Muhammad | Timeline

Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbdul-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim (570 CE – 8 June 632 CE), commonly known as Muhammad, is believed to be the seal of the Messengers and Prophets of God in all the main branches of Islam. Muslims believe that the Quran, the central religious text of Islam, was revealed to Muhammad by God, and that Muhammad was sent to restore Islam, (which they believe did not originate with Muhammad but is the true unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets). The religious, social, and political tenets that Muhammad established with the Quran became the foundation of Islam and the Muslim world. (Intro from Wikipedia)

June 2, 570 - Mecca, Arabia - Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh is born into a respected Qurashi family of Mecca. Muhammad's father died during a mercantile expedition to Syria before he was even born. His mother Amna bint Wahb sends the baby to live in the desert with Halima, a milk mother of the Banu Sa'ad Clan, a neigboring Bedouin tribe

January(?) 1(?), 576 - Yathrib (Medina, Arabia) - Muhammad is reunited with his mother. Amna and his son visit Medina

January(?) 1(?), 577 - Al-Abwa, Arabia - His mother falls ill and dies. Muhammad is taken by his paternal grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib Shaybah ibn Hashim

January(?) 1(?), 578 - Mecca, Arabia - Abd al-Muttalib dies in Mecca, aged 80/81

January(?) 1(?), 582 - Syria - Muhammad accompanies his uncle Abu Talib in a mercantile journey to Syria, and begins learning about commerce

January(?) 1(?), 595 - Mecca(?) - Muhammad is employed as the caretaker of the mercantile activities of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, a distinguished Quraysh lady

January(?) 1(?), 595 - Mecca(?) - 25-year-old Muhammad marries 40-year-old Khadijah

January(?) 1(?), 605 - Mecca - Daughter Fatimah is born

August 10, 610 - Jabal al-Nour, near Mecca - Muhammad receives his first verbal revelation in the cave called Hira =(START)

January(?) 1(?), 613 - Mecca - Muhammad begins spreading the message of Islam publicly to all Meccans

November 22, 619 - Mecca - His wife Khadijah dies, aged 63/64

January(?) 1(?), 622 - Yathrib (Medina, Arabia) - Muḥammad and his followers migrate to Medina

January(?) 1(?), 623 - Yathrib - Muhammad, then 53, marries Aisha bin Abu Bakr

August 30, 623 - Waddan, Arabia - The Muslims sign a pact of friendship with the Banu Damrah clan of the Banu Kinanah tribe

October 30(?), 623 - Buwat, Arabia - Muhammad leads 200 men to Bawat, on the caravan route of the Quraysh

December 1(?), 623 - Dhu Al-Ushairah, Arabia - Muhammad and his men arrive late to Dhu Al-Ushairah and fail to ambush a Meccan caravan heading towards Syria

December 9, 623 - Dhu Al-Ushairah(?) - Sets out to Badr with 317 men to intercept a caravan from Syria to Mecca

March 13, 624 - Badr, Hejaz, Arabia - Battle of Badr - Decisive victory for the muslims of Medina

April 1(?), 624 - Yathrib (Medina, Arabia) - Expedition against the jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa

May 1(?), 624 - Qarqarat Al-Kudr, near Khaybar - Al Kudr invasion - Muhammad launches a pre-emptive strike against the tribe of Banu Saleem at Qarqarat Al-Kudr, a watering place. The Banu Saleem flee, leaving behind 500 camels which Muhammed captures and distributes between his followers

September 1(?), 624 - Dhi Amr - Muhammad and his 450 followers go after the Banu Thalabah and Banu Muharib tribes

November 1(?), 624 - Buhran, Hijaz - Muhammad takes 300 men against the Banu Sulaym at Buhran, but the Banu Sulaym flee

March 23, 625 - Valley by Mount Uhud, N. of Medina - Battle of Uhud, between the Quraysh of Mecca and the Muslims of Medina - Stalemate

March 24, 625 - Hamra al-Asad - Battle of Hamra al-Assad - Muhammad pursuits and defeats the Quraysh army

August 1(?), 625 - Medina, Arabia - Muhammad banishes the jewish tribe Banu Nadir from Medina

April 1(?), 626 - Badr, Hejaz, Arabia - Expedition of Badr al-Maw'id - Quraysh soldiers flee. Muhammad occupies the city for 8 days

