Thomas Cavendish | Timeline

Sir Thomas Cavendish (19 September 1560 – 1 July 1592) was an English explorer and a privateer known as "The Navigator" because he was the first who deliberately tried to emulate Sir Francis Drake and raid the Spanish towns and ships in the Pacific and return by circumnavigating the globe. While members of Magellan's, Loaisa's, Drake's, and Loyola's expeditions had preceded Cavendish in circumnavigating the globe, it had not been their intent at the outset. His first trip and successful circumnavigation made him rich from captured Spanish gold, silk and treasure from the Pacific and the Philippines. His richest prize was the captured 600 ton sailing ship the Manila Galleon Santa Ana (also called Santa Anna). He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England after his return. He later set out for a second raiding and circumnavigation trip but was not as fortunate and died at sea at the age of 31. (Intro from Wikipedia + updated dates)

September 15, 1560 - Trimley St-Martin, Ipswich - Thomas Cavendish is born

October(?) 1(?), 1572 - Nettleshead, Suffolk - 12-year-old Cavendish inherits a fortune from his father's estate. He and his mother go living with Lord Wentworth at Nettleshead, Suffolk

October(?) 1(?), 1575 - Cambridge - 15-year-old Cavendish enters Corpus Christi College

October(?) 1(?), 1577 - Nettleshead, Suffolk(?) - 17-year-old Cavendish leaves College and spends the next 8 years in luxurious living
January(?) 1(?), 1584 - London - Becomes a member of Parliament for Shaftesbury, Dorset =(START)

