted to State councilor

May 15(?), 1902 - Bad Elster, Saxony, Germany - Stolypin takes his family "to the waters" of Bad Elster, Germany

May 30, 1902 - While in Bad Elster - Appointed Governor in Grodno Governorate

June 21, 1902 - Grodno (western Belarus) - Arrives in Grodno

July 20, 1903 - Grodno - First son Arkady is born

February 15, 1904 - Saratov - Becomes Governor of Saratov

January 1(?), 1905 - Saratov - Surpresses strikers and peasant unrest in Saratov

April 20(?), 1906 - Tsarkoe Selo, Saint-Petersburg - Summoned to Tstarkoe Selo by the Czar

April 26, 1906 - Saint-Petersburg - Becomes Minister of the Interior of the Russian Empire

July 21, 1906 - Saint-Petersburg - Ivan Goremykin resigns. Nicholas II dissolves the First State Duma and appoints Interior Minister Pyotr Stolypin also as Prime-Minister

August 25, 1906 - Aptekarsky Island, Saint-Petersburg - Stolypin and his children are wounded when three assassins from the Union of Socialist Revolutionaries maximalists bomb a public reception Stolypin was holding at his dacha on Aptekarsky Island. 28 people are killed

October 16, 1906 - Saint-Petersburg - Letter from Nicholas II of Russia

November 9, 1906 - Saint-Petersburg - Agrarian reform decree: "On supplementing some of the provisions of the current law concerning peasant land ownership and land use" - It proclaimed a wide range of measures to destroy the collective land tenure of rural society and create a class of peasant owners of the land

March 13, 1907 - Saint-Petersburg - Speech before the Second Duma

May 7, 1907 - Saint-Petersburg - Stolypin publishes in the Duma a "Government report on a conspiracy" discovered in the capital and aimed at committing terrorist acts against the Czar, Grand Duke Nikolai and himself

June 8, 1907 - Saint-Petersburg - Stolypin dissolves the second Duma

November 7, 1907 - Saint-Petersburg - A Third Duma is elected, dominated by gentry, landowners and businessmen

November 17, 1907 - Saint-Petersburg - In a Duma session, Kadet party member Fedor Rodichev refers to the gallows as "Stolypin's efficient black Monday necktie". Outraged, Stolypin challenges Rodichev to a duel, but Rodichev apologizes to avert it.

January 20, 1910 - Saint-Petersburg - Stolypin issues a circular order to close and to stop the registration of "foreign" societies foreign on the basis of "national interests" (Ukrainian, jewish, german, religious, cultural and educational societies)

June 14, 1910 - Saint-Petersburg - Stolypin's land reforms came before the Duma as a formal law, including a proposal to spread the "zemstvo" system to the southwestern provinces of Asian Russia. Stolypin's political opponents narrowly defeat it.

August 19, 1910 - Kolonets, SE of Moscow - Visit to Kolonets before departing for an Inspection trip to Siberia with Mr.Krivoshein, Chief Administrator of Agriculture and Land Settlement

Stolypin (on the left) in Kiev
shortly before his death

March 5(?), 1911 - Saint-Petersburg - In a fit of anger stating that he no longer commanded the imperial confidence, Stolypin asks to be relieved of his office

August 25(?), 1911 - Kiev - Stolypin travels to Kiev for the unveiling of a statue to Alexander II

August 30, 1911 - Kiev - Stolypin presents a jewish delegation to the Czar

September 14, 1911 - Kiev - Nicholas II, his daughters Olga and Tatyana, and various dignataries visit the Kiev Opera House for a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's "The tale of the Tsar Saltan". During the intermission, Prime-minister Stolypin is shot four times

September 18, 1911 - Kiev - Prime-Minister Stolypin dies of his wounds, aged 49 =(END)

Alexander Nevsky | Timeline

Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (13 May 1221 – 14 November 1263) served as Prince of Novgorod (1236–40, 1241–56 and 1258–1259), Grand Prince of Kiev (1246–63) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (1252–63) during some of the most difficult times in Kievan Rus' history. (Intro from Wikipedia)

May 13, 1221 - Pereslavl-Zalessky, Vladimir-Suzdal (Between Yaroslavl and Moscow) - Alexander Yaroslavich is born

