Thomas Tallis | Timeline

Thomas Tallis (c.1505 – 23 November 1585; also Thomas Tallys or Thomas Talles) was an English composer who occupies a primary place in anthologies of English choral music. He is considered one of England's greatest composers, and he is honoured for his original voice in English musicianship. No contemporaneous portrait of Tallis survives; the one painted by Gerard Vandergucht dates from 150 years after the composer's death, and there is no reason to suppose that it is a fair likeness. In a rare existing copy of his blackletter signature, he spelled his name "Tallys". (Intro from Wikipedia)

January 30, 1505 - Kent, England - Thomas Tallis is born

January(?) 1(?), 1532 - Dover - First musical appointment as organist of the small Benedictine monastery of Dover Priory =(START)

October(?) 1(?), 1535 - Dover - The Priory of Dover is dissolved in the autumn of 1535, after being visited by the king's commissioners

January(?) 1(?), 1537 - Billingsgate, London - Tallis is employed by the parish of St.Mary-at-Hill in Billingsgate, London. The church had an organ built in 1517 and maintained a choir capable of singing music in five parts. At that post, Tallis comes into contact with the singers of the Chapel Royal in Greenwich and the chamber musicians of the King

October(?) 1(?), 1538 - Waltham Abbey, Essex - Begins working at the Augustinian monastery of Holy Cross in Waltham Abbey, Essex, in the Autumn

March 23, 1540 - Waltham Abbey - Waltham is the last english abbey to be dissolved, under a governmental decision of dissolving greater monasteries

April 4, 1540 - Canterbury - Canterbury Cathedral is surrendered to the Crown. It ceases to be a Benedictine monastery and is reorganized with a secular dean and chapter and provided with a large choir of men and boys

July(?) 1(?), 1540 - Canterbury - Posted at Canterbury Cathedral in the summer, as a member of the choir

January(?) 1(?), 1542 - Greenwich, London - Sent to Court as a Gentleman (singer) of the Chapel Royal. Begins composing and performing for King Henry VIII

November 1(?), 1547 - Westminster, London - The Mass Ordinary is sung in english at Westminster Abbey to mark the opening of Parliament and Convocation

January(?) 1(?), 1552 - London - Marries a woman named Joan

December 25, 1554 - Greenwich, London - Christmas Mass "Puer Natus est Nobis" is sung when Queen Mary believed that she was pregnant with a male heir

January(?) 1(?), 1565 - While in Greenwich - Publication of the four-part motet (or anthem) "If ye Love me", a setting of a passage from the Gospel of John

September 7, 1573 - Canterbury - First presentation of the Motet "Spem in Alium" for 40 voices, probably celebrating Queen Elizabeth's 40th Anniversary

January(?) 1(?), 1575 - Greenwich - Queen Elizabeth grants Tallis and William Byrd, a 21-

Cantiones Sacrae, 1575

year monopoly for polyphonic music and a patent to print and publish music. The two monopolists take advantage of the patent to produce a grandiose joint publication under the title "Cantiones quae ab argumento sacrae vocantur". It is a collection of 34 Latin motets dedicated to the Queen herself, accompanied by elaborate prefatory matter including poems in Latin elegiacs by the schoolmaster Richard Mulcaster and the young courtier Ferdinand Heybourne (aka Richardson). There are 17 motets each by Tallis and Byrd, one for each year of the Queen's reign

January(?) 1(?), 1577 - Greenwich - The "Cantiones" are a financial failure. In 1577 Byrd and Tallis are forced to petition Queen Elizabeth for financial help, pleading that the publication had "fallen oute to oure greate losse" and that Tallis was now "verie aged". They are subsequently granted the leasehold on various lands in East Anglia and the West Country for a period of 21 years

January(?) 1(?), 1580 - While in Greenwich - Oxford don Robert Dow writes: "Talis es et tantus Tallisi musicus, ut si / Fata senem aufferent musica muta foret" (Thou art so renowned and great a musician, Tallis, that if fate should carry thee away in thine old age, music would be mute)

November 23, 1585 - Greenwich - Thomas Tallis dies, aged 80(?) =(END)

The King's Singers sing Tallis, "If ye Love me" from their homes

during isolation from the Covid-19 pandemic

Martin Frobisher | Timeline

Sir Martin Frobisher (c. 1535 – 22 November 1594) was an English seaman and privateer who made three voyages to the New World looking for the North-west Passage. He probably sighted Resolution Island near Labrador in north-eastern Canada, before entering Frobisher Bay and landing on present-day Baffin Island. On his second voyage, Frobisher found what he thought was gold ore and carried 200 tons of it home on three ships, where initial assaying determined it to be worth a profit of £5.20 per ton. Encouraged, Frobisher returned to Canada with an even larger fleet and dug several mines around Frobisher Bay. He carried 1,350 tons of the ore back to England, where, after years of smelting, it was realised that the ore was a worthless rock called hornblende. As an English privateer, he plundered riches from French ships. He was later knighted for his service in repelling the Spanish Armada in 1588. (Intro from Wikipedia)

January(?) 1(?), 1535 - Altofts, Yorkshire - Martin Frobisher is born

January(?) 1(?), 1542 - Altofts - His father, a merchant named Bernard Frobisher, dies

January(?) 1(?), 1549 - London - Sent to London to live with Sir John York, a maternal relative

August 12, 1553 - Portsmouth - 18-year-old Martin Frobisher departs on the first english expedition to West Africa, with 3 ships (Lion, Primrose and Moon) and 140 men, led by Thomas Wyndham and portuguese jewish pilot António Eannes Penteado =(START)

September(?) 1(?), 1553 - Off Madeira Island - Some portuguese ships are plundered

November(?) 1(?), 1553 - Gold Coast, Ghana - The english are able to trade for 150 pounds of gold, while avoiding sailing close to the portuguese fortress of Elmina

December(?) 1(?), 1553 - Lagoons of Nigeria - Wyndham trades his english goods for 80 tons of malaguetta pepper

February(?) 1(?), 1554 - Off Benin - Captain Wyndham dies of malaria fever

May(?), 1(?), 1554 - Madeira Island - Passing Madeira Island

June 1(?), 1554 - Plymouth - The 40 survivors of the Wyndham expedition return to England

October 11, 1554 - Dartmouth - Departs on John Lok's expedition to Western Africa, with 3 ships, the "Trinity" (140-tons), the "John Evangelist" (140-tons) and the "Bartholomew" (90-tons)

November 1, 1554 - Coast of England - Unfavourable winds keep them from leaving the coast of England

November 17, 1554 - Off Madeira Island - Lok passes Madeira Island

November 20(?), 1554 - Off Tenerife Island, Canary Islands - Two days in calms under the Peak of Teide

December 1(?), 1554 - Cestos River, Liberia - Landfall near Cestos River, after 7 weeks sailing

February 10, 1555 - Shama, Ghana - Lok anchors at Shama, site of the portuguese fort of St.Sebastian. The local chief demands an hostage to begin business. Martin Frobisher volunteers. Before business begins, a portuguese ship appears and opens fire of Lok's ships. The english retreat to the east to continue their business, leaving Frobisher in Shama

February 12(?), 1555 - Elmina, Ghana - Frobisher is captured and his african captors hand him to the portuguese at their factory of Mina. He is arrested in the castle of São Jorge da Mina (St.George of Elmina or literally "St.George of the Mine")

