Friday, 2 October 2020

Ayrton Senna | Timeline

Ayrton Senna da Silva
(21 March 1960 – 1 May 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver who won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1988, 1990 and 1991, and who is widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers of all time. He died in an accident leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix driving for Williams Racing. (Intro from Wikipedia)

March 21, 1960 - Santana, São Paulo, Brazil - Ayrton Senna da Silva is born
January(?) 1(?), 1963 - Santana, São Paulo - Ayrton is taken to the doctor for an electroencephalogram. He had motor coordination problems and a difficulty in climbing stairways. However, the exam shows that he had no medical problems. He was also hyperactive and introspective at the same time. About this time he begins developing an interest in cars and motor racing. His favourite toy was a pedal car that his parents bought him
January(?) 1(?), 1964 - Santana, São Paulo - For his 4th birthday, his father builds him a 1-horsepower go-kart. It was all he wanted. Soon his neurological problems seem to vanish
January(?) 1(?), 1967 - Santana, São Paulo - 7-year-old Senna learns by himself to drive a jeep and how to change gears without using a clutch
January(?) 1(?), 1969 - Campinas, São Paulo - 9-year-old Senna competes for the first time with a go-kart built by his father
March 21, 1970 - Santana, São Paulo - For his 10th birthday, Senna's father gives him a full-sized go-kart with a 100cc engine. Now he had to wait 3 years to be eligible to race with it
July 1(?), 1973 - Interlagos, São Paulo -
 13-year-old Senna wins in his first official race
April 22, 1977 - San José, Uruguay - Senna begins his time trials for the South American Go-kart Championship in 4th place
April 24, 1977 - San José, Uruguay - Senna wins the South American Go-Kart Championship
September 1(?), 1978 - Le Mans, France - Senna finishes the go-kart championship in 6th place
September 1(?), 1979 - Estoril, Portugal - Senna finishes the go-kart championship in 2nd place
September 21, 1980 - Nivelles, Belgium - Senna finishes the go-kart championship in 2nd place
November 15(?), 1980 - London - Senna travels to England with his fiancée, Liliane Souza
November 16(?), 1980 - Snetterton, SW of Norwich, England - Senna is taken to the Snetterton circuit and tests a British Formula Ford Van Diemen car. Ralph Firman, the boss of team Van Diemen, decides to give Senna a place in the team =(START)
February 1(?), 1981 - Santana, São Paulo(?) - Senna marries Liliane Souza. They travel to England on honeymoon
February 15(?), 1981 - Eaton, near Norwich - Senna and Liliane move to a bungalow in Eaton, not far from the Van Diemen factory
March 1, 1981 - Brands Hatch, England - First Race in Formula Ford 1600 with the Van Diemen team. Senna finishes in 5th place
March 8, 1981 - Thruxton, England - Formula Ford 1600 race - Senna finishes 3rd
March 15, 1981 - Brands Hatch, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
March 22, 1981 - Mallory Park, England - Formula Ford 1600 race - Senna finishes 2nd
April 5, 1981 - Mallory Park, England - Formula Ford 1600 race - Senna finishes 2nd
May 3, 1981 - Snetterton, England - Formula Ford 1600 race - Senna finishes 2nd
May 24, 1981 - Oulton Park, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
May 25, 1981 - Mallory Park, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
June 7, 1981 - Snetterton, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
June 21, 1981 - Silverstone, England - Formula Ford 1600 race - Senna finishes 2nd
June 27, 1981 - Oulton Park, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
July 4, 1981 - Donington Park, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
July 12, 1981 - Brands Hatch, England - Formula Ford 1600 race - Senna finishes 4th
July 25, 1981 - Oulton Park, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
July 26, 1981 - Mallory Park, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
August 4, 1981 - Brands Hatch, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
August 9, 1981 - Snetterton, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
August 15, 1981 - Donington Park, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
August 31, 1981 - Thruxton, England - Senna wins the Formula Ford 1600 race
September 27, 1981 - Brands Hatch, England - Formula Ford 1600 race - Senna finishes 2nd and is the Champion
February 1(?), 1982 - Eaton, near Norwich - Senna decides to return to England and pursue his career. He and Liliane divorce before he travels
March 7, 1982 - Brands Hatch, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
March 27, 1982 - Oulton Park, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
March 28, 1982 - Silverstone, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
April 4, 1982 - Donington Park, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
April 9, 1982 - Snetterton, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
April 12, 1982 - Silverstone, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
April 18, 1982 - Zolder, Belgium - European Formula 2000 Championship - Did not finish
May 2, 1982 - Donington Park, England - European Formula 2000 Championship - Senna wins
May 3, 1982 - Mallory Park, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
May 9, 1982 - Zolder, Belgium - European Formula 2000 Championship - Did not finish
May 30, 1982 - Oulton Park, England - British Formula Ford 2000 Championship - Did not finish
May 31, 1982 - Brands Hatch, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
June 6, 1982 - Mallory Park, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
June 13, 1982 - Brands Hatch, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
June 15(?), 1982 - Silverstone, England - Senna tests a Formula 3 car for Team Jordan at Silverstone
June 20, 1982 - Hockenheim, Germany - European Formula 2000 Championship - Did not finish
June 26, 1982 - Oulton Park, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
July 3, 1982 - Zandvoort, Netherlands - European Formula 2000 Championship - Senna wins
July 4, 1982 - Snetterton, England - British Formula Ford 2000 - Senna finishes 2nd
July 10, 1982 - Castel Combe, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
August 1, 1982 - Snetterton, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
August 8, 1982 - Hockenheim, Germany - European Formula 2000 Championship - Senna wins
August 15, 1982 - Zeltweg, Austria - European Formula 2000 Championship - Senna wins
August 22, 1982 - Jyllands-Ring, Denmark - European Formula 2000 Championship - Senna wins
August 30, 1982 - Thruxton, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
September 4, 1982 - Oulton Park, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
September 5, 1982 - Silverstone, England - British Formula Ford 2000 race - Senna wins
September 12, 1982 - Mondello Park, Ireland - European Formula 2000 Championship - win - Senna wins the European Formula Ford 2000 Championship
September 26, 1982 - Brands Hatch, England - British Formula Ford 2000 - Senna finishes 2nd and wins the British Formula Ford 2000 Championship
October 28, 1982 - Thruxton, England - Senna tests a Formula 3 car for West Surrey Racing
November 9, 1982 - Snetterton, England - New tests for West Surrey Racing
November 13, 1982 - Thruxton, England - Non-Championship Formula 3 race. Senna takes pole position and wins the race, with participation of rally ace Henri Toivonen
December 12, 1982 - Tarumã, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - Senna wins the South American Go-kart championship
March 6, 1983 - Silverstone, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
March 13, 1983 - Thruxton, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
March 20, 1983 - Silverstone, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
March 27, 1983 - Donington Park, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
April 4, 1983 - Thruxton, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
April 24, 1983 - Silverstone, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
May 2, 1983 - Thruxton, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
May 8, 1983 - Brands Hatch, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
May 30, 1983 - Silverstone, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
June 12, 1983 - Silverstone, England - British Formula 3 Championship race
June 19, 1983 - Caldwell Park, England - British Formula 3 Championship race
July 3, 1983 - Snetterton, England - British Formula 3 Championship race
July 16, 1983 - Silverstone, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
July 19, 1983 - Donington Park, England - Senna tests a Williams Formula 1 car for the first time at Donington Park
July 24, 1983 - Donington Park - British Formula 3 Championship race
August 6, 1983 - Oulton Park, England - British Formula 3 Championship race
August 29, 1983 - Silverstone, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna victory
September 11, 1983 - Oulton Park, England - British Formula 3 Championship race
September 18, 1983 - Thruxton, England - British Formula 3 Championship race
October 2, 1983 - Silverstone, England - British Formula 3 Championship race
October 23, 1983 - Thruxton, England - British Formula 3 Championship race - Ayrton Senna wins the race and the Championship
November 1(?), 1983 - Le Castellet, near Marseille, France - Senna test for Brabham at Circuit Paul Ricard
November 9, 1983 - Silverstone, England - Senna tests a McLaren MP4 Formula 1 car at Silverstone
November 15(?), 1983 - Portuguese Territory of Macau (Today China) - Macau Formula 3 Grand Prix - Ayrton Senna wins
March 24, 1984 - Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - 17th place on the grid for the Brazilian 1984 Grand Prix
March 25, 1984 - Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro - Debut in Formula 1 with Toleman-Hart at the 1984 Brazilian Grand Prix in Rio de Janeiro
April 6, 1984 - Kyalami, South Africa - 13th place on the grid for the South African 1984 Grand Prix
April 7, 1984 - Kyalami - Senna finishes 6th on his second race, scoring his first Formula 1 championship point. He meets Professor Sid Watkins, the FIA medical director, for the first time
April 28, 1984 - Zolder, Belgium - 19th place on the grid for the Belgium 1984 Grand Prix
April 29, 1984 - Zolder - Senna finishes 6th again at the 1984 Belgium Grand Prix
May 6, 1984 - Imola, Italy - Senna fails to qualify for the San Marino Grand Prix due to a combination of tyre issues and a fuel-pressure problem. It would be the only time this would happen in his career
May 12, 1984 - Nürburg, Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany - Nürburgring race of champions with participation of former and future Formula 1 champions, such as Juan Manuel Fangio (who he meets for the first time), Alain Prost, Stirling Moss, Niki Lauda, Jody Scheckter, Keke Rosberg, Jacques Laffite and others. All competitors race in Mercedes-Benz 190. Senna wins!
May 19, 1984 - Dijon-Prenois, France - 13th place on the grid for the French 1984 Grand Prix
May 20, 1984 - Dijon-Prenois - French 1984 Grand Prix - Senna does not finish
June 2, 1984 - Monaco - 13th on the grid for Monaco 1984 Grand Prix
June 3, 1984 - Monaco - Monaco Grand Prix - Senna finishes second with the Toleman-Hart
June 16, 1984 - Montreal, Quebec - 9th on the grid for the Canadian 1984 Grand Prix
June 17, 1984 - Montreal - Canadian 1984 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 7th
June 23, 1984 - Detroit, Michigan - 7th on the grid for Detroit 1984 Grand Prix
June 24, 1984 - Detroit - Detroit 1984 Grand Prix - Senna does not finish
July 7, 1984 - Dallas, Texas - 6th on the grid for Dallas 1984 Grand Prix
July 8, 1984 - Dallas - Dallas 1984 Grand Prix - Senna does not finish
July 15, 1984 - Nürburg, Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany - ADAC 1000-km Nürburgring - Exhibition race to celebrate the opening of the reconfigured Nürburgring before the European Grand Prix - Senna finishes 8th driving a Joest Racing Porsche 956, alongside Henri Pescarolo and Stefan Johansson
July 21, 1984 - Brands Hatch, England - 7th on the grid for the British 1984 Grand Prix
July 22, 1984 - Brands Hatch - British Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
August 4, 1984 - Hockenheim, Germany - 9th on the grid for the German 1984 Grand Prix
August 5, 1984 - Hockenheim - German 1984 Grand Prix - Senna does not finish
August 18, 1984 - Spielberg, Styria, Austria - 10th on the grid for the Austrian Grand Prix
August 19, 1984 - Spielberg - Austrian 1984 Grand Prix - Senna does not finish
August 25, 1984 - Zandvoort, Netherlands - 13th on the grid for the 1984 Dutch Grand Prix
August 26, 1984 - Zandvoort - Dutch 1984 Dutch 1984 Grand Prix - Senna does not finish. He agrees to join Lotus and Drive a Lotus Renault for 1985
September 9, 1984 - Monza, Italy - Italian Grand Prix - Senna does not take part after he is suspended by Toleman for being in breach of his contract by entering talks with Lotus for 1985 without informing the Toleman team first
October 6, 1984 - Nürburg, Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany - 12th on the grid for the European Grand Prix
October 7, 1984 - Nürburg - European 1984 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 12th at Nürburgring
October 20, 1984 - Estoril, Portugal - 3rd on the grid for the Portuguese 1984 Grand Prix
October 21, 1984 - Estoril - Portuguese 1984 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
December(?) 1(?), 1984 - Santana, São Paulo(?) - Senna develops Bells palsy, probably from a virus. Half of his face becomes paralyzed
April 6, 1985 - Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - 4th on the grid for the Brazilian 1985 Grand Prix
April 7, 1985 - Jacarepaguá - Brazilian 1985 Grand Prix - Senna has electical problems
April 20, 1985 - Estoril, Portugal - Pole position for the Portuguese Grand Prix
First F1 victory. Estoril, 1985
April 21, 1985 - Estoril - First victory in Formula One in the Portuguese Grand Prix, during heavy rain - 1 F1 victory
May 4, 1985 - Imola, Italy - Pole position for the San Marino 1985 Grand Prix
May 5, 1985 - Imola - San Marino 1985 Grand Prix - Senna runs out of fuel and finishes 7th
May 18, 1985 - Monaco - Pole position for the Monaco Grand Prix
May 19, 1985 - Monaco - Monaco Grand Prix - Senna has engine problems
June 15, 1985 - Montreal, Quebec - Second place on the grid for the Canadian 1985 Grand Prix
June 16, 1985 - Montreal - Canadian 1985 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 16th
June 22, 1985 - Detroit, Michigan - Pole position for Detroit 1985 Grand Prix
June 23, 1985 - Detroit - Detroit 1985 Grand Prix - Senna does not finish
July 6, 1985 - Le Castellet, near Marseille, France - Second on the grid for the French 1985 Grand Prix
July 7, 1985 - Le Castellet - French 1985 Grand Prix - Senna's engine fails
July 20, 1985 - Silverstone, England - 4th on the grid for the British 1985 Grand Prix
July 21, 1985 - Silverstone - British 1985 Grand Prix - Senna has fuel injection and electronical problems - finishes 10th
August 3, 1985 - Hockenheim, Germany - 5th on the grid for the German 1985 Grand Prix
August 4, 1985 - Hockenheim - German 1985 Grand Prix - Senna does not finish
August 17, 1985 - Spielberg, Styria, Austria - 14th on the grid for the Austrian 1985 Grand Prix
August 18, 1985 - Spielberg - Austrian 1985 Grand Prix at Österreichring - Senna finishes in 2nd place
August 24, 1985 - Zandvoort, Netherlands - 4th on the grid for the Dutch 1985 Grand Prix
August 25, 1985 - Zandvoort - Dutch 1985 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