August(?) 1(?), 1228 - Novgorod - Alexander and his elder brother Fyodor are left in Novgorod while their father goes on a military campaign againt Riga in the Summer

February 1(?), 1229 - Pereslavl - Flees from the city fearing reprisals of the rebellious Novgorodians

January(?) 1(?), 1230 - Novgorod - Prince Yaroslav is summoned to Novgorod. After spending two weeks in the city, he puts Fyodor and Alexander to reign

June 5, 1233 - Novgorod - Fyodor dies, aged 13

January(?) 1(?), 1235 - River Emajogi (today Estonia) - Alexander participates in his first battle, where the forces of Yaroslav totally routed the Germans =(START)

August(?) 1(?), 1236 - Pereslavl-Zalessky, Vladimir-Suzdal - After a successful Kiev campaign, Yaroslav leaves Novgorod to reign in Kiev. Alexander is appointed by the Novgorodians to become prince (knyaz) and military leader of the Republic of Novgorod, to defend their northwest lands from Swedish and german invaders

February 4, 1238 - While in Pereslavl-Zalessky - A Mongol horde lays siege to Vladimir

February 7, 1238 - While in Pereslavl-Zalessky - Vladimir is taken and burnt to the ground

March 4, 1238 - While in Pereslavl-Zalessky - Battle of the Sit River - The Mongols defeat (and kill) Grand Prince Yuri II at Yaroslavl

January(?) 1(?), 1239 - Toropets, W. of Velikiye Luki - Marries a daughter of Bryacheslav Vasilkovich, Prince of Polatsk and Vitebsk

January(?) 1(?), 1240 - Pereslavl-Zalessky - Banished to Pereslavl by the citizens of Novgorod

July(?) 1(?), 1240 - Novgorod - Prince Alexander is recalled to the city when the Teutonic Knights take Pskov and approach Novgorod

Battle of the Neva

July 15, 1240 - near Ust-Izhora, Neva River, Russia - Battle of the Neva - Alexander defeats the swedes and saves Novgorod, gaining the sobriquet "Nevsky" (of Neva)

January(?) 1(?), 1241 - Koporye, W. of St.Petersburg - Retakes Koporye from the crusaders

March 5, 1242 - Pskov - Alexander Nevsky retakes Pskov

April 5, 1242 - over frozen Lake Peipus, between Estonia and Russia - Battle of the Ice - Alexander Nevsky defeats the Livonian Knights

January(?) 1(?), 1245 - Toropets | Usvyat, Pskov - Victorious campaign against the Lithuanians, retaking Toropets and defeating them again near Usvyat

September 30, 1246 - While in Novgorod(?) - Nevsky's father Yaroslav is poisoned in Karakorum, to where he was summoned

November(?) 1(?), 1246 - Novgorod(?) - Becomes Grand Prince of Kiev after his father's death

January(?) 1(?), 1247 - Sarai, near the Caspian Sea - Alexander goes to the Horde to Batu Khan

January(?) 1(?), 1248 - Karakorum, Mongolia - From Sarai, he follows his brother Andrei to the Great Khan in Mongolia

January(?) 1(?), 1249 - Kiev (today Ukraine) - Alexander and his brother Andrei return from Karakorum

January(?) 1(?), 1251 - Kiev - Concludes an agreement with the Norwegian King Hakon IV on the settlement of border disputes and delimitations in the collection of tribute from the vast territory inhabited by karelians and Sami

January(?) 1(?), 1252 - Novgorod - Alexander is installed as the Grand Prince of Vladimir, after another Mongol invasion forces Prince Andrei to exile in Sweden

January(?) 1(?), 1256 - Finland - Campaign in Finland through the polar night

January(?) 1(?), 1258 - Sarai, near the Caspian Sea - Goes to the Horde to "honor" Berke Khan's governor Ulaghchi

January(?) 1(?), 1259 - Novgorod - Nevsky leads an army to Novgorod and forces the city to pay tribute that it had previously refused to the Golden Horde

November(?) 1(?), 1263 - Nizhny Novgorod - Reaches Nizhny Novgorod on his way back from Sarai and stays for a few days rest

November 14, 1263 - Gorodets, Vladimir-Suzdal - Alexander Nevsky falls ill and dies before returning home, aged 42 =(END)

Ivan the Terrible | Timeline

Ivan IV Vasilyevich (25 August 1530 – 28 March 1584), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584. (Intro from Wikipedia)