February 13, 1555 - While in Elmina, Ghana - John Lok sets sail for England with more than 400 pounds' weight of gold, 36 butts of Guinea pepper, and 250 elephants’ tusks

November 15(?), 1555 - Elmina, Ghana - Frobisher stays in captivity for 9 months. Due to his good nature, the portuguese send him off to purchase victuals at nearby villages, from where he always returned. They decide to transfer him to Lisbon, Portugal

March(?) 1(?), 1556 - Lisbon, Portugal - Frobisher is transfered to a Lisbon jail. He learns of a navigable northwest passage from one of his inmates, a portuguese sailor who swore he had made that voyage

(From 1556 to 1575, details in Frobisher's life are sketchy. Help to complete it is much appreciated)

December(?) 1(?), 1556 - England - Frobisher is released and makes his way back to England

January(?) 1(?), 1559 - Barbary Coast - Leads a voyage to the Barbary Coast to secure the release of an English hostage, Anthony Hammond

September 30, 1559 - West Riding, Yorkshire - Marries Isobel Richard

January(?) 1(?), 1563 - Becomes involved in a privateering business venture with his brother, John Frobisher, and a fellow Yorkshireman, John Appleyard

May 1(?), 1563 - Plymouth - They seize 5 french ships and bring them to Plymouth

January(?) 1(?), 1564 - Marshalsea, London(?) - Released from prison

January(?) 1(?), 1565 - Purchases two ships, the "Mary Flower" and the "William Baxter"

October 31, 1566 - Marshalsea, London(?) - Frobisher is released again

January(?) 1(?), 1568 - Commands the "Robert" in service to the exiled Cardinal of Chatillon

January(?) 1(?), 1569 - Marshalsea, London - Arrested again

March 1(?), 1570 - Marshalsea - Released from prison

August 21, 1571 - Portsmouth - Letter from Captain E.Horsey to Lord Burghley, informing him that he "has expedited the fitting out of a hulk for M. Frobisher"

October 1(?), 1571 - Commissioned to command 4 ships in the search for pirates and smugglers along the english coast

January(?) 1(?), 1572 - Ireland - Directed to the Irish coast to provide logistical support for the English Campaign against the Desmond Rebellions

January 1(?), 1573 - Involved in the seizure of a french ship loaded with portuguese merchandise

January(?) 1(?), 1574 - Frobisher petitioned the Privy Council for permission and financial support to lead an expedition to find a north-west passage to "the Southern Sea" (the Pacific Ocean) and thence to Cathay

February 3, 1575 - London - The Muscovy Company issues a license to Frobisher "to venture into the unknown"

June 7, 1576 - Deptford, London - Frobisher departs to find a Northwest Passage to Cathay, with the 30-ton bark "Gabriel", the "Michael" and a 7-ton unnamed pinnace. While in front of Greenwich Palace, Queen Elizabeth bids farewell to him, "shaking her hand" at them "out of the window"

June 26, 1576 - Shetland Islands - Frobisher reaches the Shetland Islands. The "Michael" begins leaking and has to put into shore for repairs. They continue voyage on the same day

June 29, 1576 - After three days sailing to the Northwest, a violet storm rises

July 8, 1576 - 3 days from Greenland - After being pounded continuously for more than a month, the storm finally ceases

July 11, 1576 - SE tip of Greenland - The mountains of the southeastern tip of Greenland are sighted. Due to the ice, an attempt to land fails. Soon, a terrible storm begins and the small pinnace sinks. The crew of the "Michael" decides to turn back to England

July 13, 1576 - Davis Strait (Between Greenland and Baffin Island, Canada) - The "Gabriel" capsizes, but Frobisher orders the mizzen mast to be hacked away while he untangled the rigging and the sails filling with icy water - the ship sails on

July 28, 1576 - In sight of the Labrador coast - Frobisher sights Labrador

August 18, 1576 - Baffin Island, Canada - Frobisher arrives at Baffin Island. Five crewmembers are taken captive by inuits

August 26, 1576 - Frobisher Bay, Canada - Martin Frobisher claims Frobisher Bay for Elizabeth I

September 20(?), 1576 - Shetland Islands - Reaches the Shetland Islands on his return voyage

October 2, 1576 - Harwich, England - Frobisher reaches Harwich

October 9, 1576 - London - Frobisher returns to London

March 30, 1577 - Frobisher petitions the Queen to be confirmed as High Admiral of the North-Western Seas and Governor of all lands discovered, and to receive 5% of profits from trade

May 18, 1577 - Greenwich Palace - Martin Frobisher visits the Court

May 27, 1577 - Blackwall, London - Frobisher departs to the Northeast with three ships, the 200-ton "Ayde", lent by the Queen (who was investing £1,000 in the expedition), the "Gabriel" and the "Michael". The expedition was carrying 30 cornish miners and a group of convicts to be expatriated

May 31, 1577 - Harwich - At Harwich, Frobisher has a letter from the Privy Council waiting for him, commanding him to trim his excess crew. He decides to send the convicts and a number of sailors ashore and continues to Scotland

June 7, 1577 - St.Magnus Sound, Orkney Islands - The fleet anchors at St.Magnus Sound in the Orkney Islands to take on water

July 4, 1577 - Off Southern Greenland - "Friesland" (Southern Greenland) is sighted

July 8, 1577 - Southern Greenland - Unable to land due to the fog and fear of hitting unseen ice, Frobisher sets course to the west

July 17, 1577 - Hall's Island, Frobisher Bay, Canada - After ten days of storms, the weather clears and Hall's Island is sighted, at the mouth of Frobisher Bay

July 18, 1577 - Hall's Island - Frobisher and a small party land on Hall's Island. The next day they make their way to its highest point, which is baptized as Mount Warwick, in honor of one of the main investors of the expedition, the Earl of Warwick

July 30(?), 1577 - Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada - Frobisher sets up a gold mining colony

August 1, 1577 - Frobisher tries to bargain with the natives about exchanging the hostages for the five captured englishmen

August 23, 1577 - Hall's Island, Frobisher Bay - Frobisher sets sail to Wales, taking an eskimo family aboard

September 23, 1577 - Milford Haven, Wales - Frobisher returns to Wales

September 24, 1577 - Windsor - Visit to the Queen after his return

May 21, 1578 - Hampton Court Palace, London - Martin Frobisher visits the Court

May 30, 1578 - Harwich, England - Frobisher departs on his third expedition to the Northeast with 15 ships :"Ayde, Michael, Gabriel, Judith, Dennis, Anne Francis, Francis of Foy, Moon of Foy, Bear of Leycester, Thomas of Ipswich, Thomas Allen, Armenall, Soloman of Weymouth, Hopewell and Emanuel of Bridgwater"

June 20, 1578 - South of Greenland - Frobisher reaches the South of Greenland

July 2, 1578 - In sight of Frobisher Bay - Frobisher Bay is sighted in stormy weather. The 100-ton barque "Dennys" is wrecked on an iceberg" with the expedition's prefabricated "winter house" on board

August 31, 1578 - Frobisher Bay, Canada - Frobisher decides to return to England without establishing a successful colony

October 2, 1578 - Plymouth - Frobisher returns to Plymouth

March 17, 1580 - Plymouth(?) - Sir William Winter sails to Ireland with 9 ships, one of which was the "Foresight" under command of Martin Frobisher. He was instructed to cruise off the Irish coast with a fleet to prevent any help of arriving for the rebels