April 9, 1585 - Plymouth - Cavendish departs to Virginia in the second expedition organized by Walter Raleigh. Sir Richard Grenville in command with 600 settlers, five main ships: "Tyger" (Grenville), "Roebucke" (John Clark), "Lyon" (George Raymond), "Elizabeth", and "Dorothie". Indians "Manteo" and "Wanchese" were part of the crew. (We're not sure in which ship Cavendish was on. We follow Admiral Grenville's "Tyger" on the principle that Cavendish was on board).
April 12(?), 1585 - Off the Coast of Portugal - A severe storm separates Grenville's "Tyger" from the rest of the fleet
April 14, 1585 - Off Lanzarote, Canary Islands - The "Tyger" sails past the Canary Islands
May 7, 1585 - Dominica - Grenville reaches Dominica
May 12, 1585 - Guayanilla Bay, SW Puerto Rico - Grenville arrives alone in Puerto Rico and anchors in the "Baye of Muskito" (Guayanilla Bay). He gives orders to build a small fort
May 29, 1585 - Guayanilla Bay, SW Puerto Rico - Grenville, tired of waiting for the remaining ships, sets fire to the fort and loots two spanish ships before leaving Puerto Rico
June 1, 1585 - La Isabela, Hispaniola (N. Dominican Republic) - The "Tyger" anchors in the port of La Isabela. Grenville invites the inhabitants to to aboard the ship.
June 3, 1585 - La Isabela, Hispaniola (N. Dominican Republic) - Grenville invites the spanish governor to have dinner aboard the "Tyger". With this gesture, Grenville is able to get all sorts of supplies to their planned settlement
June 7, 1585 - La Isabela, Hispaniola (N. Dominican Republic) - Grenville departs to Virginia, via Bahamas
June 9, 1585 - Caicos Island, Turks & Caicos - Grenville anchors at Caicos Island and lands to search for salt ponds
June 16, 1585 - (While off Northern Bahamas) - The "Lyon", the "Roebucke" and the "Dorothie" arrive at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. 30 men from the "Lyon" land on Croaton Island to wait for the other ships of Raleigh's expedition. Captain George Raymond decides to proceed to Newfoundland for privateering, leaving the other two ships waiting for Grenville.
June 20, 1585 - Coast of Florida - Sailing along the Coast of Florida
June 23, 1585 - Cape Fear, S. of Wilmington, North Carolina - The "Tyger" is close to being wrecked at the shoals of Cape Fear
June 26, 1585 - Ocracoke Island, North Carolina - Grenville reaches Ocracoke Island.
He reunites with the "Roebucke" and the "Dorothie"
June 29, 1585 - Ocracoke Inlet, North Carolina - Grenville sails through Ocracoke Inlet, but the "Tyger" strikes a shoal, ruining most of the food supplies. The ship has to be repaired
July 3, 1585 - Roanoke Island, North Carolina - Grenville sends a small company with Wanchese to inform king Wingino of their arrival. Unlike "Manteo", who was well adapted to the english, "Wanchese" never agreed to be taken to England and as the chance arrives, chases away the english company and informs his tribe that the english are not trustworthy
July 5(?), 1585 - Ocracoke Inlet - Grenville reunites with "Roebucke" and "Dorothie", which had arrived in the Outer Banks with "Lyon" some weeks previous. "Lyon" had dropped off its passengers and left for Newfoundland for privateering
July 6, 1585 - Hatteras (Croatoan) Island, North Carolina - Grenville sends "Manteo" with John Arundel to Croatoan Island, where they find the men that disembarked from the "Lyon"
July 11, 1585 - Mainland North Carolina - Grenville, "Manteo" and 60 men begin exploring the mainland
July 12, 1585 - Pomeiooc (Indian village) - Visit to Pemiacum, an indian chief who was enemy of Wingino. John White makes watercolor sketches of the village
July 13, 1585 - Aquascogoc (indian village) - Visit to the village of Aquascogoc
July 15, 1585 - Secotan (indian village) - Visit to the village of Secotan, enemies of Aquascogoc
July 16, 1585 - Aquascogoc (indian village) - Grenville sends Phillip Amadas to Aquascogoc to recover a silver cup the indians had stolen from a group of explorers / colonists. Not inclined to return the cup to the english, Grenville chases away the inhabitants, burns the village of Aquascogoc and the corn crops
July 21, 1585 - Dasamonquepeuc, Roanoke Island, North Carolina - Grenville sails north to Roanoke Island and asks King Wingino's brother Granganimeo for permition to settle in the north of the island
July 27, 1585 - Hatoraske, Roanoke Island - Grenville sails to the north of the Island. Ralph Lane is appointed Governor of the new colony, sending letters to Richard Hakluyt and Phillip Sidney (Walsingham's son-in-law)
August 17, 1585 - Roanoke Island, North Carolina - 107 men disembark to establish a colony at the north end of the Island, and start building a fort
August 25, 1585 - Roanoke Island - Grenville sets sail to England for provisions, planning to return by Easter of 1586
August 31, 1585 - Off Bermuda - Grenville captures the spanish galleon "Santa Maria de San Vicente" (after a 3-day battle)
September 10, 1585 - North Atlantic Ocean - The "Tyger" and the "Santa Maria de San Vicente" (Grenville's) loose sight of each other during bad weather
October 1, 1585 - Falmouth, England - Grenville and Cavendish return to England
October 18, 1585 - Plymouth - Grenville takes the spanish prize to Plymouth
January(?) 1(?), 1586 - London - Member of Parliament for Wilton. Orders the building of a 120-tons ship with 18 cannons, to be named "Desire"
July 21, 1586 - Plymouth - Cavendish departs from Plymouth with 123 men in 3 ships, the "Desire" (120-tons, 18 cannons), the "Content" (60-tons, 10 cannons) and the "Hugh Gallant" (40-tons)
July 26, 1586 - Off Cape Finisterre, NW Spain - Cavendish gets involved in a 3-hour skirmish with 5 biscayne ships
August 1, 1586 - Off Fuerteventura, Canary Islands - Cavendish sails past the Canary Islands
August 7, 1586 - Coast of Rio de Oro, (Western Sahara) - Sailing along the Coast of Rio de Oro
August 13, 1586 - Cape Blanco (Ras Nouadhibou, Mauritania/Western Sahara) - Cavendish reaches Cape Blanco
August 15, 1586 - Latitude of Cape Verde - Reaches the latitude of Cape Verde
August 18, 1586 - Sierra Leone - Cavendish reaches Sierra Leone, in the Coast of Africa
August 23, 1586 - (South side) of Sierra Leone - Cavendish anchors "on the south side of Sierra Leone"
August 26, 1586 - (South side) of Sierra Leone - The ships anchor inside the harbour
August 29, 1586 - Sierra Leone - Cavendish captures a portuguese ship and attempts to burn a native village
September 6, 1586 - Off Sierra Leone - Cavendish begins crossing the Atlantic
November 1, 1586 - Ilhabela, São Paulo, Brazil - Cavendish arrives in Brazil
November 23, 1586 - Ilhabela, São Paulo - Cavendish sets sail to the south after they complete building a pinnace
December 17, 1586 - Puerto Deseado, Argentina - Cavendish sails into an estuary and names the harbour as Port Desire, after his flagship (Puerto Deseado/Desired Port in spanish)
December 28, 1586 - Puerto Deseado - Cavendish sails from puerto Deseado
December 30, 1586 - Island SE of Puerto Deseado, Argentina - The crew stops to kill penguins and salt them
January 2, 1587 - Cape E. of Rio Gallegos - Cavendish sails past a cape 51º south
January 6, 1587 - Mouth of the Strait of Magellan - Cavendish reaches the Strait of Magellan
January 7, 1587 - Strait of Magellan (narrowest part) - The expedition finds 24 starving spanish, remnants of an attempted settlement, south of that place
January 8, 1587 - Santa Magdalena Island, near Punta Arenas, Chile - In two hours, the crew kills and salts two barrelfuls of penguins for food
January 14, 1587 - Santa Magdalena Island - Cavendish continues voyage
January 21, 1587 - Muskle Cove, Strait of Magellan - After 6 days at Muskle Cove, Cavendish sails NW by W in the second half of the Strait
February 24, 1587 - Exit of the Strait of Magellan - Cavendish emerges from the Strait of Magellan into the Pacific Ocean
March 1, 1587 - South Chilean Coast - Cavendish runs into a storm. As the ships are pushed north, the "Hugh Gallant" is separated from the other two
March 15, 1587 - Santa María Island, SW of Talcahuano, Chile - The storm lasts 4 days, making it impossible for the men to sleep. On the 15th, the "Hugh Gallant" is reunited to the others, between Santa Maria Island and the mainland
March 16, 1587 - Santa María Island - The english land and the indians provide them with supplies from the spanish
March 19, 1587 - Concepción, Chile - Cavendish anchors at Concepción without going on land
March 30, 1587 - Quintero Bay, N. Valparaíso (Chile) - Arrival to Quintero Bay, in Valparaiso. Skirmishes with the Spanish leave twelve men dead. The spanish loose 24 men
April 5, 1587 - Quintero Bay, N. Valparaíso (Chile) - Cavendish leaves Quintero Bay
April 15, 1587 - Arica, Chile - Cavendish anchors at Arica. The friendly indians there supply the english
April 23, 1587 - Arica, Chile - Cavendish takes a barque loaded with wine
May 3, 1587 - Arica, Chile - Cavendish captures a large Spanish ship and four barques
May 14, 1587 - Pisco, Peru - Arrival at Pisco
May 17, 1587 - Pisco, Peru - Two spanish ships laden with food supplies are taken. The "Hugh Gallant" rejoins the other two ships
May 20, 1587 - Paita, N. of Peru - Cavendish enters the port of Paita and captures a barge, occupying the city
May 25, 1587 - Puná Island, Equador - Arrival at Puná Island where they find a good harbour nearby (Machala) and a ship at anchor, which they sink
June 2, 1587 - Machala, S. of Puná Island, Equador - During rest and careening, the english are attacked by Spaniards from Guayaquil, who kill 12 english. In retaliation, later in the day Cavendish sets fire to the island buildings
June 5, 1587 - Machala, S. of Puná Island, Equador - Cavendish leaves Puná Island after 11 days there
June 9, 1587 - The "Hugh Gallant" is sunk for shortage of men
July 9, 1587 - Coast of Guatemala - Cavendish captures two more ships (one on 10th)
July 12, 1587 - Line of the Equator - Cavendish sails past the Line of the Equator
July 26, 1587 - Mouth of the Copalita River, Oaxaca, Mexico - Cavendish anchors at the mouth of River Copalita to load fresh water. On the same night they depart aboard a pinnace and row to Huatulco
July 27, 1587 - Huatulco, SE Acapulco - Arrival to Huatulco aboard the pinnace. Cavendish plunders a ship and burns the town
July 29, 1587 - Huatulco - The ships are brought from Copalita to load water at Huatulco
August 2, 1587 - Huatulco - After replenishing his ships, Cavendish departs, decided to sail directly to the Philippines
August 24, 1587 - Barra de Navidad, Mexico - Cavendish lands at Barra de Navidad, after overslipping Acapulco
September 8, 1587 - Chacala, N. of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico - Cavendish reaches Chacala
September 10, 1587 - Chacala - Cavendish continues voyage after loading fresh fruits
September 24, 1587 - Mazatlán, Mexico - Cavendish reaches Mazatlán, an area rich in fish and fruits
September 27, 1587 - Island de Venados(?), Mazatlán - Reaches the Gulf of California and puts in at an island above Mazatlán to careen the ships
October 9, 1587 - Island of Venados(?) - Departs at night to Cape San Lucas
October 14, 1587 - Cape San Lucas, Baja California - Arrival at Cape San Lucas. Cavendish starts patrolling the area looking for the spanish ship he was told about in Mexico
November 4, 1587 - Cape San Lucas - Cavendish captures the "Santa Ana", a 600-ton Spanish ship coming from the Philippines. Two pilots (a portuguese and a spanish) familiar with the Philippines and Ladrones Island are taken
November 16, 1587 - Cape San Lucas - Cavendish leaves 180 Spanish captives ashore and empties the "Santa Ana", setting fire to the ship
November 17, 1587 - Cape San Lucas - Cavendish begins the Pacific crossing. The "Content" begins slowing down and looses contact, later disappearing. Meanwhile, "Santa Ana" drifts onto the coast where the spanish extinguish the flames and take the ship to Acapulco. 
January 3, 1588 - Guam, Ladrones Islands (Marianas) - Cavendish reaches the Ladrones Islands. There he trades iron tools for fresh supplies, water and wood
January 14, 1588 - Cape Spiritu Santo, NE Samar Island, Philippines - Cavendish reaches the Philippines
January 15, 1588 - Capul, Philippines - Arrival to the small island of Capul, in the Philippines
January 16, 1588 - Capul - The portuguese pilot catches the spanish pilot smuggling a letter to spanish authorities and reports him to Cavendish. The spanish pilot is hanged
January 23, 1588 - Capul - Taken for a Spaniard, Cavendish manages to load all kinds of supplies
January 28, 1588 - Off Manila - Cavendish takes another ship and hangs the Spanish traitor pilot
February 8, 1588 - Off Gilolo (Halmahera) Island, Maluku Islands - Cavendish sails past Gilolo (Halmahera) Island without stopping
February 14, 1588 - W. of Banda - Sailing west past the Islands of Banda
March 5, 1588 - E. Island of Java - Cavendish, eager to return to England, arrives on the island of Java. There, he finds a couple of portuguese who were told by the spanish that their king was dead. They rejoice when Cavendish tells them that their king is very much alive and in England
March 16, 1588 - E. Island of Java - After 11 days of socializing with the Portuguese on the Island, Cavendish sails again
May 11, 1588 - Coast of Eastern South Africa - The Coast of Eastern South Africa is sighted after sailing through a storm all day and night of 10th
May 16, 1588 - Cape of Good Hope - Cavendish rounds the Cape of Good Hope
June 9, 1588 - St.Helena Island - Cavendish arrives to St. Helena Island - stays for 11 days
June 20, 1588 - St.Helena Island - After loading wood and water, Cavendish sets sail to England
July 3, 1588 - Line of the Equator - Cavendish crosses the Line of the Equator
August 24, 1588 - Off Corvo and Flores Islands, Azores - The Western group of Islands of the Azores are sighted
September 3, 1588 - Off Lisbon, Portugal - Off Lisbon, a Flemish ship gives the news of the english victory over the Spanish Armada
September 9, 1588 - Plymouth, England - Cavendish arrives at Plymouth, still facing the same storm that hit the Spanish Armada
May 18, 1590 - Mortlake, London - Thomas Cavendish visits John Dee
August(?) 1(?), 1591 - Southampton(?) - Admitted a free burgess of Southampton
August 26, 1591 - Plymouth - Cavendish departs in another expedition of 5 ships, himself as admiral on the "Leicester Galleon". John Davis is the master of the "Desire". Other ships were the "Roebucke" (John Cocke), "Black Pinnace" (Tobias Parris) and the "Daintie"
October(?) 2(?), 1591 - Line of the Equator - Cavendish is 27 days without wind on the Line of the Equator!
November 29, 1591 - On the way to Rio de Janeiro - Cavendish loots a portuguese slaveship loaded with supplies from Pernambuco to River Plate
December 5, 1591 - Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, near Rio de Janeiro - The english, sick and starving, are forced to plunder some colonist and indian houses
December 16, 1591 - Santos, São Paulo, Brazil - Frustrated attack on Santos
December 25, 1591 - Santos - Cavendish storms the town of Santos and remains there for two months
February 1(?), 1592 - São Vicente (near Santos) - The english attack São Vicente and burn some sugar mills
February 8, 1592 - Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil - Cavendish attacks the Bay of Vitória and is repelled with many casualties
March(?) 1(?), 1592 - On the way to Magellan Strait - The expedition is caught in a storm and is scattered
March 6, 1592 - Puerto Deseado, Argentina - The first ships arrive at Puerto Deseado, a planned meeting point
March 31(?), 1592 - Puerto Deseado, Argentina - Cavendish sets sail for Magellan Strait
April 8, 1592 - Mouth of the Strait of Magellan - Arrival to the Strait of Magellan
April 14, 1592 - Beginning of the Strait of Magellan - Cavendish enters the strait and finds bad weather and ice
May(?) 12(?), 1592 - Cove at the beginning of the Strait of Magellan - After 4 weeks sheltered in a cove, Cavendish asks John Davis for advice
May(?) 15(?), 1592 - Mouth of the Strait of Magellan - After discussing their situation, Cavendish takes his idea forward and they depart for the "Cape"
May(?) 17(?), 1592 - Southern Coast of Argentina - Shortly after leaving the Strait and steer to Santos, Brazil, they face more storms!
May 20, 1592 - (While off the Coast of Argentina) - The "Desire" and the "Black Pinnace" loose touch with the other ships and put into Puerto Deseado to wait for Cavendish
June(?) 1(?), 1592 - Bay south of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Cavendish arrives south of Rio de Janeiro and waits for Davis (in vain)
June(?) 15(?) - Off St.Helena Island - Cavendish is unable to reach St.Helena island in continuous adverse winds. A few hours from the island, he decides to head to England, in desperate need of new sails
July 1, 1592 - Off Ascension Island - Unable to find Ascencion island on his way to England, Cavendish dies, worn out with privations and disappointment, aged 31 =(END)