August 25, 1530 - Kolomenskoye, SE of Moscow, Grand Duchy of Moscow - Ivan IV Vasilyevich is born

December 3, 1533 - Kolomenskoye - Appointed Grand Prince of Moscow after his father dies. His mother Elena Glinskaya initially acted as regent

January(?) 1(?), 1538 - Kolomenskoye - 8-year-old Ivan survives poisoning

January 26, 1547 - Moscow - Crowned Tsar of all Russia at the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, aged 16 =(START)

February 3, 1547 - Moscow - Marries Anastasia Romanovna at the Cathedral of the Annunciation

June 21, 1547 - Moscow - Great Fire of Moscow - The city was mostly wooden, densely populated and lacked an organized fire service. Fires broke out regularly, but storm-force winds drove a blaze from the Arbat street to the Kremlin, Kitai-gorod and Bolshoi Posad. The fire displaced about 80,000 people and killed about 2,700 to 3,700 people (not including children), leading to widespread poverty among the survivors

January(?) 1(?), 1549 - Moscow - Formation of the "Zemsky Sobor" (Assembly of the Land), a Parliament of the Tsardom of Russia's estates of the realm

June 16, 1552 - Moscow - Ivan the Terrible leads an army of 150,000 men and 150 cannons towards Kolomna

August 17, 1552 - Arsk, River Volga - The russian troops cross the River Volga

Siege of Kazan

August 23, 1552 - Kazan, Tatarstan (Today Russia) - Ivan the Terrible lays siege to Kazan

October 2, 1552 - Kazan - Fall of Kazan

March 28, 1554 - Moscow - First son, Ivan Ivanovich, is born

July 2, 1554 - Astrakhan, Volga Delta, Caspian Sea - The russian army occupies Astrakhan, the capital of Astrakhan Khanate

July 9, 1554 - Astrakhan - Signature of the Moscow-Astrakhan Treaty. Astrakhan acknowledges its vassalage to Moscow

December(?) 1(?), 1554 - Moscow - Ivan the Terrible receives the english explorer Richard Chancellor (winter of 1553-54)

January(?) 1(?), 1555 - Moscow - Beginning of the construction of the Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed (commonly known as Saint Basil's Cathedral)

January(?) 1(?), 1556 - Moscow - English explorer Richard Chancellor visits Moscow for a second time

August 26, 1556 - While in Moscow(?) - After a military campaign to punish the disobeyance of Khan Derbysh-Ali, the Astrakhan Khanate is annexed to Russia

May 31, 1557 - Moscow - Second son, Feodor, is born

August 7, 1560 - Alexandrovskaya Sloboda, NE of Moscow - Tsarina Anastasia Romanovna dies in Kolomenskoye, aged 29/30

July 12, 1561 - Moscow - Consecration of the Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow

November 30, 1562 - Moscow - Ivan the Terrible leaves Moscow with his army

December 4, 1562 - Mozhaysk, W. of Moscow - Arrival in Mozhaysk

January 5, 1563 - Velikiye Luki, near Pskov - Russian army units from other cities join the main army in Velikiye Luki

January 31, 1563 - Polotsk, near Vitebsk, Belarus - Ivan the Terrible lays siege to Polotsk

February 15, 1563 - Polotsk - Capitulation of Polotsk

February 21, 1563 - Polotsk - The Ambassador of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania arrives for negotiations with the Tsar

February 27, 1563 - Polotsk - Ivan the Terrible sets out for Moscow, leaving a garrison in Polotsk

December 3, 1564 - Moscow - Departs Moscow on pilgrimage to Alexandrovskaya Sloboda

January 3, 1565 - Alexandrovskaya Sloboda, NE of Moscow - Letter to the clergy and the elite of Moscow, announcing his abdication

January 2, 1570 - Outskirts of Novgorod - The Tsar's army arrives on the outskirts of Novgorod

January 6, 1570 - Novgorod - Ivan the Terrible arrives with his son and court on the outskirts of Novgorod

January 8, 1570 - Novgorod - Ivan the Terrible enters Novgorod. Archbishop Pimen is arrested and the city is sacked

February 12, 1570 - Novgorod - Withraws from Novgorod with his army, leaving the city destroyed and up to 12,000 people killed