March 30, 1580 - Near Ballylongford, Kerry, W. Ireland - Winter's ships begin a two-day bombardment of the Desmond Fort at Carrigafoyle

April 6, 1580 - Near Ballylongford - Sails up the Shannon River to land guns, ammunition and powder to enable Lord Deputy Sir William Pelham to take the Earl of Desmond's stronghold at Carrigafoyle and two other forts

July 25, 1580 - Off Baltimore, SW Ireland - Resupplied at Sea by four ships of sea victuals from England

September 5, 1580 - Baltimore, SW Ireland - Sir William Winter sets sail back to England without authorization

September 12, 1580 - While sailing to England - Papal forces land at Smerwick, Ireland

October(?) 1(?), 1580 - Plymouth(?) - Six days after returning to England, news are received that the Spanish Admiral Don Martín de Recaldi had arrived at Smerwick Bay and offloaded supplies and troops before returning to Spain

November 5, 1580 - Smerwick Bay, W. Ireland - Sir William Winter's ships arrive at Smerwick Bay, replenishing the supplies of Grey de Wilton, who was camped at Dingle

November 10, 1580 - Smerwick Bay - Bombardment of the Dun an Oir fort

November 11, 1580 - While in Smerwick Bay - The spanish call for a truce and surrender the next day

December(?) 1(?), 1580 - Plymouth(?) - During the next days, the english slaughter all but a handful of officers and men without mercy. Even pregnant women are hanged. Sir William Winter returns to England

September 14, 1585 - Plymouth - Sir Francis Drake sets sail to the Antilles with a strong armada of 21 ships and 1,800 soldiers under command of Christopher Carleill. One of his captains is Martin Frobisher, in command of the "Primrose"

September 27, 1585 - Bayona, Vigo Bay - Drake sends people ashore to plunder and take hostages, which Carleill had already done

October 11, 1585 - Bayona, Vigo Bay - After taking on fresh water, Drake sets sail again

November 3, 1585 - La Palma, Canary Islands - An attempt to land is thwarted

November 18, 1585 - Santiago, Cape Verde - 1,000 men land, and while they await for ransom, the ships are loaded with provisions. Nobody appears

November 29, 1585 - Santiago, Cape Verde - Drake weighs anchor and begins the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean

December 16, 1585 - Dominica - Arrival to Dominica, passage by Guadalupe

December 25, 1585 - St.Kitts Islands - The english spend Christmas at St. Christopher

December 31, 1585 - In sight of Santo Domingo - The english armada creates panic when it is seen from Santo Domingo

January 1, 1586 - Santo Domingo - The city is taken. During the night, 1,000 men land at the mouth of River Haina

January 31, 1586 - Santo Domingo - Drake departs with a ransom of 25,000 ducats and all riches of Santo Domingo

February 9, 1586 - Cartagena, Colombia - Drake enters in the port of Cartagena

March 10, 1586 - Cartagena - The spanish hand over a ransom of 107,000 ducats. Maybe even more 200,000 from individuals

April 14, 1586 - Cartagena - Drake, with too many sick men aboard, decides to return to England and sets sail

April 27, 1586 - Between Havana and Cape San Antonio - Drake careens his ships and abandons plans to assault Havana, which was well defended

May 13, 1586 - Between Havana and Cape San Antonio - Drake departs with a portuguese pilot to the East coast of Florida

May 28, 1586 - St. Augustine, Florida - Drake lands and destroys the spanish settlement. The spanish run away with their families

June 9, 1586 - Roanoke Island, North Carolina - Drake reaches the Virginia Colony, in the Island of Roanoke

June 18, 1586 - Roanoke Island, North Carolina - Drake sets sail to England taking colonists with him

July 28, 1586 - Portsmouth, England - Frobisher returns to England with Drake

July 21, 1588 - Eddystone Rocks, off Plymouth - Aboard his flagship "Triumph", Frobisher commands a squadron of 6 ships - "Merchant Royal, Margaret and John, Centurion, Golden Lion, Mary Rose"

July 25, 1588 - Off Dunnose Cape, Isle of Wight - Frobisher engages the Duke of Medina Sidonia's flagship "San Martín". He escapes when more than 30 spanish ships bore down upon him

July 26, 1588 - E. Isle of Wight - John Hawkins and Martin Frobisher are knighted by Admiral Howard, on board his flagship "Ark Royal"

July 29, 1588 - Off Gravelines, France - Battle of Gravelines

October 31, 1588 - The english fleet returns to port

May 1(?), 1590 - Plymouth - Hawkins and Frobisher set sail to the Coast of Portugal to wait for the Silver Fleet

May 10(?), 1590 - Coast of Portugal - Hawkins and Frobisher arrive to the area to wait for the Silver Fleet. However, Phillip II of Spain forbids its departure

October 29(?), 1590 - Plymouth - Hawkins and Frobisher return to England, empty handed

September 1(?), 1591 - Altofts, Yorkshire - Visit to his native Altofts. Meets Dorothy Wentworth, daughter of Thomas, 1st Baron Wentworth

October(?) 1(?), 1591 - Altofts, Yorkshire - Dorothy Wentworth becomes Frobisher's second wife

November 1(?), 1591 - Whitwood, Yorkshire - Frobisher purchases from the Queen the leasehold of the manor of Whitwood in Yorkshire, and of Finningley Grange in Nottinghamshire, for £949

March 5(?), 1592 - Dartmouth - Ready to depart, Raleigh's fleet is held at port with poor weather

May 6, 1592 - Dartmouth - After much delay because of weather, Walter Raleigh sets sail with John Burroughs as vice-admiral and Martin Frobisher. His fleet were 14 or 15 ships of which the "Garland" and the "Foresight" belonged to the Queen. Cumberland had the largest stake in the expedition and helped Raleigh to finance and gather the fleet. The fleet included notables such as William Monson, Robert Crosse, Samuel Purchas, Richard Hawkins, Downton and Christopher Newport. Cumberland provides the "Tiger"(600-tons), his 300-ton ship "Sampson" and the "Golden Noble"(160-tons)

May 7, 1592 - Off Dartmouth - Frobisher goes to Raleigh in the pinnace "Disdain" and delivers him the letter from the Queen, ordering his immediate recall to England

May 9, 1592 - Bay of Biscay - Raleigh meets with a ship belonging to Monsieur Gourdon, governor of Calais, on board of which was one Mr.Nevil Davies, an englishman, who had endured a long captivity of 12 years, and had now by good fortune made his escape, and was on his way home. Davies reported that there was little good to be done or expected that year in the West Indies, as the king of Spain had sent express orders to all the ports both of the islands and the main, that no ships were to sail that year, nor any treasure to be shipped to Spain. Yet Raleigh continues his voyage, despite the Queen's orders.