September 7, 1985 - Monza, Italy - Pole position for the Italian 1985 Grand Prix
September 8, 1985 - Monza - Italian 1985 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
September 14, 1985 - Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium - Second place on the grid for the Belgian 1985 Grand Prix
September 15, 1985 - Spa-Francorchamps - Victory at the Belgian 1985 Grand Prix - 2 F1 victories
October 5, 1985 - Brands Hatch, England - Pole position for the European 1985 Grand Prix
October 6, 1985 - Brands Hatch - European 1985 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
October 18, 1985 - Kyalami, South Africa - 4th on the grid for the South African 1985 Grand Prix
October 19, 1985 - Kyalami - South African 1985 Grand Prix - Senna has engine problems
November 2, 1985 - Adelaide, Australia - Pole position for the Australian 1985 Grand Prix
November 3, 1985 - Adelaide - Australian 1985 Grand Prix - Senna has engine problems
March 22, 1986 - Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Pole position for the Brazilian Grand Prix
March 23, 1986 - Jacarepaguá - Brazilian Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
April 12, 1986 - Jerez de la Frontera, Spain - Pole position for the 1986 Spanish Grand Prix
April 13, 1986 - Jerez de la Frontera - Victory at the 1986 Spanish Grand Prix - 3 F1 victories
April 26, 1986 - Imola, Italy - Pole position for the San Marino 1986 Grand Prix
April 27, 1986 - Imola - San Marino 1986 Grand Prix - Senna does not finish
May 10, 1986 - Monaco - 3rd place on the grid for Monaco 1986 Grand Prix
May 11, 1986 - Monaco - Monaco 1986 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
May 24, 1986 - Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium - 4th place on the grid for the Belgian 1986 Grand Prix
May 25, 1986 - Spa-Francorchamps - Belgian 1986 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
June 14, 1986 - Montreal, Quebec - Second place on the grid for the Canadian 1986 Grand Prix
June 15, 1986 - Montreal - Canadian 1986 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 5th
June 21, 1986 - Detroit, Michigan - Pole position for the US Grand Prix
June 22, 1986 - Detroit - Victory at the US Grand Prix - 4 F1 victories
July 5, 1986 - Le Castellet, near Marseille, France - Pole position for the French 1986 Grand Prix
July 6, 1986 - Le Castellet - French 1986 Grand Prix - Senna does not finish
July 12, 1986 - Brands Hatch, England - Third Place on the grid for the British 1986 Grand Prix
July 13, 1986 - Brands Hatch - British 1986 Grand Prix - Senna out with gearbox problems
July 26, 1986 - Hockenheim, Germany - Third Place on the grid for the German 1986 Grand Prix
July 27, 1986 - Hockenheim - German 1986 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
August 9, 1986 - Mogyoród, Hungary - Pole position for the Hungarian 1986 Grand Prix
August 10, 1986 - Mogyoród - Hungarian 1986 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
August 16, 1986 - Spielberg, Styria, Austria - Eight place on the grid for the Austrian 1986 Grand Prix
August 17, 1986 - Spielberg - Austrian 1986 Grand Prix - Senna has engine failure
September 6, 1986 - Monza, Italy - Fifth place on the grid for the Italian 1986 Grand Prix
September 7, 1986 - Monza - Italian 1986 Grand Prix - Senna has transmission problems
September 20, 1986 - Estoril, Portugal - Pole position for the Portuguese 1986 Grand Prix
September 21, 1986 - Estoril - Portuguese 1986 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 4th
October 11, 1986 - Mexico City, Mexico - Pole position for the Mexican 1986 Grand Prix
October 12, 1986 - Mexico City - Mexican 1986 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
October 25, 1986 - Adelaide, Australia - Third place on the grid for the australian 1986 Grand Prix
October 26, 1986 - Adelaide - Australian 1986 Grand Prix - Senna out with engine failure
April 11, 1987 - Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Third Place on the grid for the Brazilian 1987 Grand Prix
April 12, 1987 - Jacarepaguá - Brazilian 1987 Grand Prix - Senna has engine failure and abandons the race
May 2, 1987 - Imola, Italy - Pole position for the 1987 San Marino Grand Prix
May 3, 1987 - Imola - San Marino 1987 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
May 16, 1987 - Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium - Third place on the grid for the Belgian 1987 Grand Prix
May 17, 1987 - Spa-Francorchamps - Belgian 1987 Grand Prix - Senna and Nigel Mansell collide and have to abandon the race. Mansell confronts Senna in the Lotus garage
May 30, 1987 - Monaco - Second place on the grid for the Monaco 1987 Grand Prix
May 31, 1987 - Monaco - Victory at the Monaco 1987 Grand Prix - 5 F1 victories
June 20, 1987 - Detroit, Michigan - Second place on the grid for the US 1987 Grand Prix
June 21, 1987 - Detroit - Victory at the US 1987 Grand Prix - 6 F1 victories
July 4, 1987 - Le Castellet, near Marseille, France - Third place on the grid for the French 1987 Grand Prix
July 5, 1987 - Le Castellet - French 1987 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 4th
July 11, 1987 - Silverstone, England - Third place on the grid for the British 1987 Grand Prix
July 12, 1987 - Silverstone - British 1987 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
July 25, 1987 - Hockenheim, Germany - Second place on the grid for the German 1987 Grand Prix
July 26, 1987 - Hockenheim - German 1987 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
August 8, 1987 - Mogyoród, Hungary - Sixth place on the grid for the Hungarian 1987 Grand Prix
August 9, 1987 - Mogyoród - Hungarian 1987 Grand Prix at Hungaroring - Senna finishes 2nd
August 15, 1987 - Spielberg, Styria, Austria - Seventh on the grid for the Austrian 1987 Grand Prix
August 16, 1987 - Spielberg - Austrian 1987 Grand Prix at Österreichring - Senna finishes in 5th place
August 30(?), 1987 - Woking, England - Senna signs a three-year contract with McLaren for 1988 at their factory in Woking
September 1, 1987 - Woking - Senna gives an interview to "O Globo" newspaper, making public that he would switch to McLaren for 1988 in a three-year deal
September 5, 1987 - Monza, Italy - Fourth place on the grid for the Italian 1987 Grand Prix
September 6, 1987 - Monza - Italian 1987 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 4th - It is announced that Senna would be racing for McLaren in 1988
September 19, 1987 - Estoril, Portugal - Fifth place on the grid for the Portuguese 1987 Grand Prix
September 20, 1987 - Estoril - Portuguese 1987 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 7th
September 26, 1987 - Jerez de la Frontera, Spain - Fifth place on the grid for the Spanish 1987 Grand Prix
September 27, 1987 - Jerez de la Frontera - Spanish 1987 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 5th
October 17, 1987 - Mexico City, Mexico - Seventh on the grid for the Mexican 1987 Grand Prix
October 18, 1987 - Mexico City - Mexican 1987 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 7th
October 31, 1987 - Suzuka, Japan - Eighth place on the grid for the Japanese 1987 Grand Prix
November 1, 1987 - Suzuka - Japanese 1987 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
November 14, 1987 - Adelaide, Australia - Fourth place on the grid for the Australian 1987 Grand Prix
November 15, 1987 - Adelaide - Australian 1987 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd but is disqualified when post race scrutineering reveals oversized brake ducts on his Lotus
January 1, 1988 - While at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro(?) - Moves to McLaren-Honda
Ayrton Senna, 1988
March 23, 1988 - Imola, Italy - Senna flies to Bologna to test the McLaren at Imola.
April 2, 1988 - Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Pole position for the Brazilian 1988 Grand Prix
April 3, 1988 - Jacarepaguá - Brazilian 1988 Grand Prix - Senna is disqualified for illegal car change
April 19, 1988 - Monza, Italy - Testing the McLaren at Monza
April 30, 1988 - Imola, Italy - Pole position for the San Marino 1988 Grand Prix
May 1, 1988 - Imola - Victory at the San Marino 1988 Grand Prix - 7 F1 Victories
May 14, 1988 - Monaco - Pole position for Monaco 1988 Grand Prix
May 15, 1988 - Monaco - Monaco 1988 Grand Prix - Senna spins his McLaren into the barrier, damaging the car's front suspension
May 28, 1988 - Mexico City, Mexico - Pole position for the Mexican 1988 Grand Prix
May 29, 1988 - Mexico City - Mexican 1988 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
June 11, 1988 - Montreal, Quebec - Pole position for the Canadian 1988 Grand Prix
June 12, 1988 - Montreal - Victory at the Canadian 1988 Grand Prix - 8 F1 Victories
June 18, 1988 - Detroit, Michigan - Pole position for the US 1988 Grand Prix
June 19, 1988 - Detroit - Victory at the US 1988 Grand Prix - 9 F1 Victories
July 2, 1988 - Le Castellet, near Marseille, France - Second place on the grid for the French 1988 Grand Prix
July 3, 1988 - Le Castellet - French 1988 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
July 9, 1988 - Silverstone, England - Third place on the grid for the British 1988 Grand Prix
July 10, 1988 - Silverstone - Victory at the British 1988 Grand Prix - 10 F1 Victories
July 23, 1988 - Hockenheim, Germany - Pole position for the German 1988 Grand Prix
July 24, 1988 - Hockenheim - Victory at the German 1988 Grand Prix - 11 F1 Victories
August 6, 1988 - Mogyoród, Hungary - Pole position for the Hungarian 1988 Grand Prix
August 7, 1988 - Mogyoród - Victory at the Hungarian 1988 Grand Prix - 12 F1 Victories
August 27, 1988 - Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium - Pole position for the Belgian 1988 Grand Prix
August 28, 1988 - Spa-Francorchamps - Victory at the Belgian 1988 Grand Prix - 13 F1 Victories
September 10, 1988 - Monza, Italy - Pole position for the Italian 1988 Grand Prix
September 11, 1988 - Monza - Italian 1988 Grand Prix - Senna collides with Jean-Louis Schlesser
September 24, 1988 - Estoril, Portugal - Second place on the grid for the Portuguese 1988 Grand Prix
September 25, 1988 - Estoril - Portuguese 1988 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 6th
October 1, 1988 - Jerez de la Frontera, Spain - Pole position for the Spanish 1988 Grand Prix
October 2, 1988 - Jerez de la Frontera - Spanish 1988 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 4th
October 29, 1988 - Suzuka, Japan - Pole position for the Japanese 1988 Grand Prix
October 30, 1988 - Suzuka - Victory at the Japanese 1988 Grand Prix - 14 F1 Victories
November 12, 1988 - Adelaide, Australia - Pole position for the Australian 1988 Grand Prix
November 13, 1988 - Adelaide - Australian 1988 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd and is World Formula 1 Champion for the first time!
November 15, 1988 - São Paulo, Brazil - Arrives in São Paulo. The Formula 1 world champion is greeted by a crowd
January 1, 1989 - São Paulo - Senna begins a relationship with television host/singer Xuxa Meneghel
March 21, 1989 - Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil - For his 29th birthday, the Brazilian Air Force gives Senna a flight in one of their Dassault Mirage III jet fighters
March 25, 1989 - Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Pole position for the Brazilian 1989 Grand Prix
March 26, 1989 - Jacarepaguá - Brazilian 1989 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 11th after a collision
April 22, 1989 - Imola, Italy - Pole position for the San Marino 1989 Grand Prix
April 23, 1989 - Imola - Victory at the San Marino 1989 Grand Prix - 15 F1 Victories
May 6, 1989 - Monaco - Pole position for Monaco 1989 Grand Prix
May 7, 1989 - Monaco - Victory at the Monaco 1989 Grand Prix - 16 F1 Victories
May 25, 1989 - Mexico City, Mexico - Marlboro interview with Ayrton Senna and Juan Manuel Fangio
May 27, 1989 - Mexico City - Pole position for the Mexican Grand Prix
May 28, 1989 - Mexico City - Victory at the Mexican 1989 Grand Prix - 17 F1 Victories
June 3, 1989 - Phoenix, Arizona - Pole position for the US 1989 Grand Prix
June 4, 1989 - Phoenix - US 1989 Grand Prix - Senna has electrical problems
June 17, 1989 - Montreal, Quebec - Second place on the grid for the Canadian 1989 Grand Prix
June 18, 1989 - Montreal - Canadian 1989 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 7th with engine problems
July 8, 1989 - Le Castellet, near Marseille, France - Second place on the grid for the French 1989 Grand Prix
July 9, 1989 - Le Castellet - French 1989 Grand Prix - Senna suffers a differential failure
July 15, 1989 - Silverstone, England - Pole position for the British 1989 Grand Prix
July 16, 1989 - Silverstone - British 1989 Grand Prix - Senna spins out due to gear selection problems
July 29, 1989 - Hockenheim, Germany - Pole position for the German 1989 Grand Prix
July 30, 1989 - Hockenheim - Victory at the German 1989 Grand Prix - 18 F1 Victories
August 12, 1989 - Mogyoród, Hungary - Second place on the grid for the Hungarian 1989 Grand Prix
August 13, 1989 - Mogyoród - Hungarian 1989 Grand Prix at Hungaroring - Senna finishes 2nd
August 26, 1989 - Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium - Pole position for the Belgian 1989 Grand Prix
August 27, 1989 - Spa-Francorchamps - Victory at the Belgian 1989 Grand Prix - 19 F1 victories
September 9, 1989 - Monza, Italy - Pole position for the Italian 1989 Grand Prix
September 10, 1989 - Monza - Italian 1989 Grand Prix - The motor of his McLaren blows up
September 23, 1989 - Estoril, Portugal - Pole position for the Portuguese 1989 Grand Prix
September 24, 1989 - Estoril - Portuguese 1989 Grand Prix - Senna collides with Nigel Mansell
September 30, 1989 - Jerez de la Frontera, Spain - Pole position for the Spanish 1989 Grand Prix
October 1, 1989 - Jerez de la Frontera - Victory at the Spanish 1989 Grand Prix - 20 F1 victories
Senna and Prost rivalry, Suzuka 1989
October 21, 1989 - Suzuka, Japan - Pole position for the Japanese 1989 Grand Prix
October 22, 1989 - Suzuka - Japanese 1989 Grand Prix - After a collision with Prost, Senna is controversially disqualified for getting a push start to rejoin the circuit. The 1989 Formula 1 title goes to Prost
November 4, 1989 - Adelaide, Australia - Pole position for the Australian 1989 Grand Prix
November 5, 1989 - Adelaide - Australian 1989 Grand Prix - Senna collides against Martin Brundle
January 10, 1990 - While in São Paulo, Brazil - FISA President Jean-Marie Balestre declares that if Senna did not publicly apologise for suggesting FISA had favoured Prost to win the title, he wouldn't be racing in Formula 1 for 1990. (At the end of 1989, Senna was fined $100,000 and given a 6-month suspended ban)
March 10, 1990 - Phoenix, Arizona - Fifth place on the grid for the US 1990 Grand Prix
March 11, 1990 - Phoenix - Victory at the US 1990 Grand Prix - 21 F1 Victories
March 24, 1990 - Interlagos, São Paulo, Brazil - Pole position for the Brazilian 1990 Grand Prix
March 25, 1990 - Interlagos - Brazilian 1990 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
May 12, 1990 - Imola, Italy - Pole position for the San Marino 1990 Grand Prix
May 13, 1990 - Imola - San Marino 1990 Grand Prix - Senna pulls off with a broken wheel rim
May 26, 1990 - Monaco - Pole position for Monaco 1990 Grand Prix
May 27, 1990 - Monaco - Victory at Monaco 1990 Grand Prix - 22 F1 Victories
June 9, 1990 - Montreal, Quebec - Pole position for the Canadian 1990 Grand Prix
June 10, 1990 - Montreal - Victory at the canadian 1990 Grand Prix - 23 F1 Victories
June 23, 1990 - Mexico City, Mexico - Third place on the grid for the Mexican 1990 Grand Prix
June 24, 1990 - Mexico City - Mexican 1990 Grand Prix - Senna's 100th. His rear tyre
Ayrton Senna, 1990