May 24, 1571 - Moscow - Devlet I Giray of Crimea bypasses a number of russian defences and set the suburbs of Moscow on fire. A sudden wind blows the flames into the center of Moscow and the city is destroyed. The number of casualties of the fire ranged from 60,000 to 200,000

July 29, 1572 - Molodi, 50km S. of Moscow - The Battle of Molodi begins - 25,000 russians face a 40-60,000-strong tatar horde (reinforced by ottoman janissaries), led again by Devlet I Giray of Crimea

August 2, 1572 - Molodi - The Battle of Molodi ends with a russian victory. Only 20,000 tatar horsemen return to Crimea

Ivan the terrible and his son,
by Ilya Repin (1844-1930)

November 15, 1581 - Alexandrovskaya Sloboda, NE of Moscow - Ivan the Terrible assaults his daughter-in-law, who he felt was wearing unconventionally light clothing. When the tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich rushes in and confronts his father to defend his wife, the tsar strikes the head of his heir son with his sceptre. Ivan the Terrible immediately throws himself at his son, kissing his face and trying to stop the bleeding on his temple: "May I be damned! I've killed my son!"

January(?) 1(?), 1580 - Moscow(?) - Attends the wedding of Tsarevich Feodor to Irina Godunova

November 19, 1581 - Alexandrovskaya Sloboda - Despite the tsar's incessant prayers for a miracle, Ivan Ivanovich dies, aged 27

March 28, 1584 - Moscow - Ivan the Terrible dies from a stroke while playing chess with Bogdan Belsky, aged 53 =(END)

John III Sobieski | Timeline

John III Sobieski (Jan III Sobieski, 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696. Popular among his subjects, he was an able military leader, most famous for his victory over the Turks at the Battle of Vienna in 1683. The defeated Ottomans named Sobieski the "Lion of Lechistan", and the Pope hailed him as the saviour of Western Christendom. (Intro from Wikipedia)

August 17, 1629 - Olesko, Poland (today Ukraine) - Jan III Sobieski is born

January(?) 1(?), 1643 - Kraków, Poland - Graduates from Bartlomiej Nowodworski College in Kraków

January(?) 1(?), 1646 - Kraków - Graduates from the philosophical faculty of the University of Kraków

April(?) 1(?), 1646 - Kraków(?) - Jan and his elder brother Marek set out on a two and a half years educational journey to Germany (Leipzig and Berlin), the Netherlands (Antwerp, Brussels, Leiden and the Hague), France (Paris - almost a year - Chartres, Orléans, Blois, Angers, La Rochelle, Poitiers, Lyon and Marseille) and London

June 13, 1646 - While in Paris - His father, Jakub Sobieski, dies in Zółkiew (Zhovkva, Ukraine), aged 56

October(?) 1(?), 1648 - Warsaw, Poland(?) - Both brothers return to the Commonwealth due to the uprising led by Bohdan Chmielnicki and enlist in the army

November 6, 1648 - Zamość, NE Poland - Cossack leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky lays siege to Zamość =(START)

November 24, 1648 - Zamość - Khmelnytsky lifts the siege of Zamość when a royal army approaches

August 15, 1649 - Zborów (Zboriv, Western Ukraine) - Battle of Zborów - Cossack-Tatar coalition tactical victory

June 28, 1651 - Berestechko, western Ukraine - Battle of Berestechko (until June 30th) - Decisive Polish victory over the Zaporozhian cossacks and the Crimean Khanate. Sobieski is wounded in the head and evacuated

June 2, 1652 - While in Lwów (Lviv, western Ukraine) - Jan's brother Marek is taken prisoner and beheaded on the order of Bohdan Chmielnicki following the Battle of Batoh. Jan is saved from a similar death by a serious illness and long-term treatment in Lwów, which prevented him from taking part in the battle

July(?) 1(?), 1652 - Krasnystaw, SE Poland - Takes over the office of starost of Krasnystaw

December 3, 1653 - Zhvanets, near Khotyn (Ukraine-Romania-moldova border) - Battle of Zhvanets (until December 17th) against the Cossacks-Tartars

March 29, 1654 - Istanbul, Ottoman Empire - Arrives in Istanbul as a member of the retinue of the grand envoy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Mikolaj Bieganowski and spends two months there