May 11, 1592 - Off Cape Finisterre, NW Spain - The Fleet is scattered by a severe storm. Three ships sink

May 12, 1592 - Off Cape Finisterre, NW Spain - Upon considering the effects of the storm, the contrary winds expected in a raid to Panama that time of the year, and the depleted supplies with the delays, Raleigh decides to sail home, dividing his fleet between Burrough ("Roebuck"), with orders to sail to the Azores to intercept carracks from Mexico and India, and Frobisher ("Garland"), with orders to patrol the coast of Portugal and watch for ships leaving Lisbon

May 31, 1592 - Off Cape St Vincent, Portugal - A sail is sighted. Burrough pursues it to Cape St.Vincent. The ship, the spanish 600-tons "Santa Clara", is taken

June 15(?), 1592 - Off Cape St Vincent, Portugal - Frobisher rounds Cape St.Vincent without finding Alonso de Bazán's fleet (Which sailed to St.Michael Island, Azores)

June 18, 1592 - Off Northern Portugal - Frobisher captures a ship laden with chests of sugar

July(?) 1(?), 1592 - Dartmouth(?) - The "Garland" returns to England

October 1, 1594 - Ponte des Espagnols, Crozon Peninsula, France - Present at the siege of Fort Crozon, from the Sea

November 12(?), 1594 - Ponte des Espagnols - Frobisher receives a gunshot wound to his thigh. The surgeon who extracts the ball leaves the wadding behind and an infection ensues

November 15, 1594 - Plymouth, England - Sir Martin Frobisher dies on arrival in Plymouth, due to the infection, aged 59 =(END)

Sir Walter Raleigh | Timeline

Sir Walter Raleigh (22 January 1552  – 29 October 1618), also spelled Ralegh, was an English landed gentleman, writer, poet, soldier, politician, courtier, spy and explorer. He was a cousin of Sir Richard Grenville and younger half-brother of Sir Humphrey Gilbert. He is also well known for popularising tobacco in England. Raleigh was one of the most notable figures of the Elizabethan era. (Intro based on Wikipedia)

January 22, 1552 - Hayes Barton, East Budleigh, Devon - Walter Raleigh is born

October(?) 1(?), 1566 - Oxford - 14-year-old Raleigh is sent to the University of Oxford to study Law

November 1(?), 1568 - La Rochelle, France - 16-year-old Raleigh sails to La Rochelle with Henry Champernown and a small cavalry troop =(START)

November 16, 1568 - Jazeneuil, France - Battle of Jazeneuil, between the Catholic troops of the Duke of Montpensier and the Protestant army of the Prince of Condé

February 6, 1569 - Niort, France - Champernown writes to Sir William Cecil from Niort during the harshest winter in 20 years

March 13, 1569 - Jarnac, SW La Rochelle - Champernown and Raleigh join the Huguenot army at Jarnac. They are defeated and the Prince of Condé killed

March 15(?), 1569 - La Rochelle, France - The huguenots hastily retreat to La Rochelle

April 1(?), 1569 - Devon, England - Champernown and Raleigh return to Devon to raise a larger force

September 20, 1569 - La Rochelle, France - Champernown and Raleigh return to La Rochelle

October 5, 1569 - Niort, France - Champernown reaches Niort too late. Two days earlier, the Huguenot forces under the command of Coligny were virtually destroyed at the Battle of Moncontour

November(?) 1(?), 1569 - Montauban, SW France - Coligny and the young Prince of Navarre (future Henri IV) move south to Montauban

December(?) 1(?), 1569 - Toulouse - The huguenot army rampages through the countryside, burning fields as they go and plunging down towards Toulouse

January(?) 1(?), 1570 - Nîmes, France - Nîmes is sacked

May 28, 1570 - La Rochelle, France - Back in La Rochelle. Henry Champernown dies

August 23, 1572 - Paris - Walsingham hides Huguenots in is house during the St.Bartholomew Day Massacre. He also provides refuge to many englishmen, one of them, was probably young Walter Raleigh

February 17, 1575 - London - Arrives to the Inns of Court, Middle Temple, with a group of west country students

December 17, 1577 - London - Raleigh stands before a Middlesex justice of the peace for "disturbing the peace"

August 15(?), 1578 - River Thames - Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Raleigh set sail from the River Thames. Raleigh commands the 100-ton "Falcon"

August 25, 1578 - Dartmouth - Gilbert and Raleigh reach Dartmouth

October 15, 1578 - Plymouth - Gilbert and Raleigh sail to Plymouth

October 29, 1578 - Plymouth - They attempt to leave Plymouth but are driven back by a storm. Raleigh meets Simão Fernandes, a highly skilled portuguese pilot who had served the Spanish crown in the Caribbean

November 19, 1578 - Plymouth - Gilbert and Raleigh set sail with a fleet of six ships for North America

November 20(?), 1578 - Off Plymouth - One of the ships, the "Hope of Greenaway" begins to leak badly and his forced to return to Plymouth. The fleet is reduced to five

December 15(?), 1578 - Ireland - Gilbert and Raleigh are forced to take refuge in Ireland for repairs and supplies

January(?) 15(?), 1579 - Gran Canaria, Canary Islands - Reaching the Canary Islands, they take 15 tonnes of wine and a quantity of meats. The rest of the voyage is source of speculation

February(?) 1(?), 1579 - Cape Verde Islands - Records place Raleigh at Cape Verde before turning back to England, but....

March(?) 1(?), 1579 - near Salvador, NE Brazil - The "Falcon" was probably the ship that landed 5 englishmen near Salvador, NE of Brazil, who were later captured by the portuguese

May 1(?), 1579 - Plymouth - Raleigh and Fernandes bring the "Falcon" back to Plymouth

May 28, 1579 - Dartmouth - Raleigh and his brother are straightly charged by the Lords of the Privy Council "in her Majesty's name, to remain on land and to surcease proceeding in their enterprize"

June 1(?), 1579 - In the summer of 1579 William Drury, Lord Deputy of Ireland, commissions Gilbert and Raleigh to attack James FitzMaurice Fitzgerald again by sea and land and to intercept a fleet expected to arrive from Spain with aid for the Irish. At this time Gilbert had three vessels under his command: the 250-ton "Anne Ager" (named after his wife), the "Relief", and the 10-ton "Squirrell", a small frigate notable for having completed the voyage to America and back within three months under the command of a captured Portuguese pilot

December 1(?), 1579 - Compelled to decide between Oxford and Elizabeth, Raleigh's choice of Elizabeth is an assertion of independence, but a commitment to a life of dependency on her favour

December 30(?), 1579 - Oxford is released from house arrest

February 5, 1580 - Whitehall, London - Raleigh and a fellow courtier named Sir Thomas Perrott are summoned by the Privy Council to answer for a fight between the two of them in the precincts at Whitehall. They stand before Sir William Cecil (Lord Burghley), the Earls of Leicester, Bedford, Lincoln and Sussex; Sir Henry Sidney; Sir Thomas Bromley, the Lord Chancellor; Thomas Wilson (the Queen's secretary) and Sir Christopher Hatton

March 17, 1580 - Whitehall - Raleigh is ambushed and forced to fight for his life

August 12, 1580 - Dublin, Ireland - Raleigh arrives in Dublin with Lord Deputy Grey de Wilton

August 25, 1580 - Glenmalure, Ireland - Grossly underestimating the rebels, Wilton sends 2,000 men (most of them english recruits) to fight the rebels in the thickly wooded valley of Glenmalure. They are decimated and only a cavalry charge led by Wilton himself prevents that all of them are killed. (Raleigh might have been there)

September 7, 1580 - Dublin, Ireland - Grey de Wilton is sworn as Lord Deputy

November 5, 1580 - Dún an Óir, near Ard na Caithne (Smerwick), Ireland - Raleigh arrives at Smerwick Harbour, Ireland, with a 800-strong army led by Grey de Wilton. A naval force led by Admiral Sir William Wynter arrives at the same time to complete the encirclement of the town

November 7, 1580 - Dún an Óir, near Ard na Caithne (Smerwick) - Siege of Smerwick