explodes, forcing him to retire
July 7, 1990 - Le Castellet, near Marseille, France - Third place on the grid for the French 1990 Grand Prix
July 8, 1990 - Le Castellet - French 1990 Grand Prix at Circuit Paul Ricard - Senna finishes 3rd
July 14, 1990 - Silverstone, England - Second place on the grid for the British 1990 Grand Prix
July 15, 1990 - Silverstone - British 1990 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
July 28, 1990 - Hockenheim, Germany - Pole position for the German 1990 Grand Prix
July 29, 1990 - Hockenheim - Victory at the German 1990 Grand Prix - 24 F1 Victories
August 11, 1990 - Mogyoród, Hungary - Fourth place on the grid for the Hungarian 1990 Grand Prix
August 12, 1990 - Mogyoród - Hungarian 1990 Grand Prix at Hungaroring - Senna finishes 2nd
August 25, 1990 - Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium - Pole position for the Belgian 1990 Grand Prix
August 26, 1990 - Spa-Francorchamps - Victory at the Belgian 1990 Grand Prix - 25 F1 victories
September 8, 1990 - Monza, Italy - Pole position for the Italian 1990 Grand Prix
September 9, 1990 - Monza - Victory at the Italian 1990 Grand Prix - 26 F1 Victories
September 22, 1990 - Estoril, Portugal - Third place on the grid for the Portuguese 1990 Grand Prix
September 23, 1990 - Estoril - Portuguese 1990 Grand Prix - Senna finished 2nd
September 28, 1990 - Jerez de la Frontera, Spain - Free training at Jerez. Senna witnesses the most horrific non-fatal accident in Formula 1 history, when Martin Donnelly Lamborghini-powered Lotus is completely destroyed in an accident, leaving his body lying on the track still strapped to the remains of his seat. Miraculously he was still alive and was quickly attended by Sid Watkins, the new head of the Formula 1 on-track medical team
September 29, 1990 - Jerez de la Frontera - Pole position for the Spanish 1990 Grand Prix
September 30, 1990 - Jerez de la Frontera - Spanish 1990 Grand Prix - Senna retires with a failed radiator
October 20, 1990 - Suzuka, Japan - Pole position for the Japanese 1990 Grand Prix
October 21, 1990 - Suzuka - Japanese 1990 Grand Prix - Senna and Prost collide on the first corner
November 3, 1990 - Adelaide, Australia - Pole position for the Australian 1990 Grand Prix
November 4, 1990 - Adelaide - Australian 1990 Grand Prix - Senna crashes due to gearbox problems
February 27, 1991 - Estoril, Portugal - Senna tests the new McLaren MP4/6 for the 1991 Season
March 9, 1991 - Phoenix, Arizona - Pole position for the US 1991 Grand Prix
March 10, 1991 - Phoenix - Victory at the US 1991 Grand Prix - 27 F1 Victories
Ayrton Senna, 1991
March 23, 1991 - Interlagos, São Paulo, Brazil - Pole position for the Brazilian 1991 Grand Prix
March 24, 1991 - Interlagos - Victory at the Brazilian 1991 Grand Prix - 28 F1 Victories
April 27, 1991 - Imola, Italy - Pole position for the San Marino 1991 Grand Prix
April 28, 1991 - Imola - Victory at the San Marino 1991 Grand Prix - 29 F1 Victories
May 11, 1991 - Monaco - Pole position for Monaco 1991 Grand Prix
May 12, 1991 - Monaco - Victory at Monaco 1991 Grand Prix - 30 F1 Victories
June 1, 1991 - Montreal, Quebec - Third on the grid for the Canadian 1991 Grand Prix
June 2, 1991 - Montreal - Canadian 1991 Grand Prix - Senna retires with alternator problems
June 15, 1991 - Mexico City, Mexico - Third place on the grid for the Mexican 1991 Grand Prix
June 16, 1991 - Mexico City - Mexican 1991 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
July 6, 1991 - Magny-Cours, Central France - Third Place on the grid for the French 1991 Grand Prix
July 7, 1991 - Magny-Cours - French 1991 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
July 13, 1991 - Silverstone, England - Second place on the grid for the British 1991 Grand Prix
July 14, 1991 - Silverstone - British 1991 Grand Prix - Senna runs out of fuel and finishes 4th
July 27, 1991 - Hockenheim, Germany - Second place on the grid for the German 1991 Grand Prix
July 28, 1991 - Hockenheim - German 1991 Grand Prix - Senna runs out of fuel again and finishes 7th
August 10, 1991 - Mogyoród, Hungary - Pole position for the Hungarian 1991 Grand Prix
August 11, 1991 - Mogyoród - Victory at the Hungarian 1991 Grand Prix - 31 F1 Victories
August 24, 1991 - Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium - Pole position for the Belgian 1991 Grand Prix
August 25, 1991 - Spa-Francorchamps - Victory at the Belgian 1991 Grand Prix - 32 F1 victories
September 7, 1991 - Monza, Italy - Pole position for the Italian 1991 Grand Prix
September 8, 1991 - Monza - Italian 1991 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
September 21, 1991 - Estoril, Portugal - Third place on the grid for the Portuguese 1991 Grand Prix
September 22, 1991 - Estoril - Portuguese 1991 Grand Prix - Senna finished 2nd
September 28, 1991 - Montmeló, Catalonia, Spain - Third Place on the grid for the Spanish 1991 Grand Prix
September 29, 1991 - Montmeló - Spanish 1991 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 5th
October 19, 1991 - Suzuka, Japan - Second place on the grid for the Japanese 1991 Grand Prix
October 20, 1991 - Suzuka - Japanese 1991 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
November 2, 1991 - Adelaide, Australia - Pole position for the Australian 1991 Grand Prix
November 3, 1991 - Adelaide - Victory at the Australian 1991 Grand Prix - 33 F1 Victories - Ayrton Senna World Champion for the third time
November 5, 1991 - São Paulo, Brazil - Returns to São Paulo and receives the "Key of the City"
February 29, 1992 - Kyalami, South Africa - Second place on the grid for the South African 1992 Grand Prix
March 1, 1992 - Kyalami - South African 1992 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
March 21, 1992 - Mexico City, Mexico - Sixth on the grid for the Mexican 1992 Grand Prix
March 22, 1992 - Mexico City - Mexican 1992 Grand Prix - Senna's transmission breaks
April 4, 1992 - Interlagos, São Paulo, Brazil - Third Place on the grid for the Brazilian 1992 Grand Prix
April 5, 1992 - Interlagos - Brazilian 1992 Grand Prix - Senna retires with engine problems
May 2, 1992 - Montmeló, Catalonia, Spain - Third Place on the grid for the Spanish 1992 Grand Prix
May 3, 1992 - Montmeló - Spanish 1992 Grand Prix - Senna spins off into the wall
May 16, 1992 - Imola, Italy - Third place on the grid for the San Marino 1992 Grand Prix
May 17, 1992 - Imola - San Marino 1992 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
May 30, 1992 - Monaco - Third place on the grid for Monaco 1992 Grand Prix
Senna and Mansell rivalry
Monaco, 1992
May 31, 1992 - Monaco - Victory at Monaco 1992 Grand Prix - 34 F1 Victories
June 13, 1992 - Montreal, Quebec - Pole position for the Canadian 1992 Grand Prix
June 14, 1992 - Montreal - Canadian 1992 Grand Prix - Senna retires with electrical problems
July 4, 1992 - Magny-Cours, Central France - Third place on the grid for the French 1992 Grand Prix
July 5, 1992 - Magny-Cours - French 1992 Grand Prix - Senna is hit by Schumacher's Benetton and forced out of the race
July 11, 1992 - Silverstone, England - Third Place on the grid for the British 1992 Grand Prix
July 12, 1992 - Silverstone - British 1992 Grand Prix - Senna suffers transmission failure
July 25, 1992 - Hockenheim, Germany - Third place on the grid for the German 1992 Grand Prix
July 26, 1992 - Hockenheim - German 1992 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
August 15, 1992 - Mogyoród, Hungary - Third place on the grid for the Hungarian 1992 Grand Prix
August 16, 1992 - Mogyoród - Victory at the Hungarian 1992 Grand Prix - 35 F1 Victories
August 29, 1992 - Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium - Second place on the grid for the Belgian 1992 Grand Prix
August 30, 1992 - Spa-Francorchamps - Belgian 1992 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 5th
September 12, 1992 - Monza, Italy - Second place on the grid for the Italian 1992 Grand Prix
September 13, 1992 - Monza - Victory at the Italian 1992 Grand Prix - 36 F1 Victories
September 26, 1992 - Estoril, Portugal - Third place on the grid for the Portuguese 1992 Grand Prix
September 27, 1992 - Estoril - Portuguese 1992 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 3rd
October 24, 1992 - Suzuka, Japan - Third on the grid for the Japanese 1992 Grand Prix
October 25, 1992 - Suzuka - Japanese 1992 Grand Prix - Senna retires in lap 3 with engine failure
November 7, 1992 - Adelaide, Australia - Second on the grid to the Australian 1992 Grand Prix
November 8, 1992 - Adelaide - Australian 1992 Grand Prix - Senna collides with Nigel Mansell
December 1(?), 1992 - São Paulo, Brazil - Meeting with two-time world champion Emerson Fittipaldi, who persuades Senna to test an IndyCar
December 20, 1992 - Chandler, Arizona - Senna travels to Arizona with Emerson Fittipaldi and visits Firebird International Raceway in Chandler, Arizona, to test a 1992 Penske PC-21 racer
January 27, 1993 - While at Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro - Penske announces Fittipaldi and Tracy as its drivers for 1993
February 10, 1993 - While at Angra dos Reis - McLaren boss Ron Dennis names Michael Andretti and Mika Häkkinen as its drivers for the coming season
March 13, 1993 - Kyalami, South Africa - Second place on the grid for the South African 1993 Grand Prix
March 14, 1993 - Kyalami - South African 1993 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
March 27, 1993 - Interlagos, São Paulo, Brazil - Third Place on the grid for the Brazilian 1993 Grand Prix
March 28, 1993 - Interlagos - Victory at the Brazilian 1993 Grand Prix - 37 F1 Victories
April 10, 1993 - Donington Park, England - Fourth place on the grid for the European 1993 Grand Prix