May 21, 1654 - Istanbul - Leaves Istanbul

January 19, 1655 - Ochmatów (Okhmativ, Central Ukraine) - Battle of Ochmatów (until January 22nd) - Polish-Tartar victory

July 24, 1655 - Ujście, NW Poland - Battle and capitulation at Ujście (24-25 July)

October 16, 1655 - Ujście(?) - Krzysztof Opaliński (with Sobieski) and Bogusław Leszczyński, dissatisfied with policies of King John II Casimir of Poland, swear an oath of allegiance to King Carl X Gustav of Sweden =(changeflag)

February 18, 1656 - Gołąb, NW of Lublin, Poland - Battle of the Pigeon - Victory to the Swedes

March 11, 1656 - Jarosław, SE Poland - Battle of Jarosław (until March 15th) - Polish-Lithuanian victory

March 24, 1656 - near Łańcut, SE Poland - Abandons the swedes and returns to the side of King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland, enlisting under the command of hetman(*) Stefan Czarniecki =(originalflag). (*) Hetman - second-highest military commander in Poland

April 7, 1656 - Warka, S. of Warsaw - Battle of Warka - Victory against the Swedes

April 19, 1656 - Toruń, north-central Poland - Attacks the entrenchments of Toruń, together with Dymitr Wiśniowiecki

May 26, 1656 - Warsaw - Receives the position of the "chorąży koronny" (Standard-bearer of the Crown)

July 23, 1657 - near Międzyboże (Medzhybizh, Ukraine) - Surrender of the Transylvanian army of Jerzy II Rakoczy to polish commanders

July 28, 1658 - near Warsaw, Poland - Battle of Warsaw (until July 30th) - Commands a regiment of 2,000 Tartar cavalrymen. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is defeated by Sweden and Brandenburg

September 16, 1658 - Hadiach, Central-East Ukraine - Treaty of Hadiach between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Zaporozhian Cossacks, transforming the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth into a Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth - John III Sobieski was one of the polish negotiators

September 25(?), 1658 - Toruń, north-central Poland - Joins the Siege of Torun as part of a division under the command of Jerzy Lubomirski

December 30, 1658 - Toruń - The swedish garrison of Toruń capitulates

January 11, 1659 - Warsaw - Elected deputy to the Sejm (Polish Parliament) from the Lublin Voivodeship

March 19, 1660 - Warsaw(?) - Rewarded with the office of Starost of Stryj Castle and commander of the infantry regiment of the foreign army

September 14, 1660 - Lyubar, near Zhytomyr, Ukraine - Battle of Lyubar (until September 27th) - Polish victory

October 7, 1660 - Slobodyshche, SW of Zhytomyr, Ukraine - Battle of Slobodyshche against the Cossacks  - Stalemate

October 17, 1660 - Cudnów (Chudniv, near Zhytomir, Ukraine) - The Treaty of Chudnov is signed between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Cossacks. It restored most of the provisions of the Treaty of Hadiach. John III Sobieski was one of the negotiators

November 27, 1661 - Warsaw - His mother dies and he takes full control over the family property

March(?) 17(?), 1662 - Warsaw - Elected deputy of the Sejm

October 18, 1663 - Biała Cerkiew (Bila Tserkva, Ukraine) - The Polish army reaches Bila Tserkva for the Russian campaign of 1663, joining forces with the cossacks of Hetman Pawel Terera

October 31, 1663 - Rzyszczow (Rzyszcziw, Ukraine) - The polish army crosses the Dniester at Rzyszczow

January 22, 1664 - Głuchów, Ukraine-Russia border - Siege of Głuchów (until February 9th). Due to significant losses and the lack of sense to continue besieging the city, the polish army lifts the siege and moves on to Moscow

March(?) 17(?), 1664 - Warsaw - Member of the Sejm

March(?) 17(?), 1665 - Warsaw - Member of the Sejm

May 15, 1665 - Warsaw - Sobieski secretly marries Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien, widow of Count Jan Zamojski, during her period of mourning

May 18, 1665 - Warsaw - Promoted to the rank of Grand Marshal of the Crown

July 5, 1665 - Wilanów, Warsaw - Officialy marries Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien

April 30(?), 1666 - Warsaw - Promoted to Field Crown Hetman

July 12, 1666 - Mątwy, near Inowrocław, Central Poland - The Royal Army arrives at Mątwy - Skirmishes with rebel forces