November 10, 1580 - Dún an Óir, near Ard na Caithne (Smerwick) - Sebastiano di San Giuseppe, the commander of the garrison of Smerwick, surrenders. Grey de Wilton orders summary executions. 600 spanish, italian and irish soldiers are executed. The bands ordered to carry out the executions were led by Walter Raleigh (which would be brought against him in his trial, 30 years later)

December 17, 1580 - Whitehall, London - Raleigh arrives back at court in Whitehall

February 3, 1581 - Whitehall - Departs for Ireland after giving a deposition for a Chancery lawsuit arising from the failed 1578 voyage

February 25(?), 1581 - Dublin - Raleigh returns to Ireland

March(?) 1(?), 1581 - W. of Cork, Ireland - Raleigh rides to Cork with only 6 men. He is ambushed by John FitzEdmund FitzGerald between Ballinacurra and Midleton. Three of his men are killed

August 26, 1581 - Lismore, NE of Cork, Ireland - Letter to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, offering his services

December 31, 1581 - Cork, Ireland - Departs Cork with despatches to London

January 1, 1582 - While on his way to London - Burghley writes to Grey in Ireland, telling him of the Queen's enthusiasm for Raleigh's plan to subdue Munster

January 20(?), 1582 - Whitehall, London - Returns to Court. He starts being noticed by Queen Elizabeth

February 1, 1582 - Whitehall - The Duke of Anjou and Alençon set out to the Netherlands, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth, with an entourage of 100 gentlemen, including the Earl of Leicester and Walter Raleigh

February 4, 1582 - Rochester, River Medway - Queen Elizabeth bids farewell to the Duke of Anjou and Alençon and returns to London

February 19, 1582 - Antwerp - The Duke of Anjou and Alençon's entourage arrive in the Netherlands

February 20, 1582 - Antwerp - Most of the english return home with the Earl of Leicester. Raleigh stays in Antwerp at Walsingham's behest

March 18, 1582 - At Antwerp when a basque man attempts to assassinate William of Orange, shooting him in the face. Raleigh races back to England to deliver the news. Letter to Sir Humphrey Gilbert: "Brother, I have sent you a token from Her Majesty, an anchor guided by a Lady as you see, and farther Her Highness willed me to send you word that she wished as great good hap and safety to your ship as if herself were there in person…."

March 23, 1582 - London - Raleigh returns to London and delivers his package to Walsingham (and probably to Queen Elizabeth)

May 1(?), 1582 - Greenwich - Mourning the death of his daughter, Burghley writes to Raleigh from his mansion at Theobalds, asking him to intercede with Elizabeth on behalf of the Earl of Oxford, his son-in-law.

May 4, 1582 - Greenwich - Queen Elizabeth grants Raleigh "the farm of wines" - the exclusive right to license vintners in England - anyone who wished to sell wine had to pay Raleigh an annual fee of £1 for the right to do so

June 1(?), 1582 - near Antwerp - Raleigh returns to the Netherlands and joins Sir John Norris's english regiment outside Antwerp

January(?) 1(?), 1583 - London(?) - Elizabeth offers Raleigh a London home - Durham House

March 15, 1583 - Richmond, London - Letter to Humphrey Gilbert: "Her Highness willed me to send you word that she wished as great good hap and safety to your ship as if herself were there in person, desiring you to have care of yourself … therefore for her sake you must provide for it accordingly."

April 10, 1583 - Letter to Thomas Egerton, the solicitor-general: "It hath pleased her Majesty to bestow the leases of Scotney and Newland, lately granted unto her from All Souls College in Oxford, upon me"

April 18, 1583 - Mortlake, London - While the Court moves to Greenwich, Raleigh invites the Queen to visit John Dee at Mortlake

May(?) 1(?), 1583 - Southampton(?) - Raleigh spends 2,000 marks on a 240-ton ship from Henry Oughtred, a Southampton ship-owner. He baptizes the ship as "Bark Raleigh", and offers it to his brother Sir Humphrey Gilbert for his next voyage to North America

May 27, 1583 - Theobalds, Hertfordshire - The Court moves to Burghley's palace at Theobalds, Hertfordshire

June 11, 1583 - While in Greenwich - Raleigh receives the news that Gilbert had set sail with a fleet of five ships, including his "Bark Raleigh". Nineteen men had deserted before departure and two days into the voyage, the ship would turn back to Plymouth owing to lack of victuals.

September 22, 1583 - While in Greenwich - The "Golden Hind" returns alone to Falmouth, bringing the news of Sir Humphrey Gilbert's failure and disappearance. On the same day, Walsingham writes to the Earl of Leicester: "hear that there is a by-course in hand with Arran and the Colonel wherein Mr Ralegh is used for an instrument. I hope he is too wise to be used in any such indiscreet dealing. Your lordship may do well to give him advice to abstain from such by-courses"

September 30(?), 1583 - Arran, Scotland - Dispatched to Arran, Scotland

March 25, 1584 - Whitehall, London - Queen Elizabeth I grants Raleigh a charter for the colonization of the area of North America. This charter specified that Raleigh needed to establish a colony in North America, or lose his right to colonization. Queen Elizabeth proposes the name "Virginia" for the new country

April 26, 1584 - Durham House, London - A thief named Hugh Pugh "stole a jewel worth eighty pounds, a hat band of pearls worth thirty pounds, and five yards of white silk called damask worth three pounds of the goods and chattels of Walter Rawley esq" from his Durham House

April 27, 1584 - Raleigh dispatches a reconnaissance expedition led by Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe to explore the eastern coast of North America

July 4, 1584 - While in Durham House, London - Amadas and Barlowe arrive at Roanoke Island

July 26, 1584 - Raleigh makes an offer for his birthplace House Hayes Barton, in East Budleigh

September 1(?), 1584 - While in Durham House, London - Raleigh's reconnaissance ships return to England, with two native americans from Roanoke

September(?) 10(?), 1584 - Durham House, London - Amadas and Barlowe offer detailed and secretive debriefings at Durham House

November 23, 1584 - Westminster, London - Opening of the Parliament: Raleigh, dressed as an MP is sworn as a member of the House of Commons

December 14, 1584 - Westminster - Introduces a bill to confirm Queen Elizabeth's grant of patent by act of Parliament

January 6, 1585 - Greenwich - Walter Raleigh makes his way to the Court at Greenwich by boat. After theater and a masque in which Elizabeth dances, Walter Raleigh is knighted by the Queen. She also presents him with the 180-ton ship "Tyger", used by Winter in Smerwick Bay (1580), to add to his fleet

February 25(?), 1585 - River Thames - Raleigh's ships sail down the Thames on the way to Plymouth

April 9, 1585 - Plymouth - Raleigh's squadron sails to Virginia under Sir Richard Grenville's command (on board the "Tyger"). One of his captains is Thomas Cavendish, on board the "Elizabeth"

May 1(?), 1585 - Mendoza's spies report that Raleigh and the Earl of Leicester were now in very bad terms

June 21, 1585 - Durham House, London - At Durham House when news arrive of the apparent suicide of the Earl of Northumberland in the Tower of London

July 1(?), 1585 - The Queen rewards him with the Warden of the stannaries - the community of Cornish tin mines which had its own ancient rights and laws expressed through courts and parliaments held on Crockern Tor, high on Dartmoor

September 1(?), 1585 - The Queen rewards Raleigh by appointing him Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall

October 1, 1585 - Falmouth - Grenville and Cavendish return to England

October 18, 1585 - Plymouth - Grenville takes the spanish prize to Plymouth. Raleigh greets them at arrival