38 victories! Donington, 1993
April 11, 1993 - Donington Park - 
Victory at the European 1993 Grand Prix - 38 F1 Victories
April 12, 1993 - São Paulo, Brazil - Arrives in São Paulo
April 23, 1993 - Rome, Italy - Arrives in Rome after spending some days with Adriane in Brazil
April 24, 1993 - Imola, Italy - Fourth place on the grid for San Marino 1993 Grand Prix
April 25, 1993 - Imola - San Marino 1993 Grand Prix - Senna has hydraulic failure
May 8, 1993 - Montmeló, Catalonia, Spain - Third place on the grid for the Spanish 1993 Grand Prix
May 9, 1993 - Montmeló - Spanish 1993 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 2nd
May 22, 1993 - Monaco - Fourth place on the grid for Monaco 1993 Grand Prix
May 23, 1993 - Monaco - Victory at Monaco 1993 Grand Prix - 39 F1 Victories
May 26, 1993 - London, England - Departs to Brazil with Adriane
June 12, 1993 - Montreal, Quebec - Eighth place on the grid for the Canadian 1993 Grand Prix
June 13, 1993 - Montreal - Canadian 1993 Grand Prix - Senna retires with electrical problems
July 3, 1993 - Magny-Cours, Central France - Fifth place on the grid for the French 1993 Grand Prix
July 4, 1993 - Magny-Cours - French 1993 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 4th
July 10, 1993 - Silverstone, England - Fourth on the grid for the British 1993 Grand Prix
July 11, 1993 - Silverstone - British 1993 Grand Prix - Senna runs out of fuel and finishes 5th
July 24, 1993 - Hockenheim, Germany - Fourth on the grid for the German 1993 Grand Prix
July 25, 1993 - Hockenheim - German 1993 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 4th
August 14, 1993 - Mogyoród, Hungary - Fourth place on the grid for the Hungarian 1993 Grand Prix
August 15, 1993 - Mogyoród - Hungarian 1993 Grand Prix - Senna has throttle problems
August 28, 1993 - Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium - Fifth place on the grid for the Belgian 1993 Grand Prix
August 29, 1993 - Spa-Francorchamps - Belgian 1993 Grand Prix - Senna finishes 4th
September 3, 1993 - São Paulo, Brazil - Flies to Lisbon, Portugal, to stay at his home near Faro
September 11, 1993 - Monza, Italy - Fourth place on the grid for the Italian 1993 Grand Prix
September 12, 1993 - Monza - Italian 1993 Grand Prix - Senna collides with Martin Brundle
September 25, 1993 - Estoril, Portugal - Fourth place on the grid for the portuguese 1993 Grand Prix
September 26, 1993 - Estoril - Portuguese 1993 Grand Prix - Senna's engine blows up
October 23, 1993 - Suzuka, Japan - Second place on the grid for the Japanese 1993 Grand Prix
October 24, 1993 - Suzuka - Victory at the Japanese 1993 Grand Prix - 40 F1 Victories. After the race, Senna appears at Jordan's garage and punches the rookie Eddie Irvine in the face for twice unlapping himself against Senna. The brazilian says to the irishman: "You're driving like a ****ing idiot! You're not a racing driver, you're a ****ing idiot!”
October 26(?), 1993 - Bora Bora, Tahiti - Senna and Adriane fly to Bora Bora in Tahiti, for a week. After four days Senna falls ill but recovers as they flew to Australia
November 6, 1993 - Adelaide, Australia - Pole position for the Australian 1993 Grand Prix
November 7, 1993 - Adelaide - Victory at the Australian 1993 Grand Prix - 41 F1 Victories. He attends a Tina Turner concert with Adriane, held within the circuit
November 8, 1993 - Sydney, Australia - Two days off in Sydney
November 11, 1993 - São Paulo, Brazil - After two days off in Sydney, they fly back to São Paulo
December 18, 1993 - Bercy, Paris - Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost take part in a charity go-kart race at Bercy
December 19(?), 1993 - London | Berkshire - Secret visit to the Williams factory in Berkshire for a seat fitting
December 25, 1993 - Tatuí, São Paulo - Christmas with family at Tatuí
January 1, 1994 - While at Quinta do Lago, Algarve, Portugal(?) - Moves to Williams-Renault
January 18, 1994 - 20km from Lisbon, Portugal - Cocktail party for the official launch of team Rothmans-Williams with 350 guests
January 19, 1994 - Estoril, Portugal - 
Senna tests a Williams FW15C for the first time
January 20, 1994 - Estoril, Portugal - Senna completes 42 laps in the FW15C
January 24, 1994 - Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro - Senna returns to Brazil
February 22, 1994 - São Paulo, Brazil(?) - Departs to England
February 23, 1994 - Silverstone, England - Testing the new Williams FW16 for the first time, for two days
February 28, 1994 - Le Castellet, near Marseille, France - Testing the new Williams FW16 at Circuit Paul Ricard until March 3rd
March 7, 1994 - Montmeló, Catalonia, Spain - Testing the new Williams FW16 at Barcelona until March 11th
March 9, 1994 - Tamburello corner, Imola, Italy - Discusses safety with Imola circuit director Giorgio Poggi, precisely at the place where he would die in less than 2 months
March 11, 1994 - Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro - Returns to Brazil
March 26, 1994 - Interlagos, São Paulo, Brazil - Pole position for the Brazilian 1994 Grand Prix
March 27, 1994 - Interlagos, São Paulo, Brazil - Brazilian Grand Prix - Senna spins off
April 3, 1994 - São Paulo, Brazil - Senna flies to Japan. He and Adriane see each other for the last time
April 16, 1994 - Aida, Japan - Pole position for the Pacific Grand Prix
April 17, 1994 - Aida, Japan - Pacific Grand Prix - Senna is hit from behind by Mika Häkkinen
April 20, 1994 - Parc des Princes, Paris - Senna takes the ceremonial kick-off at a friendly football match between Brazil and Paris-Saint-Germain
April 21, 1994 - Quinta do Lago, Algarve, Portugal - Senna returns to his house near Faro
April 27, 1994 - Quinta do Lago, Algarve, Portugal | Bologna, Italy - Senna flies to Bologna in his own BAe HS125 jet to hold discussions with Ferrari President Luca di Montezemolo about a a future move to Ferrari Then returns to his dream property at Algarve
April 28, 1994 - Quinta do Lago, Algarve | Faro, Portugal | Munich, Germany | Forli, near Bologna | Padua | Imola, Italy - Senna's brother Leonardo stays with him until the San Marino Grand Prix to persuade him to give up Adriane Galisteu. They fly to Munich from Faro airport. Senna meets with executives from Audi as he had been negotiating to take over the Audi franchise in Brazil. A few hours later they fly to Forli airport near Bologna and take an helicopter to Padua, for a visit to the Carraro bycicle factory, where Senna was signing a contract to manufacture carbon-fibre bicycles and also export them to Brazil. Before the end of the afternoon, they fly to Imola
April 29, 1994 - Imola, Italy - Free training in Imola. Despite being dissatisfied with the direction and configuration of the car, Senna still has the best time. One of the modifications for Imola was a new steering column with a welded extension, so that its position inside the car was more comfortable. Senna visits Rubens Barrichello at the hospital after his terrible accident. Later, he cries on the phone with Adriane, before she boarded the VARIG plane for Lisbon, concerned about the lack of safety on the F1 circuits and the cars, which were difficult to drive.
April 30, 1994 - Imola, Italy - Pole position for the San Marino Grand Prix. Austrian racer Roland Ratzenberger is killed in a car crash. Senna asks to be taken to the place of the accident and examines the Simtek racing car. Returning to the hospital this time to see Ratzenberger, Senna is informed of his death and is deeply affected, crying on Sid Watkins' shoulder(*). He is persuaded not to race by Watkins: "What else do you need to do? You have been world champion three times, you are obviously the quickest driver. Give it up and let's go fishing". Senna replies to him:"Sid, there are certain things over which we have no control. I cannot quit, I have to go on."
(*) - British neurosurgeon and head of Formula 1 medical team
May 1, 1994 - Imola, Italy - San Marino Grand Prix begins. Right at the start, JJ Lehto stalls his Benetton and Pedro Lamy crashes against his rear, leaving a big amount of debris on the track. The safety car is deployed, making the temperature of the tyres drop. Once the debris is cleared, the safety car withdraws and the race restarts on lap 5. 
Senna leads the race, pushing his aerodynamically unstable Williams FW16B to the limit and trying to break free from his pursuer, the rising german talent Michael Schumacher. On lap 6, Senna’s car is seen “bottoming” several times (when sparks come out of the car), specially at Tamburello corner, a high-speed left curve where the track was bumpier and repaved in three places. On the next lap, while turning his car to the left at 307 Km/h (191mph) over the repaved and bumpy curve, the welded steering column breaks. Senna attempts to turn his loose steering wheel twice to the left but the wheels don’t respond. He steps on the brakes as hard as he can and changes gear twice before hitting the concrete at 233 km/h (145 mph).
Unfortunately, the right front wheel and suspension hits Senna in his helmet with extreme violence, and his helmet is punctured in the visor and in the area of his forehead, causing fatal skull fractures, brain injuries and a ruptured temporal artery. Senna is attended by Sid Watkins and his team and is submitted to a tracheotomy on the spot. In a brain-dead condition, and his superhuman heart of usually 44 beats per minute, barely beating, he is taken by helicopter to the Hospital Maggiore in Bologna.
Paramedics find an Austrian flag rolled up inside his car to raise it at the end of the race to honor Ratzenberger. The world holds its breath, but the confirmation of his death comes two hours later. He was 34 years old. =(END)