Bibliography
HAKLUYT, Richard - "Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation"

Peter II (Pedro II) of Brazil | Timeline

Dom(*) Pedro II (English: Peter II; 2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza. His father's abrupt abdication and departure to Europe in 1831 left the five year-old as Emperor and led to a grim and lonely childhood and adolescence, obliged to spend his time studying in preparation for rule. He knew only brief moments of happiness and encountered few friends of his age. His experiences with court intrigues and political disputes during this period greatly affected his later character; he grew into a man with a strong sense of duty and devotion toward his country and his people, yet increasingly resentful of his role as monarch. (Intro from Wikipedia)

(*) Dom / Dona / (D.) - a nobility title inherited from the portuguese monarchy, equivalent to the british "Sir"/"Dame"

December 2, 1825 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Dom Pedro II is born
December 9, 1825 - Rio de Janeiro - The Prince Royal is baptized "Dom Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Bragança e Bourbon"
August 6, 1826 - Rio de Janeiro - The 10-months old Prince is recognized as heir to the brazilian throne with the title of "Prince Imperial"
November 20, 1826 - Rio de Janeiro - Before departing to join his troops in Cisplatina (now Uruguay), Pedro I publicly humiliates Maria Leopoldina when during a farewell reception he demands that both Maria Leopoldina and his official mistress Domitila de Castro appear together before the ecclesiastical and diplomatic dignataries and receive his kiss on the hand. She refuses to appear at the reception so that the Emperor's mistress is not officially recognized. A bitter argument between Pedro I and Maria Leopoldina ensues
December 2, 1826 - Rio de Janeiro - Already weakened and sick, with spells of fever, Maria Leopoldina suffers a miscarriage
December 11, 1826 - Rio de Janeiro - Maria Leopolina of Austria dies of puerperal fever, aged 29
December 12, 1826 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Pedro is taken with his brothers to pay a last homage to his mother's body
February 1(?), 1830 - Córrego Seco, N of Rio de Janeiro - The Imperial family departs to the Mountains north of Rio de Janeiro
April 7, 1831 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - His father, Emperor Pedro I, abdicates the imperial crown of Brazil to his 5-year-old son and departs to the harbour to ask british and french sailors for asylum
April 9, 1831 - Rio de Janeiro - Pedro II and his governess Mariana de Verna Magalhães, pass by carriage through the Field of Santa Ana to attend a mass and is warmly acclaimed by the population. Since there were no guards, a peasant places the child Emperor on his shoulders and leads him to the Church
April 14, 1831 - Rio de Janeiro - Popular disquiet dissipates with the departure of Peter I. Peter II is acclaimed
May 2, 1831 - Rio de Janeiro - Debates of the National Legislative, for the choice of 3 regents that would govern in the name of D. Pedro II until he reaches the majority
June 17, 1831 - Rio de Janeiro - the refusal of the regents in office to recognize the right of the former emperor to appoint a tutor for D. Pedro II is endorsed by the House of Representatives
July 8, 1831 - Rio de Janeiro - José Bonifácio de Andrada is elected tutor of D. Pedro II
July 12, 1831 - Rio de Janeiro - Police and Army units mutiny
July 16, 1831 - Rio de Janeiro - A proposal for the removal of José Bonifácio is approved by the House of Representatives, but is rejected by the Senate by only one vote
March 11, 1832 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Letter from Pedro I: "The time when princes were respected only because they were princes has ended; in the century in which we are, in which the peoples feel being well informed of their rights, it's vital that princes also be and know that they are men, and not deities, and that it is indispensable to them to have many knowledge and good opinion so that they may be more loved than even respected; the respect of a free people for their leader must be born of the conviction that their chief is capable of bringing them to that degree of happiness to which they aspire, and thus not being, disgraced chief, disgraced people"
December 2, 1832 - Rio de Janeiro - He completes 7 years and, following the tradition of the Portuguese Court, he is removed from the control of his ladies and placed under the responsibility of a valet to guide his creation and supervise his education. José Bonifácio chooses for the position Francisco Maria Teles
January 16, 1833 - Rio de Janeiro - One of his older sisters, Princess Paula, dies of meningitis after 3 weeks of agony, aged 9
March 30(?), 1833 - Rio de Janeiro - José Bonifácio transfers the Emperor and the princes to the City Palace, fearing conspiracies
May 1(?), 1833 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - One of José Bonifácio's brothers departs to Europe with a petition signed by 8,000 people to bring back the former Emperor, Pedro I
August 1(?), 1833 - Rio de Janeiro - José Bonifacio decides to replace Mariana de Verna Magalhães as lady in charge of the rooms of the Emperor, by the Countess of Itapagipe
September 22, 1833 - Rio de Janeiro - José Bonifácio summons the Rio de Janeiro peace judges to the palace on an emergency basis, announcing that the regency intended to capture the emperor and his two sisters
October 1(?), 1833 - Rio de Janeiro - José Bonifácio dismisses Maria Antonia Verna Magalhaes - daughter of Mariana - as companion of Princess D. Francisca. News of the taking of Lisbon by the old Emperor make the Brazilians think that D.Pedro (I) will return
October 4, 1833 - Rio de Janeiro - The 8-year-old emperor feels ill after a dinner and gets to be unconscious for 5 hours. The situation is so worrying that the envoys from Austria and France are called to the Palace. However, when they arrive, the Emperor had already passed imminent danger of death.
December 5, 1833 - Rio de Janeiro - A multitude breaks the premises of the Military Society and destroys two presses that printed periodicals of support to the return of D. Pedro I and broke windows of the houses of those who were in favor of the cause
December 14, 1833 - Rio de Janeiro - The regents sign a decree suspending José Bonifácio de Andrada from his duties. The army "invites him" out of the Palace. He is replaced by the Marquis of Itanhaem. Francisco Maria Teles is dismissed from the function of emperor's valet, and the Countess of Itapagipe is replaced by D. Mariana, who is readmitted
August 12, 1834 - Rio de Janeiro - The council of state is abolished and the three regents are replaced by a single regent chosen by popular election for a mandate of 4 years. A Legislative Assembly is created in each province
September 24, 1834 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - His father, former emperor Pedro I (and king of Portugal as Pedro IV) dies, aged 35
October 1(?),1834 - Rio de Janeiro - The Marquis of Itanhaém organizes a private meeting with candidates for the Emperor's valet. The chosen one is Friar Pedro de Santa Mariana e Sousa, a Carmelite monk who had taught since 1813 at the Military Academy of Rio de Janeiro
November 20, 1834 - Rio de Janeiro - News of D.Pedro I's death arrive in Rio de Janeiro
December 2, 1834 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Pedro II and his sisters are informed of their father's death, due to tuberculosis
January 1(?), 1835 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Amerindian and mestizo masses rebel against the minority in power
March 2, 1835 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - His grandfather, Emperor Francis II of Austria, dies, aged 67
June 1(?), 1835 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Pedro II and his sisters are informed of their grandfather's death
September 1(?), 1835 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Revolt in Rio Grande do Sul led by separatists
October 12, 1835 - Rio de Janeiro - Diogo Antônio Feijó is elected Regent
May 1(?), 1837 - Rio de Janeiro - A Representative introduces a bill that would make the 11-year-old emperor emancipated and would set up a board to advise him until he turned 18. The lower house opposes the bill
September 14, 1837 - Rio de Janeiro - Feijó indicates Pedro de Araújo Lima as Minister of the Empire (Interior Minister)
September 18, 1837 - Rio de Janeiro - Feijó resigns as regent. Pedro Araújo Lima takes office temporarily
November 6, 1837 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - "Sabinada" Revolt erupts in the state of Bahia
December 2, 1837 - Rio de Janeiro - 12th anniversary of D.Pedro II. The pomp of the times of D.Pedro I and the tradition of the hand-kissing return
March 16, 1838 - Rio de Janeiro - Pedro de Araújo Lima is elected Regent. "Sabinada" revolt is finally repressed
October 7, 1838 - Rio de Janeiro - Pedro de Araújo Lima is installed in the position of Regent