June 1(?), 626 - Dhat al-Riqa - Expedition against the tribes of Banu Ghatafan that were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa

September 1(?), 626 - Dumat al-Jandal, NW Arabia - Muhammad sets out with 1,000 men against tribes on the borders of Syria who were involved in robbery and plundering on commercial routes

December 29, 626 - Outside Yathrib (Medina) - A confederacy made of the Banu Nazir, Banu Qurayzah and the Quraysh lays siege to Yathrib. The Battle of the Trench begins

January 24, 627 - Outside Yathrib (Medina) - The siege of Yathrib fails after 27 days. The confederates withraw and the Muslims obtain a decisive victory in the Battle of the Trench. Yathrib is renamed Madinah (Medina)

January 30(?), 627 - Dhul Qa'dah - Invasion of Banu Qurayza - Muhammad lays siege to the fortress of Banu Qurayza. After 25 days, the Banu Qurayza surrender, however, Muhammad orders every male who reached puberty(600-900) to be beheaded

July 1(?), 627 - Batn Gharran - Invasion of Banu Lahyan - Banu Layhan tribesmen escape

December 1(?), 627 - Al-Muraysī', a well in Qadid valley between Mecca and Medina - Expedition of Al-Muraysi' - Muhammad captures the 200 families who made the tribe of Banu Mustaliq. The daughter of the Banu Mustaliq chieftain, Juwayrīyah bint al-Ḥārith, agrees to marry Muhammad in exchange for releasing 100 prisoners who converted to Islam

January 1(?), 628 - Hudaybiyyah - Muhammad and 1,400 unarmed followers camp outside Mecca as pilgrims. Emissaries from Mecca who wished to prevent their entry into the city meet with Muhammad. The two parties decide to sign the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah - The Islamic state in Medina is recognized and Muhammad was no longer considered a rebel or fugitive from Mecca

March(?) 15(?), 628 - Khaybar Oasis - Battle of Khaybar against the jews of Khaybar - Muslim victory

May 1(?), 628 - Fadak, Khaybar, Northern Arabia - Conquest of Fadak. The people surrender to Muhammad and Fadak becomes his private property. He gives the wealth away to orphans and also uses it to finance the marriage of needy young men

June 1(?), 628 - Wadi al Qura - Muhammad lays siege to the jewish colony of Wadi Al-Qura. The jews surrender and Muhammad establishes his full authority on all the jewish tribes of Medina

October(?) 1(?), 628 - Medina, Arabia - Maria al-Qibtiyya, a christian copt, is sent to Muhammad as a gift from Al-Muqawqis, christian governor of Alexandria. Soon the becomes Muhammad's wife

October 31, 629 - Medina - The muslim army, now numbering 10,000 men, sets out for Mecca

November 6, 629 - Marr-uz-Zahran, NW of Mecca - The muslim army arrives at Marr-uz-Zahran

November 7, 629 - Mecca - The assault on Mecca begins

December 11, 629 - Mecca - Muḥammad and his followers take control of Mecca

January 1(?), 630 - Hunain, near al-Ta'if, SW Arabia - Battle of Hunayn against the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin - Muslim victory

January(?) 15(?), 630 - Awtas, Arabia - Battle of Awtas against a league of mountain tribes - Muslim victory

February 1(?), 630 - Ta'if - Muhammad lays siege to Ta'if but withraws after half a month

March(?) 15(?), 630 - Medina, Arabia - Son Ibrahim is born in Medina (March or April)

October 1(?), 630 - Tabuk, near the Gulf of Aqaba - Muhammad reaches Tabuk with 30,000 men, following rumours of a byzantine invasion that never happened. He stays for 20 days in Tabuk

November(?) 1(?), 630 - Medina - Returns to Medina

January 27, 632 - Medina - His son Ibrahim dies in infancy

February 1(?), 632 - Mecca - Last pilgrimage to Mecca

March 6, 632 - Mount Arafat, SE of Mecca - Muhammad's final sermon

March 20(?), 632 - Ghadir Khumm - On his way back to Medina, Muhammad stops at Ghadir Khumm. There he is joined by Ali ibn Abi Talib. Muhammad proclamates him his successor: "Anyone who has me as his mawla, has Ali as his mawla"