Saturday, 26 September 2020

Henry Purcell | Timeline

Henry Purcell 
(c. 10 September 1659 – 21 November 1695) was an English composer. Although it incorporated Italian and French stylistic elements, Purcell's was a uniquely English form of Baroque music. He is generally considered to be one of the greatest English composers; no later native-born English composer approached his fame until Edward Elgar, Ralph Vaughan Williams, William Walton and Benjamin Britten in the 20th century. (Intro from Wikipedia)

September 10, 1659 - St.Anne's Lane, Westminster - Henry Purcell is born
February 16, 1661 - Westminster Abbey, London - His father is appointed a singing-man and Master of the Choristers at Westminster Abbey. He introduces his 5-year-old elder son Edward (born in 1655) into the Chapel
April 23, 1661 - Westminster Abbey, London - His father sings at the Coronation of King Charles II
October 1(?), 1662 - Whitehall, London - After the death of Henry Lawes, His father becomes a lutenist of the King's Band of Music and Court Cantor
January(?) 1(?), 1664 - Westminster, London - Daniel Purcell, his brother, is born
August 11, 1664 - Westminster, London - His father, Henry Purcell (senior), dies
January(?) 1(?), 1668 - Whitehall, London - Thomas Purcell, his uncle, uses his influence at Court to get 8-year-old Henry accepted as a choir boy at the Chapel Royal, which was directed by the "Master of the Children" Captain Henry Cooke
January(?) 1(?), 1670 - Whitehall, London - First composition: an ode to the King's birthday
June 13, 1672 - Whitehall, London - Captain Henry Cooke dies
June 24, 1672 - Whitehall, London - His brother Thomas succeeds Captain Henry Cooke in charge of the Chapel Royal and as "Master of the Children"
January(?) 1(?), 1673 - Whitehall, London - His voice breaks and he leaves the choir in the Chapel Royal to become assistant to the organ-builder John Hingston, his godfather: "As a 'late child of his Majesty's Chappell Royall, whose voice is changed, and gon [sic] from the Chappell' he was to be paid .C.30 a year and was at once provided with fine holland, handkerchiefs, a felt hat etc.". Purcell becomes officially a "Keeper, maker, mender, repairer and tuner of the regals, organs, virginals, flutes and recorders and ali other kinds of wind instruments whatsoever"
January(?) 1(?), 1675 - Westminster Abbey, London - Appointed copyist at Westminster Abbey, earning 7 pounds a year (2 to tune the organs and 5 for copying music)
September 1(?), 1677 - Whitehall, London - Promoted to the role of composer for the king's violins =(START)
January(?) 1(?), 1678 - London - Composition of the Anthem: "Lord, who can tell"
January(?) 1(?), 1679 - London - Writes songs for John Playford's "Choice Ayres, Songs and Dialogues"
June(?) 1(?), 1679 - Westminster Abbey, London - John Blow, organist of the Westminster Abbey, resigns his office in favour of Purcell
December 1(?), 1680 - Whitehall, London - Begins getting payed £16 a year for his post of composer for the king's violins (that he accepted in September 1677)
January(?) 1(?), 1681 - London(?) - 23-year-old Henry Purcell marries Frances Peters, a girl with a flemish father
July 14, 1682 - Whitehall, London - Officially admitted to the Gentlemen of the Royal Chapel, replacing the late organist Edward Lowe
July 31, 1682 - London - His brother Thomas Purcell dies
January(?) 1(?), 1683 - London - Purcell inherits John Hingston's post after his death
November 22, 1683 - London - Performance of "Welcome to all the pleasures Z.339" on Saint Cecilia's day
February 16, 1684 - London - "[The commission is granted to repair and tune the court musical instruments] to Henry Purcell in the place of John Hingeston, who died [with 60 pounds a year plus the money necessary to repair and build all kinds of instruments] [...] in the same full and broad manner previously granted to his predecessor the named John Hingeston."
April 23, 1685 - Westminster Abbey, London - Coronation of King James II with Purcell's anthems "My Heart is inditing" and "I was glad"
January(?) 1(?), 1686 - Westminster - Purcell composes the march "Lillibullero" which became very popular during the Glorious Revolution of 1688
November 2, 1686 - Westminster - Letter to the Dean of Exeter
January(?) 1(?), 1687 - Westminster - Provides music for a revival of John Dryden's 1669 tragedy "Tyrannick Love"
July 1(?), 1687 - Westminster, London - Premiere of "Dido and Aeneas", probably before King James II with Rowland Sherman in the audience
December 1, 1687 - London - Performance of the opera "Dido and Aeneas Z.626" at Josias Priest's girls' boarding school at Chelsea
January 1(?), 1688 - Westminster - Composes the anthem "Blessed are they that fear the Lord" for the King
February 15, 1689 - While in Westminster - Rowland Sherman, an apprentice-trader, writes a letter from Aleppo, Syria, to a merchant in London. Sherman, also a music lover, brought an harpsichord with him to Aleppo, and asks in the letter for a complete "account of musical compositions and performances in the town", including harpsichord transcriptions of Purcell's "Dido and Aeneas"
September 5(?), 1689 - Westminster, London - His son Edward is born
September 6, 1689 - Westminster, London - Baptism of his son Edward
April 30, 1690 - Whitehall, London - Composes a setting of the birthday ode for Queen Mary, "Arise, my muse"
May 30(?), 1690 - London - Premiere of the opera "Dioclesian"
May 30(?), 1691 - London - Premiere of the opera "King Arthur, Z.628"
June 4, 1691 - London - The London Gazette advertises "King Arthur" from 4 to 8 June
May 2, 1692 - London - Premiere of "The Fairy-Queen" at the Queen's Theatre, Dorset Garden
September 22, 1692 - London - First performance of "Hail! Bright Cecilia", organized by the Musical society of London
April 30, 1694 - Whitehall, London - Composes a setting of the birthday ode for Queen Mary, "Come Ye Sons of Art"
December 28, 1694 - Whitehall, London - Queen Mary II dies of smallpox. Her embalmed body lay in state in Banqueting House, Whitehall. Purcell begins composing music for her funeral
March 5, 1695 - Westminster Abbey, London - Queen Mary's funeral. Purcell's "Funeral Sentences" and "Music for the Funeral of Queen Mary" are performed.
June 1(?), 1695 - London - Performance of "The Indian Queen Z.630" (Prologue and Acts II and III)
November 21, 1695 - Dean's Yard, Westminster - Very sick, probably with tuberculosis, Henry Purcell signs his Last Will and Testament. Hours later, he dies, aged 36 =(END)