15-year old Pedro II, 1840

December 13, 1838 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - "Balaiada" Revolt erupts in the State of Maranhão
January 1(?), 1839 - Rio de Janeiro - The Marquis of Itanhaém appoints Cândido José de Araújo Viana (spokesman of the House of Representatives) for the position of instructor of the Emperor, thus avoiding noxious influences if he brought an Italian nominated by Prince Metternich
April 18, 1839 - Rio de Janeiro - Vasconcelos and his colleagues finally resign
December 2, 1839 - Rio de Janeiro - 14th anniversary, celebrated with pomp and great public enthusiasm
March 1(?), 1840 - Rio de Janeiro - Becomes the first brazilian photographer when he acquires a daguerreotype camera
March 23, 1840 - Rio de Janeiro - Suffers a severe epileptic seizure
April 14, 1840 - Rio de Janeiro - New epileptic seizure, but less serious
July 22, 1840 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Pedro II is visited by the Regent and by a delegation of the Senate. The proposals on the agenda were as follows: To give him adulthood on his fifteenth birthday, or immediately. The young Emperor says: I want it now!
July 23, 1840 - Rio de Janeiro - The General Assembly formally declares 14-year-old Pedro II of age. The brazilian people is euphoric!
July 18, 1841 - Rio de Janeiro - Pedro II is acclaimed, crowned and consecrated. He frees 20 slave-musicians on the spot and authorizes the creation of an hospital with his name =(START)
May 1, 1842 - Rio de Janeiro - After consulting the Council of State, D. Pedro II dissolves the Parliament. The consequence is that three rebellions erupt in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais
July 23, 1842 - Rio de Janeiro - The nuptial agreement arrives in Rio de Janeiro with the portrait of his future wife
March 16, 1843 - Rio de Janeiro - Signs an imperial decree ordering the construction of a settlement (Petrópolis  - to be formed with the arrival of German immigrants) and the construction of the dreamy summer palace on his outlying lands
March 27, 1843 - Rio de Janeiro - 24-year-old Prince of Joinville, youngest son of King Louis Philippe of France, arrives at Rio de Janeiro to evaluate Princess Francisca
April 2, 1843 - Rio de Janeiro - Picnic in the Botanical Garden with the Prince of Joinville, who begins to take interest in Princess Francisca
April 12, 1843 - Rio de Janeiro - Announcement of the marriage between the Prince of Joinville and Princess Francisca
May 13, 1843 - Rio de Janeiro - After a private wedding in early May, the Prince of Joinville and Princess Francisca leave for France
May 30, 1843 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Pedro II and Princess Teresa Cristina of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies are married by proxy in Naples
September 3, 1843 - Rio de Janeiro - The squadron bringing Princess Teresa Cristina arrives in Rio de Janeiro. The Princess, bringing her brother, the Count of Aquila, with her, visibly does not please the Emperor
September 4, 1843 - Rio de Janeiro - Nuptial Mass, with the ratification of the vows previously taken by proxy and the conferral of the nuptial blessing
October 1, 1843 - Rio de Janeiro - The Count of Aquila departs from Rio de Janeiro
December 2, 1843 - Rio de Janeiro - D.Pedro II reaches adulthood
February 2, 1844 - Rio de Janeiro - The new Cabinet is named
April 8, 1844 - Rio de Janeiro - The Count of Aquila lands again in Rio
May 24, 1844 - Rio de Janeiro - The House of Representatives is dissolved and elections are scheduled for September
September 4, 1844 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Januária and the Count of Aquila are no longer invited to the gala celebrations of the first anniversary of the imperial wedding
October 23, 1844 - Rio de Janeiro - Princess Januaria and the Count of Aquila depart from Rio de Janeiro
February 23, 1845 - Rio de Janeiro - Prince Afonso is born
March 1, 1845 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - The Baron of Caxias puts an end to the separatist revolt
May 1(?), 1845 - Córrego Seco, N of Rio de Janeiro - The cornerstone of the new summer palace is layed by the Emperor
June 13, 1845 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - The first of 13 ships carrying 2,338 german emmigrants from the port of Dunkerque, arrives in Niterói
June 29, 1845 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - The first german settlers from the Rhine begin arriving at Petrópolis
August 9, 1845 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Aberdeen Act - "An Act to carry into execution a Convention between Queen Victoria and the Emperor of Brazil, for the regulation and final abolition of the African Slave Trade" - The act gave the Royal Navy authority to stop and search any brazilian ship suspected of being a slave ship on the high seas, and to arrest slave traders caught on these ships - It provokes outrage in Brazil
October 1(?), 1845 - Rio de Janeiro - D.Pedro II is informed that 400 german families are settled in Petrópolis
October 6, 1845 - Rio de Janeiro - The imperial couple leaves for the south of the Country
October 12, 1845 - Desterro (Florianópolis, Brazil) - The imperial couple arrives at Desterro (Florianópolis)
October 29, 1845 - Caldas do Cubatão, Brazil - Visit to Caldas do Cubatão
November 7, 1845 - (While in Desterro) - The last of 13 ships carrying 2,338 german emmigrants from the port of Dunkerque, arrives in Niterói
November 8, 1845 - Desterro (Florianópolis) - D.Pedro II leaves for Rio Grande do Sul after 27 days in Santa Catarina
December 25, 1845 - (While in south of Brazil) - The Master-Chamberlain(*) is appointed Minister of Brazil in St. Petersburg, Russia ((*)literally "High-Butler", was the first official of the Imperial brazilian House, being responsible for its administration and oversight of all other officers)
April 26, 1846 - Rio de Janeiro - The imperial couple return to Rio de Janeiro after six months
July 29, 1846 - Rio de Janeiro - Princess Isabel is born
April 11, 1847 - Campos de Goytacazes, Brazil - D.Pedro participates in a ball
June 11, 1847 - Rio de Janeiro - Prince Afonso dies, aged 2 years old
July 13, 1847 - Rio de Janeiro - Princess Leopoldina is born
July 23, 1847 - Rio de Janeiro - Creation, by decree, of the post of President of the Council of Ministers
February 17, 1848 - Viscount of Baependi's farm, Santa Mónica Farm - Letter to D.Teresa Cristina in Petrópolis
July 19, 1848 - Rio de Janeiro - Prince Pedro is born
August 30, 1848 - Rio de Janeiro - Rumors circulate about the involvement of D. Pedro with the widow Maria Leopoldina Navarro de Andrade
September 29, 1848 - Rio de Janeiro - D.Pedro names a new conservative Cabinet
February 2, 1849 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - The rebels attack Recife
December 15, 1849 - Rio de Janeiro - D.Pedro II participates for the first time in the meetings of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute

D.Pedro II, 1850

January 10, 1850 - Rio de Janeiro - Prince Pedro dies, aged 17 months old
January 27, 1850 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to D.Fernando, King Consort of Portugal
September 4, 1850 - Rio de Janeiro - The Eusébio de Queirós Law is promulgated, which gives the brazilian government abroad authority to combat the illegal slave trade
December 15(?), 1850 - Petrópolis, Brazil - The imperial family goes to Petrópolis during an outbreak of Yellow Fever on the Brazilian coast
September 13, 1852 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to Queen Maria II of Portugal
February 22, 1853 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to Ferdinand, King regent of Portugal, informing him that he was about to visit Portugal
July 29, 1853 - Rio de Janeiro - Attends Gaetano Donizetti's "Linda di Chamounix"
September 13, 1853 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to D.Fernando, King regent of Portugal
December 2, 1853 - Rio de Janeiro - Attends Giuseppe Verdi's "Nabucodonosor"
February 25, 1855 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to Ferdinand, King regent of Portugal
March 11, 1855 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to Ferdinand, King regent of Portugal
June 30, 1855 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro - Letter to Ferdinand, King regent of Portugal
September 8, 1855 - Niterói - D. Pedro II crosses Guanabara Bay for a two-day visit to Niterói
September 13, 1855 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to Ferdinand, King regent of Portugal
September 27, 1855 - Rio de Janeiro - Inspection and encouragement visits to cholera hospitals in Rio, when the epidemic reached the peak of mortality
August 30(?), 1856 - Rio de Janeiro - The Countess of Barral arrives in Rio de Janeiro to take up her new duties (begins at the beginning of September)