July 13, 1666 - Mątwy - Battle of Mątwy - Polish-Lithuanian defeat against the rebels led by Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski

July 31, 1666 - Łęgonice, East-Central Poland - Signs the agreement of Łęgonice, ending the rebellion against the Polish King John II Casimir Vasa

October 6, 1667 - Podhajce (Pidhaitsi, western Ukraine) - Battle of Podhajce (until October 16th) - Polish-Lituanian victory

November 2, 1667 - While in Warsaw(?) - Son Jakub Ludwik (James Louis) Sobierski is born in Paris

February 5, 1668 - Warsaw - Promoted to Grand Hetman of the Crown, becoming the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army

September 16, 1669 - Warsaw - Signs the act confirming the abdication of John II Casimir Vasa

November 5, 1669 - Warsaw - Convocation of the Sejm

May 15, 1669 - Warsaw - Concludes an agreement with Primate Prażmowski, the Great Lithuanian Chancellor Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac and the Great Crown Treasurer Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, about supporting the candidacy of the Great Kondeusz to the Polish crown

June 19, 1669 - Warsaw - Election of King Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki

August 26, 1671 - Near Bratslav, Ukraine - Victory against the Cossack-Tartar army near Bratslav

April(?) 1(?), 1672 - Warsaw - In the Spring, he offers plans for the development of Polish foreign policy for the consideration of the Sejm

October 7, 1672 - Niemirów (Nemyriv, Western Ukraine) - Battle of Niemirów - Polish victory. Sobieski frees 12,000 civilians captured by the Tartars

October 9, 1672 - Komarno, Western Ukraine - Battle of Komarno - Polish victory. Sobieski frees 20,000 civilians captured by the Tartars

October 18, 1672 - Treaty of Buchach - Buczacz (Buchach, Ukraine) - The Commonwealth is forced to cede territories to the Ottomans

January(?) 1(?), 1673 - Warsaw - In the Winter, he offers plans for the development of Polish foreign policy for the consideration of the Sejm

April 1(?), 1673 - Warsaw - Negotiations at the Sejm

November 10, 1673 - While in Khotyn, Western Ukraine - King Michael I dies of food poisoning in Lwów, aged only 33

November 11, 1673 - Khotyn, Western Ukraine - Battle of Khotyn - Polish-Lithuanian victory

John III Sobieski
in the Battle of Khotyn, 1673

May 19, 1674 - Warsaw - Elected King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

June 11, 1675 - Jaworów (Yavoriv, Ukraine) - Secret Treaty of Jaworów between John III Sobieski and France - Poland promises to aid France against Brandenburg-Prussia, in exchange for French monetary subsidies and support for polish claims over Ducal Prussia

August 24, 1675 - Lwów (Lviv, Western Ukraine) - Battle of Lwów - Sobieski defeats the Ottoman and Tartar offensive

January 30, 1676 - Kraków, Poland - Grand entry into Kraków

February 2, 1676 - Kraków - Coronation ceremony for John III Sobieski

March 4, 1676 - Warsaw - Daughter Theresa Kunegunda is born

July 19, 1676 - Jaworów (Yavoriv, Ukraine) - Attends the baptism of Theresa Kunegunda in Jaworów

September 24, 1676 - Żurawno (Zhuravne, Western Ukraine) - The Battle of Żurawno begins against the Tartars

September 28, 1676 - Żurawno - An ottoman army under Ibrahim Seytan arrives and lays siege to Żurawno. Bombardment begins

October 5, 1676 - Żurawno - The ottoman bombardment stops. Sobieski is forced to abandon the first line of defence

October 14, 1676 - Żurawno - A truce between both sides is signed

October 17, 1676 - Żurawno - Treaty of Żurawno between the Polish-Lituanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire - Poland gains the return of the towns of Bila Tserkva and Pavoloch

August 4, 1677 - Gdańsk, Poland - Signs a secret treaty with Sweden in Gdańsk

September 6, 1677 - Gdańsk - Prince Aleksandr Benedykt is born

May 1, 1680 - Warsaw - Prince Konstanty Wladislaw is born

March 31, 1683 - Warsaw - Treaty of Warsaw - Jan III Sobieski allies with Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire

July 1(?), 1683 - Warsaw - An Austrian envoy asks for polish assistance against the ottomans besieging Vienna. Sobieski sets out to Kraków

August 15, 1683 - Kraków, Poland - Departs from Kraków to Vienna

August 31, 1683 - Hollabrunn, between Tulln and the Austrian-Czech border - Sobieski and the Polish Army reach Hollabrunn in Austria

September 6, 1683 - Tulln an der Donau, NW of Vienna - Sobieski and the Polish Army arrive in Tulln and are joined by Bavarians and Saxons under Charles V, Duke of Lorraine

Battle of Vienna, 1683

September 12, 1683 - Vienna, Austria - Jan Sobieski reaches Vienna and launches a devastating flank attack against the ottomans, led by his Polish Winged Hussars - Battle of Vienna - Decisive Christian Coalition victory

October 7, 1683 - Párkány (Štúrovo, Slovakia) - Battle of Párkány (until October 10th) - Christian Coalition victory

March 5, 1684 - While in Warsaw(?) - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth joins the Holy League. The Treaty is signed by representatives of th Holy Roman Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Republic of Venice, at Linz, Austria

May 24, 1684 - While in Warsaw(?) - The Treaty of the Holy League is sworn by Pope Innocent XI and most Cardinals in Rome

August 23, 1684 - Jazłowiec (Yazlovets, Western Ukraine) - Battle of Jazłowiec (until August 24th) - Polish-Lithuanian victory. Sobieski captures the castle in Jazłowiec

August 30(?), 1684 - Zhvanets, near Khotyn (Ukraine-Romania-moldova border) - In order to fortify the crossing of the Dniester, castles in Zwaniec and Khotyn were manned and the construction of a bridge was launched. Unfortunately the pouring rains, and thus swelling of water in Dniester did not allow to finish the construction and – more efficiently than the the enemy could have done – stopped the king's forces on the Polish side of the river.

September 29, 1684 - Zhnavets - Commander-in-chief Jablonowski and Crown vice chancellor Jan Gninski try to convince the King to abandon the moldavian campaign and focus on regaining Kamianets-Podolsk

July 21, 1686 - Khotyn, Western Ukraine - Sets out to Moldavia with 36,000 men and 88 cannons

August 15, 1686 - Cecora (Țuțora, Romania-Moldavia border) - The Polish army reaches Cecora

August 16, 1686 - Iași, NE Romania - Jan III Sobieski enters Iași

September 2, 1686 - Focșani, Eastern Romania - Due to the difficulty of marching on the steppe terrain in a dry and hot climate, Sobieski gives up the Budjak (southern Moldavia) campaign and decides to march back to Iași

September 14, 1686 - Iași - Returns to Iași

October 13, 1686 - Sniatyn, Western Ukraine - Sobieski returns to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

October 21, 1686 - Kraków, Poland(?) - The King gives up the First Command to the hands of the hetmans

March 24, 1688 - Warsaw - Speech to the Sejm accusing the anarchy of the gentry and foretelling the downfall of the Polish state

February 8, 1691 - Warsaw - Attends the marriage of his son, Prince Jakub Louis and Countess Palatine Hedwig Elisabeth of Neuburg

August 30(?), 1691 - Kraków, Poland(?) - Sobieski sets out to Moldavia with 30,000 men

September 13, 1691 - Pererita, Northern tip of Moldavia - Battle of Pereryta - Sobieski crosses the Prut and enters Moldavia, heading for Iasi

October 13, 1691 - Târgu Neamț, NE Romania - Short of food supplies, Sobieski abandons the march to Iasi and reaches Târgu Neamț. The town surrenders on the next day after a polish bombardment

October 20(?), 1691 - Suceava, NE Romania - Resting at Suceava

October 30(?), 1691 - Sniatyn, Western Ukraine - Sobieski returns to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

December 4, 1693 - Warsaw - Receives Reverend Carlo Mauritio Vota (italian jesuit) and listens to one of his speeches

August 15, 1694 - Warsaw - Marriage by proxy of Princess Theresa Kunegunda and Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria and governor of the Spanish Netherlands

January 1, 1695 - While in Warsaw - Princess Theresa Kunegunda arrives in Brussels

June 17, 1696 - Wilanów, Warsaw, Poland - Jan III Sobieski dies, aged 66 =(END)