Wednesday, 9 September 2020

Nero | Timeline

Nero
(courtesy of Daniel Voshart | voshart.com)
Nero
(Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; 15 December 37 – 9 June 68 AD) was the fifth Roman emperor, ruling from 54 to 68. His infamous reign is usually associated with tyranny, extravagance and debauchery. Nero, originally named Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, belonged to the Julio-Claudian dynasty, and was adopted as heir by the emperor Claudius, his great-uncle and stepfather. Nero succeeded Claudius while not yet aged 17, and his mother, Agrippina, tried to dominate his early life and decisions, but Nero cast her off and had her killed five years into his reign. (Intro from Wikipedia)

December 15, 37 - Antium (Anzio, Italy) - Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus is born
January 1(?), 41 - Pyrgi (Santa Severa, Lazio) - His father, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, dies at Pyrgi
March(?) 1(?), 41 - While at Pyrgi(?) - Shortly after his accession in 41, the emperor Claudius asked Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus to divorce his wife, and marry Agrippina
January 1, 49 - Rome - Emperor Claudius marries his niece Agrippina the Younger (approximate date) and most of the real power falls to Agrippina.
June(?) 1(?), 49 - Rome - Nero becomes engaged to Claudia Octavia, daughter of Claudius. Seneca the Younger becomes his tutor
February 25, 50 - Rome - Lucius Domitius becomes, by law of the Roman People, Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar (or Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus)
January(?) 1(?), 51 - Rome - 13-year-old Nero assumes the "toga virilis", a year before minimum age - a public triumph over Britannicus
March 4, 51 - Rome - Nero is elected for Consul (to enter office when he would be 19)
June 9, 53 - Rome - Claudius adopts Nero as his son and accepts him as his successor, to the detriment of Britannicus, his son by his first wife, Valeria Messalina. Nero marries his Claudius' 14-year-old daughter Claudia Octavia.
October 13, 54 - Rome - Emperor Claudius dies, possibly after being poisoned by Agrippina, his wife and niece. 16-year-old Nero succeeds Claudius as Emperor adopting the name "Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus" =(START)
October 15(?), 54 - Rome - Immediately after his accession as emperor, Nero summons the leading citharode of the age and begins studying with him
December 1, 54 - Rome - Coins are issued on which the heads of Agrippina and Nero were shown facing each other and Agrippina’s titles appeared on the obverse, Nero’s being relegated to the reverse
December 17, 54 - Rome - Saturnalia of 54 (celebrating the Winter Solstice). In a role-playing game, Nero commands Britannicus to sing an extemporaneous song. Britannicus turns the laugh on Nero by hinting on his song that he had been expelled from his father's throne. Nero, who was worried about Agrippina's support for Britannicus, decides right there to get rid of him
January 1, 55 - Rome - Emperor Nero becomes Consul
February 11, 55 - Rome - Power struggle between Agrippina and her son Nero begins. Agrippina threatens Nero into submission by supporting Britannicus as the rightful heir to Claudius' throne, underestimating his son's response. The night before the coming of age of Britannicus, his 14th birthday, Nero has him poisoned at the children's table
June(?) 1(?), 56 - Rome - Roman coins still feature Agrippina’s head on the obverse, though now the two heads are parallel, with Nero’s in front and the position of the titles reversed
January 1, 56 - Rome - From 56, roman coins show only a portrait of Nero
January(?) 1(?), 57 - Rome - Agrippina is expelled from the Palace and goes to live in a estate in Misenum
January 1, 58 - Rome - Emperor Nero and Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus become Roman consuls.
December 21, 58 - Rome - Nero performs a piece called "Attis" or "The Bacchants" at the Juvenalia (or Ludi Juvenales) - scenic games instituted in commemoration of his shaving of beard for the first time, representing that 21-year-old Nero was now a man. The games were celebrated during the Winter Solstice of the Northern Hemisphere
January 1, 59 - Rome - In the end of 58 or beginning of 59, in a last attempt to grasp to power, Agrippina reportedly offers herself to her own son. Nero stops seeing her in private and she withraws to her estates
March 23, 59 - Misenum (Miseno, near Naples) - Encouraged by his mistress Poppaea, Nero orders the murder of his mother Agrippina the Younger, aged 43. He tries to kill her through a planned shipwreck, but when she survives, he has her executed and frames it as a suicide.
March 30(?), 59 - Baiae, Bay of Naples - Nero celebrates the festival of Minerva at Baiae
April 5, 59 - While at Baiae - The Arval Brothers (a priestly college composed of senators) sacrifice for the "safety" of Nero
June 20(?), 59 - Rome - Three months after Agrippina's death, Nero returns to a rapturous public welcome in Rome. He invites the people of Rome to watch him race chariots in the Vatican Gardens
June 23, 59 - Rome - The Arval Brothers again sacrifice for the "safety" of Nero and his return from Baiae
January(?) 1(?), 60 - Rome - Nero institutes a quinquennial festival in greek style which he called "Neronia", including chariot-racing, athletics, music and recitations
June 8, 62 - While in Rome - Claudia Octavia, aged 22, is forced to commit suicide at Pandateria (Ventotene Island) by orders of Nero
January 21, 63 - Antium (Anzio, Italy) - Daughter Claudia Augusta is born
May(?) 1(?), 63 - Rome - His daughter Claudia Augusta dies after 4 months
January(?) 1(?), 64 - Rome - Nero races chariots in public for the first time
June(?) 1(?), 64 - Rome(?) - Nero marries a freedman named Pythagoras (Spring or Early Summer). He dresses as the bride
July 18, 64 - Antium (Anzio, Italy) - Great Fire of Rome: Fire breaks out in the merchant area of Rome and soon spreads to the wooden structures of the city out of control. While at Antium, Nero sees the blaze in the horizon in the direction of Rome and rushes to the Capital
July 19, 64 - Rome - Nero runs about the city during the first night without escort, directing efforts to quell the blaze and relieve the suffering of the people. He reduces the price of grain, and opens the Campus martius and his own gardens to the romans, providing supplies and temporary shelters. Unfortunately, right then, a rumour arises accusing him of ordering the torching of the city and standing on the summit of the Palatine, playing the lyre while Rome burns.
August(?) 1(?), 64 - Rome - After the fire of Rome, Nero proposes a new urban planning program based on the creation of buildings decorated with ornate porticos, the widening of the streets and the use of open spaces. He holds a private "spectaculum" in his gardens at which the Christians convicted of burning the city were executed in various dramatic ways
January(?) 1(?), 65 - Rome - Nero participates in the second "Neronia" as a competitor in oratory. The public demands to hear the "divine voice" and goes wild when Nero sings
April 19, 65 - Rome - A conspiracy to murder Nero in the Circus Maximus is uncovered when freedman Milichus betrays his master, tribune Flavius Scaevinus, and all the other conspirators. Of the 32 people involved in the conspiracy, 13 are exiled and 19 are executed or forced to commit suicide, including the leader, Senator Gaius Calpurnius Piso.
June 5(?), 65 - Rome - In the early Summer of 65, Poppaea Sabina, the love of his life, dies during a miscarriage, aged 34/35, reportedly from Nero kicking her stomach in a fit of anger
March(?) 1(?), 66 - Rome - Nero marries Statilia Messalina (in the first half of 66)
May(?) 1(?), 66 - Neapolis (Polignano a Mare, SE of Bari) - Nero meets Tiridates, King of Armenia, and both depart to Rome together
May 10(?), 66 - On his way to Rome - Insurrections erupt in Judaea
May 25(?), 66 - Rome - Nero receives the homage of Tiridates in the forum and crowns him King of Armenia. The Theater of Pompey is all painted with gold and at the center of the stage, Nero appears in his "chariot of the Sun"
July(?) 1(?), 66 - Rome - Nero marries Sporus, a freedman with remarkable resemblance to Poppaea. He has him castrated and makes him appear in public as his wife
August 15(?), 66 - Rome - Nero departs to Greece to throw himself into the festival circuit as a competitor in playing the lyre, acting in tragedies and racing chariots. His entourage includes future emperor Vespasian, Tigellinus, Sporus, Pythagoras and his wife Statilia Messalina
September(?) 1(?), 66 - Brundisium (Brindisi, SE Italy) - Nero and his entourage sail to Greece
September(?) 4(?), 66 - Corcyra (Corfu, Greece) - Arrival in Corcyra after 3 days
September 22, 66 - Nicopolis, Greece(?) - Emperor Nero creates the Legio I Italica. He appoints Titus Flavius Vespasian legate of the army of Judea, which gives him command of three legions — V Macedonica, X Fretensis and XV Apollinaris
October 1(?), 66 - Nicopolis, Greece - Takes part in the Actian Games, in competitions of Drama and Music
October(?) 15(?), 66 - Patras, Greece - Nero lands in Patras
November(?) 1(?), 66 - Olympia, Greece - Participates in Olympic games racing chariots. In a race of 4-horse chariots, Nero uses a 10-horse chariot and is almost killed in an accident. The jury decides to award him the laurels anyway
April 1(?), 67 - While at Isthmia(?) - Vespasian lands at Ptolemais to subjugate Galilee with legions X Fretensis and V Macedonica. There he is joined by his son Titus (also a future Emperor), who arrives from Alexandria with Legion XV Apollinaris
June 3, 67 - While at Isthmia(?) - Vespasian lays siege to Yodfat in Galilee
July 20, 67 - While at Isthmia(?) - Yodfat falls after a siege of 47 days. Vespasian's son and future emperor Titus and a group of romans scale the walls of the city, kill the watchmen and open the gates to the entire roman army
August 15(?), 67 - Isthmus of Corinth - Nero initiates the project of digging a canal through the Isthmus of Corinth. He personally breaks the ground with a pickaxe and removes the first basket-load of soil. The workforce for the enterprise, consisted of 6,000 jewish prisoners of war
October 12, 67 - While in Corinth - Vespasian lays siege to Gamla, on the Golan Heights
November 5(?), 67 - Corinth, Greece - Nero arrives at Corinth
November 28, 67 - Corinth, Greece - Nero speaks to an assembly of greeks, proclaiming their freedom: "I bestow upon you, men of Hellas, a gift such as you never hoped for, even though my generosity knows no bounds, a gift so great that it never occurred to you to ask for it. All Greeks living in Achaea and what until now has been known as the Peloponnesus, receive your liberty and freedom from taxation, a freedom which you never had even in your most glorious days, for you were subject either to foreigners or to one another. Would that I could have conferred this boon when Hellas was in her prime, that greater numbers might enjoy this favor ; and for that reason I find fault with the age, in that it already has minimized the extent of my grant. And now I bestow this boon not from pity, but from good will, and I am requiting your gods, whose constant care for me I have experienced both by land and by sea, that they have granted to me to confer such benefits. Other princes have given cities their freedom ; Nero alone has set free an entire province."
December 1(?), 67 - While crossing the Adriatic Sea(?) - The Governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, Gaius Julius Vindex, appeals in writing to other province governors to denounce Nero's tax policies and excesses, with the objective of overthrowing him
December(?) 5(?), 67 - Brundisium (Brindisi, SE Italy) - Nero returns to Italy
December(?) 10(?), 67 - Naples - Nero enters in Naples driving white horses
December(?) 12(?), 67 - Antium (Anzio, Italy) - Passes through Antium on his way to Rome
December(?) 20(?), 67 - Rome - Returns to Rome and celebrates a Triumph, dressed as greek
January 1, 68 - Rome - New Year ceremonies. Sporus presents Nero with a ring with a gemstone depicting the Rape of Proserpina (taken as an omen of his fall)
March 15, 68 - While in Naples - Without answers from other province governors, Gaius Julius Vindex, decides to rebel alone against Nero's tax policies and excesses. It is the first in a series of revolts that would lead to the young emperor's downfall
March 24, 68 - Naples, Italy - Nero is informed that Gaius Julius Vindex, governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, had rebelled
April 1(?), 68 - While in Naples - As Vindex continues to insult Nero with his edicts, the emperor decides to offer a 10-million sesterces reward for the head of Vindex
April 15(?), 68 - Rome - Nero returns to Rome to address the Vindex situation. Considering it, however, a minor matter, Nero summons the senators for consultation, but instead of asking them about the rebellion, he gives them a lecture about the sound of water-organs: "I have discovered how to make the water-organ produce a larger and more tuneful sound".
April 20(?), 68 - Rome - The Hispanic provinces also rebel against Nero, led by the governor of Tarraconensis, Sevius Sulpicius Galba (future emperor). The emperor faints when he hears the news
May(?) 1(?), 68 - Rome - Nero dismisses both consuls from office and takes the consulship for himself alone. After a banquet he announces that he would go to Gaul and appear unarmed and weeping before Galba's army. After winning the hearts and minds of the legionnaires, he would sing songs of victory composed on the spot.
May(?) 5(?), 68 - Rome - Nero selects the theatrical props and water-organs to be transported in wagons for his performance before the army in Gaul. He has his accompanying concubines armed with axes and shields and given masculine haircuts like Amazons
May 31, 68 - Rome - Nero receives the news that more roman armies had defected, including his own forces in Northern Italy. He moves to a suburban property and takes poison with him. At the same time, he dispatches one of his freedmen to Ostia to prepare a fleet for his flight. There, the praetorians refuse to follow him
June 1, 68 - Outskirts of Rome - Nero awakes the next morning with just four freedmen. All the guards had fled, even taking with them the box of poison. For a while he runs to the Tiber considering drowning himself
June 2, 68 - North outskirts of Rome - Nero and the four freedmen move to a villa north of Rome. Feeling cornered by the praetorians, Nero is advised by his companions to commit suicide to avoid public humiliation or an execution at the Tarpeian Rock. They open a grave in the ground and pick some pieces of marble to decorate it. As they finish, the fallen emperor weeps and reportedly says "Qualis artifex pereo" (As an artisan I perish!)"(*)