D.Pedro II, D.Teresa Cristina
and Princesses, 1857

September 11, 1859 - Rio de Janeiro - Speach from the throne, in which D. Pedro II promises the Chamber to visit the north of the country
October 1, 1859 - Rio de Janeiro - Pedro II departs on a trip to provinces in the Northeast of Brazil aboard the steamer "Apa", escorted by the frigate "Amazonas", the (corvette) Paraense and the gunboat "Belmonte"
October 6, 1859 - Salvador - Arrival at Salvador
October 26, 1859 - Salvador - Returns to Salvador
November 19, 1859 - Salvador - Departs to Recife
November 22, 1859 - Recife, Brazil - Arrival at Recife
November 24, 1859 - Recife - Departs to Paraíba
January 26, 1860 - Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil - Arrives to Espírito Santo, coming from Alagoas and Sergipe
February 11, 1860 - Rio de Janeiro - Pedro II returns after four months
July 29, 1860 - Rio de Janeiro - 14th anniversary of D. Isabel - oath as legitimate heir to the throne, at a ceremony in the Senate Chamber
March 2, 1861 - Rio de Janeiro - Pedro II asks Caxias to head a new Cabinet
January 1, 1862 - Rio de Janeiro - Diary: "I am not a partisan of capital punishment, but the state of our society still does not dispense it, and it exists in the law, however, using one of the attributions of moderating power, I change it whenever circumstances permit, and for the better realization of this thought, the State Council's Justice Section is always heard on the appeals of grace, consulting with it in that regard. "The idea of the Section's consultation for this purpose was mine."
September 21, 1863 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Prince of Joinville to arrange marriages to his daughters
January 14, 1864 - Rio de Janeiro - Delivers the instructions to the new Cabinet, headed by Zacarias de Góis and Vasconcelos
May 1(?), 1864 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - The ministry headed by Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos sends a prominent politician on a special mission to Montevideo with a long list of Brazilian claims to be met
August 4, 1864 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - The Brazilian envoy, José António Saraiva, presents a Brazilian ultimatum in which either Uruguay immediately complied with the demands of his country or there would be a war
August 30, 1864 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Paraguay responds to the Brazilian ultimatum to Uruguay issuing its own ultimatum, which demanded that Brazil did not violate Uruguayan sovereignty
August 31, 1864 - Rio de Janeiro - After long resistance, D. Pedro II is obliged to appoint a Cabinet composed of radical liberals, fervent and expansionist nationalists. The new ministry, headed by Francisco José Furtado, took Lopez's action as an insult to national honor, an insult that could only be fought with blood.
September 1(?), 1864 - Rio de Janeiro - A serious crisis hits Rio's financial market, leading to the bankruptcy of many commercial companies and banks. At the same time, the situation in River Plate worsens. Refusing to submit to the demands made by the Brazilian government, Uruguay breaks diplomatic relations
September 14, 1864 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Brazilian army units cross the border and advance to Montevideo
October 12, 1864 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - The Paraguayan war begins
November 4, 1864 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to Princess D.Isabel
November 13, 1864 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - In solidarity with invaded Uruguay, Paraguay captures the Brazilian steamer "Marquês de Olinda" that was passing through Asunción, with the new President of Mato Grosso and his team aboard
December 24, 1864 - Rio de Janeiro - The imperial couple attends the graduation of Alfredo Taunay in D. Pedro II College
January 27, 1865 - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil declares WAR against Paraguay!
February 15, 1865 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - The president of Uruguay flees Montevideo
February 20, 1865 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - A convention negotiated by a Brazilian envoy causes the peaceful surrender of Montevideo to siege forces. A new Uruguayan regime, supported by Brazil, is then installed
March 19, 1865 - Rio de Janeiro - D.Pedro II becomes grandfather with the birth of Pedro Augusto, successor to the throne
March 30(?), 1865 - Rio de Janeiro - The Countess of Barral and her husband depart to France
June 11, 1865 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Naval Battle of Riachuelo, on the Paraná River, Province of Corrientes (Argentina) - Brazilian Vitoria
July 10, 1865 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Pedro II departs for the war front, accompanied by his son-in-law Augusto de Saxe-Coburgo-Gota, by the Minister of War, Ângelo Moniz da Silva Ferraz and by the Marquis de Caxias
August 3(?), 1865 - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - The imperial party reaches Porto Alegre
August 11, 1865 - Caçapava - The imperial party reaches Caçapava. The Count d'Eu, just arriving from Europe, joins the emperor
September 2, 1865 - Caçapava - Letter to the Empress, describing the socializing with both sons-in-law, the Count d'Eu and Augusto
September 11, 1865 - Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul - The imperial party reaches Uruguaiana, a town occupied by the paraguayan army and under siege by the allies
September 18, 1865 - Uruguaiana - The Paraguayan garrison surrenders
October 4, 1865 - Uruguaiana - Departs to Rio de Janeiro
October 26, 1865 - Pelotas - Letters to the Countess of Barral and D.Teresa Cristina
November 9, 1865 - Rio de Janeiro - D.Pedro II returns to Rio de Janeiro
March 23, 1866 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Countess of Barral
May 23, 1866 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Countess of Barral
May 24, 1866 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - A Paraguayan attack on Tuyutí is defeated
September 22, 1866 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Failure in the assault to the main fortress of Curupaití
May 22, 1867 - Rio de Janeiro - Speech at the opening session of the newly elected Chamber of Representatives: "The servile element in the Empire can not fail to merit your consideration in due time, provided that, respecting the current property, and without profound shock in our first industry - agriculture - the high interests attached to emancipation are met"
November 3, 1867 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Paraguayan counterattack in Tuyutí in which they are utterly defeated
February 19, 1868 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - A squadron of warships forces entry into the Paraguay River, passing by the Humaitá fort. On the same day, the Brazilian army captures a key stronghold north of Humaitá
July 18, 1868 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Pedro II signs a decree dissolving the Chamber of Representatives and ordering elections
July 25, 1868 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Fall of the fortress of Humaitá
January 5, 1869 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Caxias captures Asunción
February 20, 1869 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Count d'Eu, inviting him to take command of the Army
February 21, 1869 - Rio de Janeiro - The Marquis of Caxias and his wife visit the Emperor and the mutual resentment ends
March 22, 1869 - Rio de Janeiro - The Count d'Eu takes command of the Army
April 15, 1869 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - The Count d'Eu arrives in Asunción and begins reorganizing the troops
August 16, 1869 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Victory over the Paraguayans in Campo Grande