November 1(?), 1585 - While in Windsor(?) - The Queen rewards Raleigh by appointing him Vice-Admiral of Devon and Cornwall

June 21, 1586 - While in Windsor(?) - Raleigh is granted 12,000 acres in Country Cork, Ireland

August(?) 1(?), 1586 - While in Windsor(?) - On the way back to England, Raleigh's ships capture Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, the spanish governor of Patagonia

September(?) 1(?), 1586 - While in Windsor(?) - Raleigh's pinnaces "Serpent" and "Mary Sparke" arrive in Southampton

September 10, 1586 - While in Windsor(?) - Letter from Mendoza to King Philip of Spain: "The whole of the affair that was being planned appears to have been discovered, some of the leaders having confessed. Of the six men who had sworn to kill the queen, only two have escaped, namely, the favourite Ralegh and the brother of Lord Windsor"

September 14, 1586 - While in Windsor - Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa is brought up to London

September 15, 1586 - Windsor - Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa is sent to meet Raleigh at Windsor, to where Queen Elizabeth had retreated

September 19, 1586 - While in Windsor(?) - Four days after his trial, Sir Anthony Babington tries to contact Raleigh, offering him £1,000 to plead his cause before Elizabeth

January 7, 1587 - Raleigh's chosen governor and his 12 assistants are granted their charter as "Governor and Assistants of the City of Raleigh in Virginia"

February 1(?), 1587 - Raleigh's Munster holdings grow to 42,000 acres

February 20, 1587 - Greenwich - While speaking with Queen Elizabeth, secretary Davidson appears. The Queen tells him about a dream she had, where Mary Stuart had been executed, making her so mad that she couldn't account for her actions. (Elizabeth wanted to share the burden of responsability for Mary's death)

April 30(?), 1587 - Queen Elizabeth appoints Walter Raleigh as Captain of her Guard and entrusts him with the defence of Cornwall against Spain's attack

December 21, 1587 - Cornwall - Letter to Queen Elizabeth

July(?) 1(?), 1588 - Isle of Portland, S. of Weymouth - Raleigh organizes the defences of the Isle of Portland against the expected Spanish Armada

July 23, 1588 - Off Portland (Weymouth) - Raleigh joins the fleet

November 19, 1591 - Raleigh marries Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without the Queen's permission

February 28, 1592 - Lady Raleigh (Elizabeth Throckmorton) leaves the Court

March 5(?), 1592 - Dartmouth - Ready to depart, Raleigh's fleet is held at port with poor weather

May 6, 1592 - Dartmouth - After much delay because of weather, Walter Raleigh sets sail with John Burroughs as vice-admiral and Martin Frobisher. His fleet were 14 or 15 ships of which the "Garland" and the "Foresight" belonged to the Queen. Cumberland had the largest stake in the expedition and helped Raleigh to finance and gather the fleet. The fleet included notables such as William Monson, Robert Crosse, Samuel Purchas, Richard Hawkins, Downton and Christopher Newport. Cumberland provides the "Tiger"(600-tons), his ship 300-ton ship "Sampson" and the "Golden Noble"(160-tons)

May 7, 1592 - Off Dartmouth - Frobisher goes to Raleigh in the pinnace "Disdain" and delivers him the letter from the Queen, ordering his immediate recall to England

May 9, 1592 - Bay of Biscay - Raleigh meets with a ship belonging to Monsieur Gourdon, governor of Calais, on board of which was one Mr.Nevil Davies, an englishman, who had endured a long captivity of 12 years, and had now by good fortune made his escape, and was on his way home. Davies reported that there was little good to be done or expected that year in the West Indies, as the king of Spain had sent express orders to all the ports both of the islands and the main, that no ships were to sail that year, nor any treasure to be shipped to Spain. Yet Raleigh continues his voyage, despite the Queen's orders.

May 11, 1592 - Off Cape Finisterre, NW Spain - The Fleet is scattered by a severe storm. Three ships sink

May 12, 1592 - Off Cape Finisterre, NW Spain - Upon considering the effects of the storm, the contrary winds expected in a raid to Panama that time of the year, and the depleted supplies with the delays, Raleigh decides to sail home, dividing his fleet between Burrough ("Roebuck"), with orders to sail to the Azores to intercept carracks from Mexico and India, and Frobisher ("Garland"), with orders to patrol the coast of Portugal and watch for ships leaving Lisbon

May(?) 20(?), 1592 - Dartmouth - Raleigh returns to England in a smaller ship

June 18(?), 1592 - London - Raleigh returns to London and is arrested for lying to the Queen about his secret marriage to Bess Throckmorton

July 26, 1592 - Violent dispute with Sir George Carew

September 16, 1592 - Dartmouth - Raleigh is released from the Tower due to pressure from John Hawkins, to control the looting of the "Madre de Deus"

September 19, 1592 - Exeter - Letter to Lord Burghley, also in Exeter

September 21, 1592 - Dartmouth - Letter to Lord Burghley: "the City of London is to have £6,000 profit by Her Majesty’s order. Then they are to have Her Majesty’s allowance of £2,000 upon all and £4,000 profit as well out of our principal. By that means we are to lose £4,000 of money disbursed…. The Earl of Cumberland is allowed £36,000 and his account came but to £19,000, so he has £ 17,000 profit, who adventured for himself, and we that served the Queen and assisted her service [fitting out her ships] have not our own again. Besides I gave my ship’s sails and cables to furnish the carrack and bring her home or else she [would] have perished…. I was the cause that all this came to the Queen and that the King of Spain spent £300,000 [in] the last year. And I lost in the last year in the voyage of my Lord Thomas Howard, £1,600, besides the interest of £11,000 which I have paid ever since this voyage

began"

December 13, 1592 - Durham House, London - Letter to the Lords of the Council on the affairs of an italian merchant named Corsini

January(?) 1(?), 1593 - Shelborne, Dorsetshire - Raleigh settles at Sherborne, Dorsetshire (until departing for Trinidad in February 1595)

January 1(?), 1594 - Sherborne, E. of Yeovil, Dorsetshire(?) - Raleigh is formally granted permission to export staves to Madeira, the Canaries, Bordeaux and La Rochelle

Sir Walter Raleigh, 1595

February 6, 1595 - Plymouth - Raleigh sets sail towards the Azores with 4 small ships and 150 men, to take on fresh supplies before crossing the Atlantic

February 9, 1595 - Cape Ortegal, Galicia, Spain - Raleigh reaches Cape Ortegal

February 12(?), 1595 - Berlengas Islands, Coast of Portugal - Sailing past the "Burlings"

February(?) 17, 1595 - Fuerteventura, Canary Islands - The fleet takes on fresh supplies

March(?) 1(?), 1595 - Off Tenerife, Canary Islands - Captures a spanish ship and its cargo is emptied, of which a large amount of firearms is taken

March(?) 2(?), 1595 - Near the Canary Islands - Captures a flemish ship and its cargo of 20 hogsheads of spanish wine

March 22, 1595 - Island of Trinidad - Raleigh arrives at Trinidad

April 2(?), 1595 - La Brea, SW Trinidad and Tobago - While sailing across the Gulf of Paria, Raleigh smells tar and puts into shore at La Brea. The Caribs led Raleigh to a pitch lake (the largest of the world's three natural asphalt lakes) and he realized that the substance was ideal for caulking his ships. He took several barrels with him, and has since been credited with "discovering" the lake