(*) Often we read about Nero's alleged last words as "Qualis Artifex pereo", supposedly meaning "what an artist dies in me". Latin-language speakers, specially portuguese language speakers easily translate the expression more precisely as: "As an artisan I perish"

June 8, 68 - While north of Rome - Nymphidius Sabinus, an imperial official, falsely announces to the Praetorian Guard that Nero had fled to Egypt, and the Senate proclaimed Galba emperor
June 9, 68 - North outskirts of Rome - Nero receives an incorrect report that the Senate had declared him a public enemy and that it was their intention to execute him in the ancestral manner - to be led naked through the streets with his neck in a yoke, then beaten to death with rods. His body thrown from the Tarpeian rock (southern summit of the Capitoline Hill, often used for executions). Horrified and feeling cornered by the praetorians, he prepares to commit suicide, reportedly saying a line from the Iliad: "The Thunder is beating against my ears of fast-running horses". With the assistance of his private secretary, Epaphroditos, Nero trusts a sword in his throat, aged 30. A praetorian rushes in and unsuccessfully attempts to stop the bleeding as Nero speaks his final words: "Too late! This is loyalty!" =(END)

~As always, the timelines on this blog are subject to constant improvements and open to contributions from readers. To build these timelines from the Antiquity, it was necessary to dive into the detailed lives of many secondary personalities - 17 for Julius Caesar alone - to allow a more complete idea of each personality and the world around them, and even then it is not enough. There are gaps that will be filled when the time comes to dive into the lives and times of Sulla, Pompey, Mark Antony, Agrippina, Vespasian and others. L.M.C.~

Tuesday, 8 September 2020

Caligula | Timeline

Caligula
(courtesy of Daniel Voshart | voshart.com)
Caligula (31 August 12 – 24 January 41), formally known as Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, was the third Roman emperor, ruling from AD 37 to 41. The son of the popular Roman general Germanicus and Augustus's granddaughter Agrippina the Elder, Caligula was born into the first ruling family of the Roman Empire, conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Germanicus's uncle and adoptive father, Tiberius, succeeded Augustus as emperor of Rome in AD 14. (Intro from Wikipedia)