D.Pedro II e D. Isabel Cristina, 1870

March 1, 1870 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - López is surprised by a brazilian mobile column at Cerro Corá. In the ensuing fight, he dies. The Paraguayan war ends
April 29, 1870 - Navy Arsenal, Rio de Janeiro - The Count d'Eu returns to Rio de Janeiro and is received in delirium
May 6, 1870 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Pedro speaks in the Chamber of Representatives, without making reference to emancipation
July 4, 1870 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Brazil becomes the last country to maintain slavery, after Spain approves a draft law abolishing slavery
September 23, 1870 - Rio de Janeiro - The cabinet led by the Marquis of Itaboraí resigns
September 29, 1870 - Rio de Janeiro - D.Pedro passes the instructions to the new President of the Council, the Marquis of São Vicente
December 3, 1870 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - A Republican manifesto, signed by 56 people, is published
December 26, 1870 - Rio de Janeiro - The Marquis of São Vicente, discouraged, asks to be replaced and writes to the Viscount of Rio Branco with orders of the Emperor to return to Rio de Janeiro
February 7, 1871 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Princess Leopoldina dies in Vienna of typhoid fever, aged 23
February 20, 1871 - Rio de Janeiro - The Viscount of Rio Branco returns to Rio de Janeiro
March 10, 1871 - Rio de Janeiro - The Viscount of Rio Branco forms his Cabinet
March 23, 1871 - Petrópolis - Letter to Count d'Eu
May 1, 1871 - Rio de Janeiro - D.Isabel and her husband arrive in Rio de Janeiro.
May 17, 1871 - Rio de Janeiro - A draft law is approved, authorizing the Emperor to travel to Europe and recognizing D.Isabel as regent with all the powers of his father in his absence
May 25, 1871 - Rio de Janeiro - The Emperor and his wife depart to Europe aboard the steamer "Douro"
May 28, 1871 - Salvador, Bahia - The "Douro" arrives at Salvador, however, torrential rain frustrates a grand reception prepared for the Emperor. The steamer continues to Recife
May 30, 1871 - Recife, Brazil - The "Douro" arrives at Recife. D.Pedro II attends a public inauguration
June 6, 1871 - Off São Vicente, Cape Verde - The "Douro" passes Cape Verde on the way to Europe
June 12, 1871 - Lisbon, Portugal - The "Douro" arrives at Lisbon. Due to an outbreak of yellow fever in Rio de Janeiro, passengers have to be under quarentine for a few days while the ship is anchored in River Tagus. D.Pedro II starts receiving visiting officials and other important people aboard
June 18, 1871 - Lisbon - Pedro II is visited aboard the "Douro" by Alexandre Herculano, the leading portuguese historian and writer. At night, King Luis and his wife presented the visitors with a serenade which starts with the execution of the Brazilian Anthem and fireworks over the Tagus River
June 20, 1871 - Lisbon - Quarentine period ends and the imperial couple lands in Lisbon. Pedro II goes to Janelas Verdes Palace to see his stepmother Amélie of Leuchtenberg, which he had not seen for forty years. They both cry of happiness
June 22, 1871 - Badajoz, Spain - In Lisbon, the imperial couple boards a train to France. The first night is spent in Badajoz, Spain
June 26, 1871 - Spanish-French border - The Countess of Barral joins the imperial party
June 29, 1871 - London, England - The Imperial couple arrives in London
July 4, 1871 - Windsor Castle - The Brazilian imperial couple goes to Windsor Castle, where they are received by Queen Victoria
July 5, 1871 - London - Queen Victoria returns the visit and meets with the brazilian imperial couple in the Hotel Claridges
July 25, 1871 - Chester - Spends the night at the Queens Hotel in Chester
July 26, 1871 - Liverpool - Visit to Birkenhead Ironworks. Then proceeds to Liverpool
November 4, 1871 - Giza, Egypt - D.Pedro II visits the pyramids of Giza
November 9, 1871 - Mokattam, SE of Cairo, Egypt - Visit to the quarries of Mokattam
February 29, 1872 - Badajoz, Spain - The imperial couple and their entourage arrive by train to Badajoz, Spain
March 1, 1872 - Porto, Portugal - Arrives at Porto, via Elvas, Coimbra and Ovar
March 2, 1872 - São Miguel de Seide, Famalicão, Portugal - D.Pedro II visits portuguese romantic writer Camilo Castelo Branco. Then returns to Porto
March 3, 1872 - Braga, Portugal - Visit to Braga. Return to Porto at the end of the day
March 4, 1872 - Coimbra, Portugal - Visit to Coimbra. The Emperor is invited to the University of Coimbra
March 5, 1872 - Leiria, Portugal - Visit to Leiria, via Pombal
March 6, 1872 - Lisbon, Portugal - The Imperial Couple arrives in Lisbon at night, where King Luis was waiting. During the day, they visit Batalha Monastery, Alcobaça Abbey and the city of Caldas da Raínha
March 7, 1872 - Lisbon - Visit to Amélie de Leuchtenberg, his stepmother
March 9, 1872 - Sintra | Queluz, Portugal - Visit to Pena Palace and to Queluz Palace, where his father died
March 10, 1872 - Vale de Lobos Farm | Santarém - D.Pedro II takes a train to Santarém, then a carriage to Vale de Lobos farm, to pay a visit to Alexandre Herculano. Returns to Lisbon
March 12, 1872 - Mafra, Portugal - Visit to the Mafra Convent (King Luís appears)
March 13, 1872 - Lisbon - After having lunch with D.Fernando, D.Pedro II and his entourage board the english steamer "Boyne" and depart from Lisbon