April 4, 1595 - Port of Spain | San José de Oruña (Saint Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago) - Raleigh disembarks a hundred soldiers and seizes the small stockade at Port of Spain, overwhelming the small garrison before pushing inland with the intent to capture San José de Oruña

April 15, 1595 - Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago - Raleigh sets sail from his base in the "Gallego" which was cut down for river travel, with 100 men along with two wherries

April 27, 1595 - near present Guayana City, Venezuela - The spanish follow Raleigh in canoes and surprise them. However, the spanish suffer casualties and decide to flee

April 28, 1595 - near present Guayana City, Venezuela - Raleigh encounters the Warao and Pemon people and establishes peaceful relations with them, showing that he was an enemy of the spanish, who the indigenous amerindians detested

May(?) 1(?), 1595 - River Caroni, S. of present Guayana City - Raleigh continues up the Caroni River, taking with him the son of the local chieftain, Topiawari, and leaving two english in the village

May(?) 6(?), 1595 - Angel Falls, Venezuela - Raleigh reaches Angel Falls, discribing it as "higher than any church spire", and sees Mount Roraima at a distance

June(?) 1(?), 1595 - San José de Oruña (Saint Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago) - Raleigh returns to Trinidad and Tobago, via Topiawari's village

June(?) 6(?), 1595 - Margarita Island, NE of Venezuela - Land on Margarita Island and plunders for supplies

June(?) 8(?), 1595 - Cumaná, NE of Venezuela - Raleigh leaves de Berrío ashore after he is unable to get a ransom

June(?) 20(?), 1595 - Riohacha, Colombia - Raleigh descends upon Riohacha, which he sacks and plunders

July 13, 1595 - Cape San Antonio, western tip of Cuba - Raleigh meets up with Preston and Somers and is told of their remarkable exploits in capturing Caracas, La Guaira and Coro. Contrary winds force them to abandon the idea of seeking the colony of Roanoke

July 14(?), 1595 - Cape San Antonio, western tip of Cuba(?) - The english captains abandon the idea of sailing to the Colony of Roanoke due to contrary winds and decide to return to England

August 30(?), 1595 - England - Raleigh, Preston and Somers arrive in England

October 9, 1595 - Durham House, London - Dinner with John Dee

March 15, 1596 - London - "Discovery of Guyana" is published

May 3, 1596 - Gravesend - Complains about how hard it was to get hold of men to serve her Majesty

May 26, 1596 - Plymouth - Arrives in Plymouth

June 13, 1596 - Plymouth - A powerful fleet of 150 english and dutch ships, with 7360 soldiers and 6772 sailors under the command of Admiral Charles Howard (of Effingham) sails from Plymouth. Other commanders were the Earl of Essex, Lord Thomas Howard, Sir Walter Raleigh, the Earl of Cumberland and Sir Francis Vere. Another 20 dutch ships with 2,000 men on board joins the force under the command of Admiral Jacob van Duvenvoorde. Raleigh commands the "Warspite"

June 29, 1596 - Off Lagos, Portugal - The anglo-dutch fleet is spotted off Lagos, southern Portugal. Spanish messengers set out to warn Cadiz

June 30, 1596 - Cadiz, Spain - The powerful english fleet arrives at Cadiz. Raleigh and Essex begin a seafight with 4 spanish heavy galleons - 4 of the 12 "Apostles" - The "San Felipe", "San Barnabé", "San Mateo" and "San Tomas", the first two of them had boarded the "Revenge" in 1591

July 2, 1596 - Cadiz - After 32 ships are sunk, the english take the city and plunder it

July 7, 1596 - Cadiz - Letter to Lord Burghley, expressing his hope that the Queen would "Take my labors and endeavors in good part"

July 14, 1596 - Cadiz - The powerful english fleet departs from Cadiz

July 25, 1596 - Faro, Portugal - On its return trip to England, the fleet disembarks at Faro, Portugal, and burns it

August 8, 1596 - Plymouth - Raleigh, Howard of Effingham and Thomas Howard return to England

April 18, 1597 - Essex House, London - Raleigh, the Earl of Essex and Lord Burghley dine together at Essex House

June 1, 1597 - Chatham - Essex and Walter Raleigh go to Chatham, where Lord Burghley presents Raleigh to the Queen, who receives him very graciously again and gives him full authority to execute his place as Captain of the Guard. Raleigh was back in Court after 5 years

June 15(?), 1597 - Plymouth(?) - Essex, Sir Thomas Howard and Walter Raleigh depart to destroy the spanish fleet at Ferrol, occupy the Azores and intercept the spanish treasure fleet from the Americas. The Dutch are commanded by Duivenvoorde

June 20(?), 1597 - Sandwich - The fleet sails to Weymouth to take more troops aboard

July 10, 1597 - Weymouth - Essex, Sir Thomas Howard and Walter Raleigh set sail to destroy the spanish fleet at Ferrol, to occupy the Azores and to intercept the spanish treasure fleet from the Americas. The Dutch are commanded by Jacob van Duvenvoorde. They encounter heavy winds that make the squadrons break away from one another. Raleigh presses on to Finisterre

July 14, 1597 - Finisterre (France, Galicia?) - A gale almost sinks Raleigh's ships

July 18, 1597 - Plymouth - Raleigh is forced to sail fast to Plymouth with his ships damaged by the weather

August 17, 1597 - Plymouth - All the squadrons set sail together for Ferrol

August 23, 1597 - Off Cape Ortegal, near Corunna, NW Spain - The fleet is caught by another storm and is badly mauled. With the wind making an attack on Ferrol impossible, the separated squadrons decide to converge on the Azores to intercept the Plate Fleet

September 15, 1597 - Off Flores Island, Azores - Raleigh arrives off Flores Island and rejoins the Earl of Essex (who had arrived 10 days earlier)

September 16(?), 1597 - Off Flores Island, Azores - A council of war is assembled. It is decided that the fleet should spread out and cover the central group of the Azores by squadrons: Mountjoy and Blount to the east, off St.Michael Island, Thomas Howard and Vere watching the powerfully fortified island of Terceira in the North, Raleigh and Essex cruising off fortified Fayal on the west, with the dutch south of Fayal

September 28, 1597 - Horta Bay, Faial Island, Azores - Raleigh anchors at Horta Bay, waiting for Essex

October 1, 1597 - Horta Bay, Faial Island - After waiting for 4 days, running low on water and supplies, Raleigh's forces disembark near Horta to take on fresh water. They are received by gunfire from the entrenched residents, who sink two English ships. Nevertheless, 260 men disembark and advance over Horta after defeating the opposition. Although Raleigh gives orders to his soldiers that there should be no looting, it isn't possible to control them, which leas to acts of vandalism, indiscriminate theft of houses and the desecration of churches. Four of them are burnt to the ground after all valuables are stolen

October 4, 1597 - Horta Bay, Faial Island - The Earl of Essex arrives at Horta Bay and begins landing troops. He strongly criticizes Walter Raleigh's initiative of not waiting for his ships as agreed, accusing him of indiscipline, disobedience and excessive ambition for his personal glory, which causes major disruptions to the command line and makes the first objectives of the expedition unfeasable

October 5, 1597 - Horta Bay, Faial Island - With Faial in ashes, it could no longer be the permanent base that the english were looking for and they sail for Graciosa Island