August 31, 12 - Antium (Anzio, Italy) - Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus is born
May 18, 14 - Rome - Caesar Augustus sends 2-year-old Gaius Julius Caesar (Caligula) to his father in Germania
May(?) 20(?), 17 - Rome - General Germanicus Julius Caesar, his father, returns to Rome with his family after a victorious campaign in Germania
May 26, 17 - Rome - Germanicus celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Germans
January 18, 18 - Nicopolis, near Actium, Greece - Germanicus arrives at Nicopolis near the site of the Battle of Actium. He takes up his second consulship there
February(?) 1(?), 18 - Assos (Turkey, N. of Lesbos Island) - 5-year-old Caligula delivers a speech in Assos
December(?) 1(?), 18 - Cyrrhus (Syria-Turkey Border) - Spends winter in the winter quarters of Legion X "Fretensis"
January 1(?), 19 - Alexandria, Egypt - Germanicus arrives in Egypt without asking for Tiberius' permission
July(?) 1(?), 19 - Syria - Germanicus returns to Syria in the Summer
October 10, 19 - Antioch, Syria (near Antakya, Turkey) - Germanicus dies at 33 after being poisoned by an agent of Tiberius
November(?) 1(?), 19 - Brundisium (Brindisi, SE Italy) - Agrippina the Elder lands at Brundisium with her husband's ashes
December(?) 1(?), 19 - Rome - Agrippina reaches Rome. Germanicus' ashes are interred at the Mausoleum of Augustus
January(?) 1(?), 27 - Rome - Agrippina (his mother) and his older brother are placed under arrest
December(?) 1(?), 27 - Rome - moves to Livia's house on the Palatine
January(?) 1(?), 29 - Rome - Agrippina the Elder is exiled to the island of Pandataria, and her sons (except Caligula) are imprisoned by Lucius Aelius Sejanus
May(?) 30(?), 29 - Rome - Livia dies. Caligula and his sisters move to the house of their grandmother Antonia Minor
January(?) 1(?), 30 - While in Rome - His brother Drusus Caesar is imprisoned on charges of treason and his brother Nero dies from stravation or suicide on Ponza Island
October(?) 1(?), 31 - Island of Capri - Caligula is spared by Tiberius and sent to the personal care of the Emperor on Capri =(START)
October 18, 31 - While in Capri - Lucius Aelius Sejanus is executed, aged 50
January(?) 1(?), 33 - Island of Capri - 20-year-old Caligula is appointed quaestor
October 18, 33 - While in Capri - His mother Agrippina the Elder dies by starvation on Pandataria (Ventotene) Island
January(?) 1(?), 34 - Island of Capri - Naevius Sutorius Macro gains favour in the Roman Empire by prostituting his wife Ennia Thrasylla to Caligula.
January(?) 1(?), 35 - Island of Capri - Emperor Tiberius writes his Last Will and Testament - Caligula and Gemellus receive equal shares of his inheritance
January(?) 1(?), 36 - Island of Capri - Herod Agrippa, King of Judea, arrives in Capri
March 16, 37 - Misenum (Miseno, near Naples) - Emperor Tiberius dies. The Praetorian Guard in Misenum proclaims Caligula "Imperator"
March 18, 37 - Misenum - Caligula departs to Rome, accompanying Tiberius's body. At the Senate in Rome, Tiberius's Last Will and testament is considered invalid on the grounds that he had been of unsound mind when he signed it. Caligula is recognized as emperor in absentia
March 28, 37 - Rome - Caligula arrives in Rome as Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, roman Emperor
May 1, 37 - Rome - Tired of Caligula's behavior and criticisms, his grandmother, Antonia Minor, commits suicide (some say she was poisoned), aged 72
July 1, 37 - Rome - Caligula assumes his first consulship with his uncle and future emperor Claudius as co-consul
September 22(?), 37 - Rome - Caligula falls gravely ill
October 30(?), 37 - Rome - Caligula recovers
December(?) 1(?), 37 - Rome - Caligula accuses Gemellus of plotting against him, and orders him to commit suicide. The Death of Gemellus weakens Praetorian tribunes Macro and Silanus, who had become close to Gemellus when it was thought that Caligula wouldn't survive
January(?) 1(?), 38 - Rome - With the intention of having Macro executed, Caligula appoints him prefect of Egypt and replaces him with two praetorian prefects. Before he and his family embarks to Egypt, he is charged with crimes and executed (or forced to commit suicide)
January(?) 10(?), 38 - Rome - Quintus Naevius Cordus Sutorius Macro commits suicide, aged 57/58
February(?) 1(?), 38 - Rome - Silanus realizes it would be only a question of time to be charged with crimes aswell and commits suicide
March(?) 1(?), 38 - Rome - Apion heads a deputation to Emperor Caligula, to complain about the Jews in Alexandria.
June 10, 38 - Rome - His sister Drusilla dies of fever, aged 21. After her death he is said to have gone insane
June 15(?), 38 - Alban Hills, SE of Rome - Caligula withraws to his country estate in the Alban Hills and wanders through the region, letting his hair and beard grow during the unbearable pain he felt after Drusilla's death
July(?) 15(?), 38 - near Rhegium (Reggio Calabria, SW tip of Italy) - Caligula departs to Sicily. At Rhegium, he begins construction of a large port terminal with granaries , so that ships arriving from Egypt could unload their cargoes of grain there
July(?) 30(?), 38 - Syracuse, Sicily - Visit to the city of Syracuse. Caligula sponsors games in honor of Drusilla, and has repairs made to the walls and temples of the city
August 1(?), 38 - While in Syracuse - Herod Agrippa, king of Judea, arrives in Alexandria as pogroms against the jews were happening there
August(?) 15(?), 38 - Messina, Sicily - Caligula departs to Rome ahead of schedule when Mount Etna threatened to erupt
September(?) 1(?), 38 - Rome - Returns to Rome and begins the contruction of two new aqueducts to bring water to Rome from Tibur (Tivoli)
September 23, 38 - Rome - Consecration of Drusilla
October 1(?), 38 - Rome - Caligula marries Lollia Paulina
October 21, 38 - Rome - Caligula joins the Praetorian guards in putting out a fire in the Aemilian district in Rome. Flaccus is arrested and banished
January 1, 39 - Rome - Caligula and Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo become Roman consuls
January 30, 39 - Rome - Caligula resigns from consulship after just 30 days
February(?) 1(?), 39 - Rome - Caligula denounces the Senate
March(?) 1(?), 39 - Rome - Tigellinus, minister and favorite of the later Roman emperor Nero, is banished for adultery with Caligula's sister Agrippina and possibly Julia Livilla too
April(?) 1(?), 39 - While in Rome - Agrippa I, king of Judaea, successfully accuses Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, of conspiracy against Caligula. Antipas is exiled and Agrippa receives his territory.
May(?) 1(?), 39 - Rome - Caligula takes Milonia Caesonia, a pregnant woman, mother of 3, as his new bride 
June(?) 1(?), 39 - Rome - Milonia Caesonia's daughter, Julia Drusilla, is born. Caligula adopts her as his own and marries her mother
July(?) 1(?), 39(?) - While in Campania - Caligula orders that a statue of himself be placed in the Temple in Jerusalem. The governor of Syria, Publius Petronius, who is responsible for erecting the statue, faces mass demonstrations by Jews of the region and manages to delay construction of the statue until the death of Caligula in AD 41.
September 1, 39 - Rome - Celebrations of the anniversary of the Battle of Actium
September 3, 39 - Rome - Caligula removes the Consuls from office
September 6(?), 39 - Rome - Caligula departs to Moguntiacum (Mainz), Germania, with his sisters and Lepidus
September 10(?), 39 - Mevania (Bevagna, S. of Perugia, Italy) - Legio XV Primigenia and XXII Primigenia are levied by Caligula for the German frontier
October(?) 5(?), 39 - Moguntiacum (Mainz, Germany) - Caligula reaches Moguntiacum. A plot agains his life (led by Cassius Chaerea) is discovered. He exiles his sisters to the Pontine Islands and has both Gaetulicus and Lepidus executed
October 27, 39 - While in Moguntiacum(?) - The senators in Rome perform a sacrifice to offer thanks that "the nefarious plans of Gnaeus Lentulus Gaetulicus against Gaius Germanicus (Caligula) were detected"
November 5(?), 39 - Moguntiacum - In the beginning of November, the season alone made a military campaign on the right bank of the Rhine unfeasible. Also, the legions stationed there were in poor shape and uncapable of carrying out fast-paced operations. Caligula decides to reorganize the units there and discharge many centurions on the grounds of age and poor physical condition. Caligula appoints the disciplinatian (and future emperor) Galba to command the Rhine army
December(?) 1(?), 39 - Lugdunum (Lyon, France) - Winter of 39/40 at Lugdunum
January 1, 40 - While at Lugdunum - Caligula enters his third consulship without co-consul
January 12, 40 - While at Durocortorum (Reims, France)(?) - A message from Caligula reaches the Senate informing that he was resigning from the consulate - (speculative place and date: To reach Valkenburg from Lyon, he probably passed through Reims, an important roman settlement at the time)
February(?) 1(?), 40 - Valkenburg, NW of Leiden, Netherlands - Caligula joins the armies in the Rhine. It is known he was at Valkenburg (Netherlands) since a wine barrel from his personal vineyards was found during excavations
March(?) 1(?), 40 - Gesoriacum (later Bononia / Boulogne-sur-Mer) - Caligula reaches Gesoriacum, preparing an invasion of Britain, for a quick victory that couldn't get in Germania. However, probably facing a mutiny of the same legions that mutinied after Augustus' death, he determines massacre the entire two legions, or at least decimate them. However, he is advised not to order it. In the end, Caligula issues orders "to make war in earnest; drawing up his army on the shore of the ocean, with his ballistas and other machines of war, and, while no one could imagine what he intended to do, on a sudden commanded them to gather up sea shells and fill their helmets and the folds of their dresses with them, calling them 'the spoils of the ocean due to the Capitol and the Palatium.' As a monument of his success, he raised a lofty tower, upon which, as at Pharos, he ordered lights to be burnt in the night time for the guidance of ships at sea" (Suetonius). He also distributes 400 sesterces to each soldier and tells them to "go your way happy; go your way rich". (probably a way to make them feel disgraced for their cowardice)
March 25, 40 - Gesoriacum - Caligula departs swiftly to Rome after receiving news of new threats against him from aristocratic circles
May(?) 5(?), 40 - Lugdunum (Lyon, France) - Probably passing through Lugdunum on his swift return to Rome
May 30(?), 40 - Vicinity of Rome - Caligula reaches the shrine of the Arval Brethren in the vicinity of Rome. First meeting with an embassy of Alexandrian Jews, led by Philo
July(?) 1(?), 40 - Baiae | Puteoli, Bay of Naples - Caligula orders a floating bridge to be built using ships as pontoons, stretching for two miles from Baiae to the neighboring port of Puteoli. With earth piled on top of the ships, the road was as solid as the Via Appia. Caligula puts on the breastplate of Alexander the Great (which had been taken from his grave) and wears a purple cloak and a crown of leaves in his head. He then crosses the bridge in front of his soldiers. The impact is greater than a Triumph in Rome. It was said that Caligula wanted to outdo the persian rulers Darius and Xerxes (who had crossed the Bosporus and the Hellespont on bridges of ships in 513 and 480 B.C.), and inspire fear on the britons and germanic peoples
August 31, 40 - Rome - Returns to Rome and is greeted with an ovation. During the next months he persecutes relentlessly the roman aristocracy, in his eyes guilty of all attempts on his life - forcing them to submit to him, exploiting them financially, humiliating them in personal relations, and exposing them to public ridicule. Caligula also reforms the "principatus" into a Hellenistic Autocracy. He distributes honors carelessly, declares himself a god and orders that all the heads of the Greek deity statues be replaced by his. In one of his famous moves to humiliate the Senate and the roman aristocracy, he appoints his race horse, Incitatus, a consul.
(One suggestion is that the treatment of Incitatus by Caligula was an elaborate prank, intended to ridicule and provoke the senate, rather than a sign of insanity, or perhaps a form of satire, with the implication that a horse could perform a senator's duties - wikipedia)
October(?) 1(?), 40 - Rome - New taxes are imposed in Rome. Caligula meets with the Alexandrian deputation again
December(?) 1(?), 40 - Rome - Several aristocrats are executed following another conspiracy against Caligula
January 1, 41 - Rome - Caligula shares consulship with Quintus Pomponius Secundus, a man who kissed his feet at a banquet
January 15(?), 41 - Rome - Caligula finishes plans to move his residence and the imperial capital to Antium, and afterwards to Alexandria, a city that fascinated him (probably by influence of his servant Helicon, born there). His departure to Alexandria was scheduled to January 25th
January 21, 41 - Palatine Hill, Rome - Theatrical performances begin in honor of Augustus, scheduled for January 21st to 24th
January 24, 41 - Palatine Hill, Rome - Caligula Arrives for the last day of Theatrical performances. He performs an animal sacrifice in honor of Augustus and takes his own seat, giving orders for expensive sweets to be thrown to the spectators. On that day, the programme was the Tragedy of Cinyras and Myrrha and a pantomine in which the leader of a band of robbers is nailed to a cross. While withrawing to the Palace, Caligula is assassinated at a side passage by two tribunes of the Praetorian Guard, Cassius Chaerea and Cornelius Sabinus, with assistance of a number of centurions, aged 28. His wife Milonia Caesonia and 1-year-old daughter Julia Drusilla are murdered hours later =(END)

~~As always, the timelines on this blog are subject to constant improvements and open to contributions from readers. To build these timelines from the Antiquity, it was necessary to dive into the detailed lives of many secondary personalities - 17 for Julius Caesar alone - to allow a more complete idea of each personality and the world around them, and even then it is not enough. There are gaps that will be filled when the time comes to dive into the lives and times of Sulla, Pompey, Mark Antony, Agrippina, Vespasian and others. L.M.C.~