Speech from the Throne, 1872

March 31, 1872 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil(?) - The imperial party returns to Brazil in triumph
June 3, 1872 - Rio de Janeiro - A russian squadron arrives in Rio de Janeiro with Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich aboard. D.Pedro II is entertained aboard the "Svetlana" by Alexei, and decorates the russian Grand Duke with the Imperial Orders of Dom Pedro I and of the Rose
June 9, 1872 - Rio de Janeiro - Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich departs from Brazil
January 3, 1873 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Count d'Eu, informing his son-in-law that he was about to visit Pope Pius IX
January 26, 1873 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Amélie of Leuchtenberg dies in Lisbon at the age of 61
February 18, 1874 - Petrópolis - Letter to D.Isabel, appealing her to have his grandson in Brazil
May 22, 1874 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to Mme. Frederica Planat de la Faye
June 23, 1874 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Isabel arrives in Rio de Janeiro a month before giving birth
July 24, 1874 - Rio de Janeiro - The new granddaughter of D. Pedro II is born dead
November 7, 1874 - Petrópolis, Brazil - Letter to the Count of Gobineau
June 25, 1875 - Rio de Janeiro - The Rio Branco Cabinet resigns after 4 years. The Duke of Caxias takes office
July 23, 1875 - Itú, São Paulo - Visit to Itú
March 25, 1876 - Rio de Janeiro - Delivers his daughter a counseling memorandum before his departure for the United States
March 26, 1876 - Rio de Janeiro - D.Pedro II departs to the United States aboard the steamer "Hervelius"
April 5, 1876 - Belém, Pará, Brazil - Stopover in at Belém, on the way to the United States
April 9, 1876 - Washington D.C. - Letter to the Countess of Barral
April 15, 1876 - New York City - Pedro II arrives in New York City and attends Shakespeare's "Henry V"
April 17, 1876 - New York City - Letter to the Countess of Barral
April 18, 1876 - New York City - D. Pedro II is received by young Teddy Roosevelt
April 19(?), 1876 - New Jersey - Crosses the Hudson river to New Jersey and departs to San Francisco by train
April 23, 1876 - Salt Lake City - Stops in Salt Lake City to attend a Catholic Mass and a Mormon cult
April 25(?), 1876 - San Francisco - D.Pedro II arrives in San Francisco
April 26, 1876 - San Francisco - Letter to the Countess of Barral
April 28(?), 1876 - San Francisco - D. Pedro II takes the train back to the East Coast
April 29, 1876 - Sacramento - Arrival at Sacramento by steamer. Passage through the Valley of Sacramento, producer of fruits and nuts
May 4, 1876 - Omaha, Nebraska - Arrival in Omaha, passing Grand Island at night. D. Pedro observes a large number of buffaloes
May 6, 1876 - Pittsburgh | Oil City - Visit to the Pennsylvania Oil Fields
May 8, 1876 - Washington D.C. - D.Pedro II arrives in Washington D.C. Visit to the Capitol and Meeting with President Ulysses S. Grant and General Sherman
May 10, 1876 - Philadelphia - D.Pedro II and his wife are guests of honor at the opening of the Centennial Exhibition of 1876, held in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park. The Emperor sets in motion the big Corliss steam engine that powered the Exposition's machines, along with President Ulysses S. Grant
May 11, 1876 - Philadelphia - Letter to the Countess of Barral
May 12, 1876 - Baltimore | Annapolis - Visits to Baltimore and the Naval Academy at Annapolis
May 15, 1876 - Cincinnati - Arrives at Cincinnati
June 2, 1876 - Washington D.C. - Letter to the Countess of Barral
June 8, 1876 - Boston - Arrival in Boston
June 21, 1876 - Philadelphia - Returns to Philadelphia (coming from Boston) to thoroughly visit the Centennial Exhibition for two weeks
June 25, 1876 - Philadelphia - D.Pedro II is part of the jury that honors the invention of the young teacher he had met in Boston - Alexander Graham Bell and his ... telephone
June 26, 1876 - Bethlehem - Visit to Bethlehem Iron Company
July 5, 1876 - Philadelphia | New York - Departs to New York
July 12, 1876 - New York City - Departs to Europe aboard the Cunard Steamer "Russia"
July 23, 1876 - Liverpool, England - The "Russia" arrives in Liverpool
July 24, 1876 - Manchester, England - D.Pedro II leaves for Manchester
July 30(?), 1876 - Frankfurt-am-Main - Meets Anne de Villeneuve
August 7, 1876 - Bad Gastein, Austria - Letter to Henri Gorceix
August 13, 1876 - Bayreuth - Attends the premiere of Wagner's "Das Rheingold" at Bayreuth Festspielhaus. In the same evening, he talks with Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner. Letter to D. Teresa Cristina
August 31, 1876 - Sankt Petersburg, Russia - D. Pedro II is received at the Academy of Sciences and University of St. Petersburg by the emeritus orientalist Elie Nicolaevitch Berezine
September 6, 1876 - Sankt Petersburg - The Emperor receives a commission from the Academy of Sciences and the University of St. Petersburg, which awards him the honorary diplomas of both institutions
September 11, 1876 - Odessa - Arrival in Odessa. Visit to the Sinagogue of Odessa
September 18, 1876 - Odessa - Departs by steamer to Istanbul
October 1, 1876 - Istanbul, Ottoman Empire - D.Pedro II arrives at Constantinople, where his wife and the countess of Barral were waiting for him
October 4, 1876 - Istanbul - Visit to Sultan Hamid II. Attends a cult at the Hagia Sophia
October 25, 1876 - Mycenae, Greece - D.Pedro II arrives from Corinth on horseback to visit the Archeological site of Mycenae
November 11, 1876 - Beirut, Lebanon - Arrives in Lebanon. Letter to the Countess of Barral, from aboard the ship "Aquila Imperiale"
November 14, 1876 - Baalbeck, Lebanon - Visit to the ruins of Baalbeck
November 15, 1876 - Baalbeck - Departs on horseback to Damascus
December 2, 1876 - Jerusalem - 51st Anniversary spent in Jerusalem - Takes communion in the Holy Sepulcher
December 18, 1876 - Karnak, Egypt - Visit to the temple of Karnak, Egypt
January 13, 1877 - Alexandria, Egypt - Conference at the Egyptian Institute of Alexandria
January 17, 1877 - Alexandria - D. Pedro II and entourage leave Egypt for Messina
February 12, 1877 - Naples, Italy - Letter to Arthur de Gobineau
April 19, 1877 - Paris, France - The Imperial entourage arrives in Paris
May 20, 1877 - Paris - D. Pedro II is installed as an "associé etranger" of the "Academie des Sciences"
May 22, 1877 - Paris - Personal visit to Victor Hugo
June 2, 1877 - Paris - Private audience to Anne de Villeneuve who wanted to complain about the Emperor's hostility to her husband
September 22, 1877 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Returns to Brazil
October 1, 1877 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Count of Gobineau
December 31, 1877 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Duke of Caxias
January 1, 1878 - Petrópolis - New Year with family in Petrópolis
January 5, 1878 - Rio de Janeiro - New President of the Council of Ministers - The Viscount of Sinimbu
October 11, 1879 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Countess of Barral
October 14, 1879 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Countess of Barral
November 13, 1879 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Countess of Barral
January 16, 1880 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Countess of Barral
February 28, 1880 - Petrópolis - Letter to the Countess of Barral
March 6, 1880 - Petrópolis - Letter to the Countess of Barral
March 28, 1880 - Rio de Janeiro - Formation of the New Cabinet, with José Antônio Saraiva as President of the Council of Ministers
April 5, 1880 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Countess of Barral
April 16, 1880 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Countess of Barral
June 22, 1880 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to the Countess of Barral
December 2, 1880 - Rio de Janeiro - 55 year old birthday. Letter to the Countess of Barral expressing her tiredness and sadness
January 8, 1881 - Rio de Janeiro - The Electoral Reform Law is approved
February 18, 1881 - Petrópolis - Letter to the Countess of Barral
January 17, 1882 - Rio de Janeiro - José António Saraiva resigns from his ministry
January 21, 1882 - Rio de Janeiro - New President of the Council of Ministers - Martinho Álvares da Silva Campos
March 14, 1882 - Rio de Janeiro - The jewels that the Empress and Princess wear at a court ceremony are stolen
July 3, 1882 - Rio de Janeiro - The Marquis of Paranaguá replaces Martinho Álvares da Silva Campos as President of the Council of Ministers
December 2, 1882 - Petrópolis(?) - Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed to him
May 24, 1883 - Rio de Janeiro - The President of the Council of Ministers, Marquis of Paranaguá is replaced by Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira
July 24, 1883 - Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro - Campos dos Goytacazes, in the province of Rio de Janeiro, is the first city in Brazil to have street lights.
September 30, 1883 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - Mossoró, in the province of Rio Grande do Norte, is the first city in Brazil to abolish slavery
December 28, 1883 - Petrópolis - D. Pedro II suffers a diabetes attack but recovers the next day
March 24, 1884 - Petrópolis - Letter to the Countess of Barral
May 7, 1884 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to Anne de Villeneuve
June 6, 1884 - Rio de Janeiro - A new abolitionist and liberal President of the Chamber of Representatives is appointed - Manuel Pinto de Sousa Dantas
July 28, 1884 - Rio de Janeiro - Meeting of the Dantas Cabinet. D. Pedro II is fiercely criticized and dubbed "The Great Conspirator." The president of the Council of Ministers asks for the dissolution of the Lower House and D.Pedro II acquiesces
December 30, 1884 - Petrópolis - Letter to the Countess of Barral
January 7, 1885 - Petrópolis - Letters to the Countess of Barral and Henri Gorceix (about a travel project for Pasteur)
January 14, 1885 - Petrópolis - Letter to the Countess of Barral
January 31, 1885 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to Henri Gorceix (about a travel project for Pasteur)
February 19, 1885 - Petrópolis - Letter to Henri Gorceix (about a travel project for Pasteur)
May 4, 1885 - Rio de Janeiro - Motion of no confidence in the House of Representatives. Minister Dantas is overthrown
May 23, 1885 - Rio de Janeiro - Letter to King Luis I of Portugal
September 28, 1885 - RIo de Janeiro - Sexagenarian Law, or Saraiva-Cotegipe Law, which frees slaves over the age of 60
August 20, 1885 - Rio de Janeiro - The Baron of Cogetipe is appointed President of the Chamber of Representatives
January 7, 1887 - Petrópolis - Letter to the Countess of Barral: "I reproved the public prisons to serve to keep slaves and said that it was up to the Lords to make sure they did not run away and to apply the punishments that the laws allow. The punishment of lashes has been abolished now
January 15, 1887 - Petrópolis - Grand Duke Alexander of Russia arrives at Petropolis (He was traveling around the world on the battleship "Rynka")
February 1, 1887 - Petrópolis - Letter to the Countess of Barral
February 26, 1887 - Petrópolis - Outbreak of fever during a magic show
March 18, 1887 - Petrópolis - New outbreak of fever
April 2, 1887 - Petrópolis - Third outbreak of fever
April 16, 1887 - Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro - D. Pedro, in isolation in a house in Tijuca, suffers another attack of fever and vomiting
April 27, 1887 - Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro - New attack of fever and vomiting
May 3, 1887 - (While in Tijuca) - D. Isabel, in Versailles, is summoned to Brazil
June 1(?), 1887 - Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro - The Emperor's health worsens and his doctors suggest going to Europe for medical treatment
June 6, 1887 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Isabel arrives from Europe, after being summoned
June 26, 1887 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - The Military Club, founded to unite the officers of the army and navy, elect Deodoro da Fonseca as its president. The club did not hesitate to intervene on political issues.
June 30, 1887 - Rio de Janeiro - D. Pedro, D. Teresa Cristina and Pedro Augusto (the grandson), depart for Europe aboard the "Gironde" with a small entourage
July 17, 1887 - Lisbon, Portugal - The "Gironde" arrives in Portugal. D.Pedro II proceeds to Paris
July 21, 1887 - Paris, France - Arrival in Paris
August(?) 1(?), 1887 - Baden-Baden - The Emperor begins treatment in Baden-Baden
October 1(?), 1887 - Paris - Recovered, D.Pedro Returns to Paris from Baden-Baden
October 27, 1887 - Paris - Departure to Cannes
January 5, 1888 - Montecarlo, Italy - D.Pedro II attends a classical concert with presence of Nietzsche in the audience
April 1(?), 1888 - Cannes, France - Departs to Italy