October 17, 1597 - Off Faial Island, Azores - While cruising off Faial Island, Raleigh catches sight of an old Portuguese ship accompanied by a caravel. He tries to intercept it but the Portuguese manage to run it aground and save themselves, setting it on fire. Raleigh captures the caravel, but because it is also so old, he sets it on fire, setting sail for St.Michael Island to rejoin Essex and Thomas Howard

November(?) 1(?), 1597 - Plymouth(?) - Returns to England

January(?) 1(?), 1598 - Sherborne, Dorsetshire - Recess at Sherborne

February 9, 1598 - Westminster, London - Parliament session

July 1(?), 1600 - Ostende, Flanders - Accompanies Lord Cobham to Flanders

September 1(?), 1600 - Weymouth - Raleigh is made Governor of Jersey

October 1(?), 1600 - Jersey - Arrives in Jersey

July 14, 1601 - Raleigh finds that he had once again not been made a Privy Councillor, despite Essex's removal

September 7, 1601 - Crosby House, London - Letter to Sir Robert Cecil

Raleigh and his son, 1602

January(?) 1(?), 1602 - Raleigh sends two ships and a pinnace under Captain Samuel Mace to renew trade with North America

July 8(?), 1602 - Weymouth - Raleigh meets captains Bartholomew Gosnold, Bartholomew
Gilbert and John Brereton, at their arrival from an expedition to New England

May 31, 1603 - Durham House, London - Raleigh is given notice to leave Durham House

July 19, 1603 - Tower of London - Raleigh is charged with treason for his involvement in the Main Plot agains James I, and imprisoned in the Tower of London

September 20, 1604 - Tower of London - Raleigh has a stroke or paralysis. A doctor visits him and diagnoses "palsy"

March 1(?), 1606 - While in the Tower of London - A doctor recommends that Raleigh be moved to a "little room which he hath built in the garden adjoining to his still house (Laboratory)"

March 19, 1616 - Tower of London - Raleigh is "enlarged out of the Tower, and to go his journey to Guiana, but remains unpardoned until his return"

March 27, 1616 - Woolwich - Phineas Pett receives 500 pounds from Sir Walter Raleigh to build a 500-tons ship

December 1(?), 1616 - Woolwich - The "Destiny", Raleigh's new ship, is finished and launched

March 19, 1617 - Leigh-on-Sea, Essex - Letter from Leigh-on-Sea, while he was sorting out supplies and trying to get the "Thunder" away to join the rest of his fleet, waiting at the Isle of Wight

June 12, 1617 - Plymouth - Raleigh departs with 7 ships and 3 pinnaces for his second voyage to "Guyana"

June 25, 1617 - South of Ireland - Raleigh runs into storms south of Ireland and looses a pinnace, before seeking a safe harbour

August 19, 1617 - Cork, Ireland - Raleigh finally sets sail from Ireland

September 6, 1617 - Lanzerote, Canary Islands - Raleigh reaches the Canary Islands

September 10(?), 1617 - La Gomera, Canary Islands - Sails to La Gomera, where they are offered "oranges, lemons, quinces and pomegranates" from a countess of "an english race"

September 21, 1617 - La Gomera - Raleigh sails from La Gomera

September 24, 1617 - On the way to Cape Verde - On September 24th, 50 men were ill

September 26, 1617 - On the way to Cape Verde - Two days later, the number of sick men was 60

September 29, 1617 - Off Brava Island, Cape Verde - The surgeon, the sail-maker and one of the quartermasters die. On the same night, another pinnace sinks with all men asleep

November 1, 1617 - Atlantic Ocean (10 days from Venezuela) - Raleigh falls ill and is confined to bed

November 11, 1617 - Oyapok River, Brazil-French Guiana border - Raleigh reaches the mouth of the Oyapok River, after a difficult voyage in continuous rain and storms

November 14, 1617 - Mouth of Cayenne River, Cayenne, French Guiana - Letter to Bess Throckmorton: "To tell you that I might be here King of the Indians were a vanity: but my name hath still lived among them. Here they feed me with fresh meat, and all that the country yields; all offer to obey me." He also tells writes her with "a weak hand, for I have suffered the most violent calenture, for fifteen days, that ever man did, and lived: but God that gave me a strong heart in all my adversities, hath also now strengthened it in the hell-fire of heat."

December 10, 1617 - Mouth of Orinoco River - Raleigh sends Lawrence Kemys with 400 men (including his son Wat) up the Orinoco River in five small draft boats with supplies for a month

December 17, 1617 - Point Icacos, SW tip of Trinidad - Diary: "we came to anchor at Puncto Gallo, where we stayed, taking water, fish, and some Armadillos, refreshing our men with palmetto, Guiavas, piniorellas, and other fruit of the country, till the last of December. In sailing by the south coast of Trinidad I saw in one day, to wit, the 16th of December, 15 rainbows and 2 wind gales, and one of the rainbows brought both ends together at the stern of the ship, making a perfect circle, which I never saw before, nor any man in my ship had seen the like"

December 31, 1617 - Point Icacos - Raleigh weighs anchor and sails to Port of Spain

January 1(?), 1618 - While sailing to Port of Spain - Lawrence Kemys leads an attack on the Spanish outpost of San Thome de Guayana on the Orinoco River, against Raleigh's orders, and in violation of peace treaties signed by the King, James I, with Spain. Raleigh's son Wat was killed during the attack. A condition of Raleigh's release from the Tower of London in 1616 to undertake his mission to Guiana in search of gold deposits and the legendary city of El Dorado had been that he not attack or harass Spanish colonies or shipping. As Raleigh had been under a suspended death sentence for treason since 1603, the fact that men under his command had violated this order meant that James I would have had little option but to enforce this earlier sentence.

January 19, 1618 - Off Port of Spain, Trinidad - Diary: "we sent up Sir J. Feme’s ship to the Spanish port, to try if they would trade for tobacco and other things; but when her boat was near the shore, while they on the land were in parley with Captain Giles, who had charge of the boat, the Spaniards gave them a volley of some 20 muskets at 40 paces distant, and yet hurt never a man. As our boat put off, they called our men thieves and traitors, with all manner of opprobrious speeches"

January 31, 1618 - Mouth of Orinoco River, Venezuela - Returns to the Mouth of Orinoco River to meet the return party

March 2, 1618 - Mouth of Orinoco River - Kemys rejoins Raleigh, who is informed of the incident at San Thome and his son's death

March 25(?), 1618 - Mouth of Orinoco River - The remaining ships desert Raleigh and he decides to take the "Destiny" back to England

June 21, 1618 - Plymouth, England - The "Destiny" arrives at Plymouth

July 20(?), 1618 - Ashburton, Devon - Lewis Stuckley finds Raleigh at Ashburton with orders to arrest him and take him to London

July 25, 1618 - Plymouth - Passing by Plymouth on the way to London

July 27, 1618 - Salisbury, England - Stuckley and Raleigh reach Salisbury

August 1, 1618 - Salisbury - Stuckley and Raleigh continue to London

August 7, 1618 - London - Stuckley and Raleigh arrive in London

August 9, 1618 - River Thames, London - Raleigh attempts to escape but is arrested again at Greenwich and sent to the Tower of London

October 29, 1618 - Old Palace Yard, Palace of Westminster - Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded in the Old Palace Yard at the Palace of Westminster, aged 65 =(END)

March 15, 2021 - Work in progress. Due to unavoidable work commitments, I will finish this small Elizabethan project" in the next few days, together with the timeline of Martin Frobisher