June 8, 632 - Medina, Arabia - Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh dies, aged 61 or 62 =(END)

Jesus | Timeline

Israeli actor Raz Degan

(for illustration purposes)

Jesus (December 25, 0 – April 3, 33), also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion. Most Christians believe he is the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited messiah (the Christ) prophesied in the Old Testament. (Altered Wikipedia intro)

April 20, 5 BC - Bethlehem, 10km S. of Jerusalem - Jesus is born around Passover time. Visit by local shepherds

April 28, 5 BC - Bethlehem - Traditional circumcision on the eight day

May 30, 5 BC - Jerusalem - Forty days after his birth, Jesus is presented at the Temple of Jerusalem

June 8, 5 BC - Bethlehem - The three wisemen visit baby Jesus (Gaspar, king of "India", Balthasar, king of "Ethiopia (or Arabia)" and Melchior, king of "Persia"

June 15(?), 5 BC - Egypt - Mary, Joseph flee to Egypt to protect baby Jesus from King Herod's plot to murder him

March 30(?), 4 BC - While in Egypt - King Herod dies

March 1(?), 3 BC - Nazareth, Galilee - Mary and Joseph resettle in Nazareth with baby Jesus

April(?) 20(?), 7 AD - Jerusalem - During Passover of 7 AD, 12-year-old Jesus is found in the Temple of Jerusalem reasoning with the learned men of Judea

January(?) 1(?), 12 AD - Jerusalem - According to the Gospel of Luke, Jesus visits Herod's Temple and gets lost.

October(?) 1(?), 29 AD - Al-Maghta, Jordan - According to the Gospel of Luke (Luke 3:1-2), the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus probably began in this year. Jesus, aged 33, is baptized in the Autumn of 29 AD at the River Jordan by John the Baptist =(START)

January(?) 1(?), 30 AD(?) - Judaean Desert, near the Dead Sea - Jesus goes to the Judaean Desert, where he is relentlessly tempted by the devil

June(?) 1(?), 30 AD(?) - Capernaum, by Lake Tiberias - Jesus returns to Galilee after spending 40 days and nights in the Judaean desert

January(?) 1(?), 31 AD(?) - Canaan - Jesus transforms water into wine at a wedding

April 1, 33 AD - Mount Zion, Jerusalem - Jesus of Nazareth's Last Supper takes place

April 2, 33 AD - Gethsemane, Garden of Olives, Jerusalem - At dawn, Judas Iscariot betrays Jesus for 30 pieces of silver. Jesus is arrested at the Garden of Gethsemane and taken to Caiaphas' court. Paul the Apostle denies Jesus for three times. When Judas learned that Jesus was to be crucified, he is overcome by remorse and attempts in vain to return the 30 pieces of silver to the priests. Later that day, Judas Iscariot hangs himself. During his trial, Roman governor of Judaea, Pontius Pilate, several times tells the Jewish leaders that Jesus is innocent. On his final attempt, John records: "...Pilate made efforts to release him (Jesus), but the Jews cried out, saying 'If you release this man, you are no friend of Caesar; everyone who makes himself out to be a king opposes Caesar.' When Pilate therefore heard these words, he brought Jesus out, and sat down on the judgment seat...And so he then delivered him up to them to be crucified.

Jim Caviezel as Jesus
(Passion of the Christ)

April 3, 33 AD - Golgotha, near Jerusalem - Jesus is crucified at 3pm, aged 37 (according to Colin Humphrey's "double passover" 2011 astronomical analysis. He dies after three hours on the cross. After his death, his body is placed on a tomb in Old Jerusalem by Joseph of Arimathea

April 6, 33 AD - Old Jerusalem - Jesus' sepulchre is found empty after three days. Although with a different appearance, Jesus is seen by Mary Magdalene, who recognizes him immediately. Jesus tells her "Don't touch me, for I have not yet ascended to my father".

April 10(?), 33 AD - By the Sea of Galilee - Jesus appears to his apostles by the Sea of Galilee. They recognize him when he performs his second miraculous catch of fish. They spend some days together, where Jesus speaks to them about the Kingdom of Heaven. 

May 16, 33 AD - Mount of Olives, outside Jerusalem - After spending days with his followers in Galilee, forty days after his crucifixion, Jesus rises "to the Heavens" before Mary Magdalene and his eleven apostles =(END)