D.Pedro II and entourage,
visiting the ruins of Pompeii, 1888

April 6, 1888 - Florence, Italy - D.Pedro II is received by Queen Victoria
May 3(?), 1888 - Milan, Italy - Arrival in Milan
May 11, 1888 - Milan - Crisis with "symptoms of neuralgic cerebral congestion"
May 13, 1888 - Milan - Slavery is abolished in Brazil. In Milan, D.Pedro is unable to stand and control his legs, pale, panting and with irregular heartbeat
May 22, 1888 - Milan - While in bed recovering, Pedro II receives news that Slavery had been abolished in Brazil
June 4, 1888 - Aix-les-Bains, French Alps - Departs to Aix-les-Bains with special care
August 5, 1888 - Bordeaux, France - Departs to Brazil aboard the "Congo"
August 22, 1888 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Returns to Brazil, welcomed with a popular enthusiasm never before seen
October 10, 1888 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - "Jornal do Commercio": "We are in a serious situation, the state of the Emperor is precarious, the princess has no sympathies and it seems that Prince D. Pedro has ambitions. At the same time the Republican Party is organized"
February 10, 1889 - (While in Rio de Janeiro) - "Jornal do Commercio" Newspaper: "The Emperor is growing weaker, he has no touch in his hands, and after the first hour of dispatch he begins to perspire so much that the sweat drops dampen all the papers [...] The ministers want to save him work, but he insists on going to the end of the dispatches"
May 3, 1889 - Rio de Janeiro - Opening of the Legislative Session - João Alfredo's ministry falls into an ambush of the opposition. In the senate, the liberals and the dissident wing of the conservatives under the leadership of Paulino José Soares de Sousa unites to elect Paulino president of that organ
June 15, 1889 - Rio de Janeiro - "Jornal do Commercio" Newspaper: "The Army and Navy are more than ever undisciplined"
June 20, 1889 - Rio de Janeiro - The Viscount of Ouro Preto obtains the dissolution of the Chamber of Representatives
July 15, 1889 - Rio de Janeiro - At the end of a theatrical performance, the carriage which was taking D.Pedro, his wife and daughter, is shot by a Republican student, without causing injuries or victims. This quieted public opinion in favor of the monarchy
July 30(?), 1889 - Minas Gerais - Visit to Minas Gerais, where the monarchy had broad support
August 31, 1889 - Rio de Janeiro - Elections of the House of Representatives, favorable to the Cabinet of the Viscount of Ouro Preto
September 13, 1889 - Rio de Janeiro - Deodoro da Fonseca arrives in Rio de Janeiro, coming from Mato Grosso
November 5, 1889 - Petrópolis - Departure to Rio de Janeiro
November 9, 1889 - Rio de Janeiro - Ball organized by the Government in honor of the visit to Rio of a Chilean warship. Meanwhile, one hundred officers meet at the Military Club to decide to take steps to change the direction of politics
November 10, 1889 - Petrópolis - Returns to Petrópolis
November 15, 1889 - Rio de Janeiro - Coup d'état and institution of the Republic
November 16, 1889 - Rio de Janeiro - "In view of the representation that was delivered to me today at 3 am in the afternoon, I resolve, yielding to the rule of circumstances, to leave with all my family for Europe, tomorrow, leaving this country of us shaken, to which I strove to give constant testimonies of ingrained love and dedication during almost half a century in which I held the position of Head of State. Absenting then, with all the people of my family, I will keep of Brazil the most fond memory, making fervent wishes for its greatness and prosperity"
November 17, 1889 - Rio de Janeiro - Pedro II and family board the gunship "Parnaíba" and near Ilha Rasa are transfered to the "Alagoas", sailing from Brazil into exile in Europe
November 29(?), 1889 - São Vicente, Cape Verde - Two days in Cape Verde
November 30, 1889 - São Vicente, Cape Verde - The ship "Montevideo", destined for Hamburg, arrives in São Vicente. On board, the Viscount of Ouro Preto sends a note to D.Pedro II saying that he had also been expelled from Brazil, although he could not meet him for reasons of quarantine
December 4, 1889 - Off Tenerife, Canary Islands - D. Pedro II observes the volcanic peak covered with snow near Tenerife
December 7, 1889 - Lisbon, Portugal - The "Alagoas" arrives in Lisbon. King D. Carlos appears in a barge to greet the deposed Emperor of Brazil, his great-uncle
December 21, 1889 - (While in Lisbon) - Decree banning the imperial family from Brazil and prohibiting them from owning royal properties in the country, granting them two years to sell them. It also withdrew the concession of 5,000 "contos de reis" offered on November 17 and extinguished the imperial annuity.
December 22, 1889 - Lisbon - Departs on a trip to Coimbra and Porto
December 23, 1889 - Coimbra, Portugal - The empress complains of fatigue at the hotel in Coimbra
December 24, 1889 - Porto, Portugal - They arrive by train in Porto. The Empress feels sick
December 28, 1889 - Porto - The former empress dies after a heart failure caused by yet another asthma attack. Public acclamation of D. Carlos as King of Portugal. Due to the news of the death of D. Teresa Cristina in Porto, D. Pedro II tries to cancel the remaining festivities, but this was not possible
January 7, 1890 - Lisbon, Portugal - Returns to Lisbon for his wife's funeral
January 10, 1890 - Lisbon - Departs to France by train. King Carlos bids him farewell
January 16, 1890 - Cannes, France - D.Pedro arrives at Cannes
January 21, 1890 - Cannes - The Countess of Barral, widow since 1868, arrives at Cannes
February 8, 1890 - Cannes - The Countess of Barral departs from Cannes
April 1, 1890 - Cannes - Suffers an attack similar to that of 1887
July 24, 1890 - Voiron, near Grenoble - Visit to the Countess of Barral
August 7, 1890 - Voiron - Departs to Baden-Baden
August 11, 1890 - (While travelling to Baden-Baden) - In Brazil, D.Pedro's lawyer begins liquidating the assets of D. Teresa Cristina, taking to auction all the movable property of the imperial couple
September 7, 1890 - Baden-Baden - He offers a dinner to his compatriots on Independence Day
September 11, 1890 - Baden-Baden - Letter to the Baron of Rio Branco
September 24, 1890 - Baden-Baden - Returns to Baden-Baden after a short absence
October 6, 1890 - Paris, France - D.Pedro arrives in Paris (from Versailles). With the deterioration of his vision, he needs someone to read the books to him after dinner
October 21, 1890 - Paris - Visit to the Institut Pasteur
November 10, 1890 - Cannes, France - Returns to Cannes
December 22, 1890 - Cannes - He receives a telegram from Brussels announcing the death of the Countess of Villeneuve
January 14, 1891 - (While in Cannes) - The Countess of Barral dies
April 2, 1891 - Grasse, France - D.Pedro II visits Queen Victoria
April 30, 1891 - Cannes - Dinner with André Rebouças
May 7, 1891 - Villa Hügel, Essen, Germany - From 7 to 12 at the Vila Hügel to participate in the Marriage of the daughter of the Count of Nioac with the brother of Frau von Krupp
May 13, 1891 - Versailles, France - Arrives from Cannes to celebrate the 2nd anniversary of the abolition of slavery with D. Isabel
June 9, 1891 - Paris - Departs for the Vichy water station after a pedicure extracts a callus from his foot
June 13, 1891 - Vichy - D. Pedro is bedridden, because as a diabetic, the cut of the pedicure on his foot formed an ulcer that did not heal due to his walks
June 27, 1891 - Vichy - Letter to Viscount of Taunay
July 3, 1891 - Vichy - Authorized by the doctor to take a carriage ride
July 15, 1891 - Vichy - Participates in a ball
July 16, 1891 - Vichy - Goes to the Opera
July 17, 1891 - Vichy - Dr.F. Poncet says that D. Pedro's wound has signs of gangrene and that only absolute rest could cure him
September 16, 1891 - Vichy - D. Pedro receives a visit from Claire Benoist d'Azy, her husband and daughter, for 4 days
September 19, 1891 - Vichy - Departs to Paris by train, with a short stop at Nevers
October 3, 1891 - Vichy - Diary: "Tomorrow I hope to put the paw on the ground and in a few days to walk"
October 4, 1891 - Vichy - Resumes walking, supported, indoors, after 4 months
October 7, 1891 - Vichy - D.Pedro has a diabetes crisis until October 13th because of a guava paste that he ate, the worst thing possible for a diabetic
October 24, 1891 - Paris - Moves to Paris
November 7, 1891 - Paris - Interview with "Figaro" during the government crisis in Brazil: "During what has been a long life, I invested all my strength and devotion to ensure the progress and prosperity of my people: it seems that I did not succeed! ...] Because I have never loved power because of personal ambition, I have never had any desire other than to promote the well-being of my country and I never longed to be anything other than a pastor of the people "(Le Figaro)
November 19, 1891 - Paris - Participates for the first time in a meeting of the Academy of Sciences, as a foreign associate
November 21, 1891 - (While in Paris) - The Brazilian navy revolts against Deodoro da Fonseca
November 23, 1891 - Paris - Pedro II appears at the French Academy of Sciences for the last time to participate in an election | Stroll in St.Cloud, where he catches a flu
November 26, 1891 - Paris - Examined by Dr.Bouchard, D. Pedro has to stay in bed with pneumonia
December 1, 1891 - Paris - Pedro Augusto (grandson) arrives from Vienna
December 2, 1891 - Paris - Anniversary in bed with pneumonia. No festivities, just a simple mass
December 5, 1891 - Paris - Dom Pedro II dies, aged 66 =(END)

~ This timeline will take me a 2 to 3 days to complete. Acessing more books about Peter II's travels. Thank you ~ L.M.C.

Bibliography
BARMAN, Roderick J. - "Citizen Emperor", 1999 - Editora UNESP