Sunday, 24 December 2017

Henry V of England | Timeline

Henry V (9 August 1386 – 31 August 1422) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 36 in 1422. He was the second English monarch of the House of Lancaster. (Intro from Wikipedia)

August 9, 1386 - Monmouth Castle, Monmouth, Wales - Henry of Monmouth (the future Henry V) is born
March 1(?), 1395 - London - Henry is taken ill. A physician named Thomas Pye, is brought to take care of him
March 18, 1395 - Leicester - A horse is hired in London to take the ill prince to Leicester with all speed
July 4, 1399 - Milford Haven, Wales | Waterford, Southern Ireland - Henry Bolinbroke departs from Milford Haved with his 13-year-old son and lands in Waterford, Ireland
July 7, 1399 - Waterford - Henry Bolingbroke issues a proclamation in Waterford, asserting his rights to the throne and condemning the administration of Richard II.
July 13, 1399 - Wexford, Eastern Ireland - Henry Bolingbroke departs from Waterford and travels to Wexford
July 19, 1399 - Dublin, Ireland - Henry Bolingbroke arrives in Dublin, where he is received with support from loyal irish supporters
August 12, 1399 - Dublin - Henry Bolingbroke leaves Dublin to face Richard II, who is advancing from Waterford
August 19, 1399 - Flint Castle - Richard II is captured by forces loyal to Henry Bolingbroke
August 25(?), 1399 - Chester - Last week of August is spent travelling from Chester to London 
together with members of Richard II's chapel
September 1, 1399 - While in London - Richard II surrenders to Henry of Bolingbroke, promising to abdicate if his life is spared
October 13, 1399 - Westminster Abbey, London - Henry's father, Henry of Bolingbroke, is crowned King Henry IV
October 15, 1399 - Westminster, London - Parliament agrees that Henry be created Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester
June 11, 1400 - London - Prince Henry moves to Chester to make acquaintance with one of his future bases of operations
June 14, 1400 - Chester - Henry arrives in Chester
September 16, 1400 - While in Chester - An important landowner, Owain Glyn Dŵr, proclaims himself Prince of Wales and starts attacking villages in Wales
April 1, 1401 - (While in Chester) - Conwy Castle (N coast of Wales) is captured by a group of insurgents led by Gwilym and Rhys ap Tudur
July 1(?), 1401 - Conwy Castle, N coast of Wales - The insurgents hold out for 3 months, then negotiate a surrender and are given a royal pardon
July 20(?), 1401 - London - Prince Henry returns to London
September 1(?), 1401 - Shrewsbury, Shropshire - Prince Henry returns to Shrewsbury
April 1, 1403 - Shrewsbury, Shropshire - Prince Henry is appointed Royal Lieutenant for the whole of Wales =(START)
May 1(?), 1403 - Harlech, Wales - Prince Henry conducts some raids into Glyn Dŵr country. Visit to Harlech
June 1(?), 1403 - Aberystwyth, Wales - Visit to Aberystwyth
July 21, 1403 - Shrewsbury, Shropshire - Battle of Shrewsbury - Royalist Victory - 16-year-old Prince of Wales is hit in the face with an arrow during the fighting, sustaining a terrible wound. Later, he recovers due to the skilled treatment of the Physician General John Bradmore using honey, alcohol and a specially designed surgical instrument. He is left with a permanent scar (and starts avoiding showing the right side of his face on portraits such as the one used on this post)
March 1(?), 1404 - London - Prince Henry pays £14 to a London goldsmith "pour la faisure d'une coler de Sir Thomas de Percy" which he had received from his father
June 30(?), 1404 - Worcester - Prince Henry is in Worcester, on the King's orders
July 1(?), 1404 - Hereford | Leominster - From July to November, Prince Henry and his household are based at Hereford and Leominster, to keep the welsh at bay and to guard the valley of the river Wye
September 15(?), 1404 - Kenilworth - Letter to the King, asking that the men of Cheshire be formally pardoned the support which they had given the Percies, in return for fines
November 1(?), 1404 - South Wales - Prince Henry moves to South Wales and later assists at the relief of Coety, in Glamorgan
January 27, 1405 - Hereford - Letter to the King, informing him that rebels were meeting at Builth in preparation for an attack on Hereford
March 6, 1405 - Hereford - Prince Henry is appointed "Lieutenant of the North"
March 11, 1405 - Hereford - Letter to the King, reporting the good news of a success won at Grosmont against 8,000 rebels
March 30(?), 1405 - Chester - Prince Henry moves to his base in Chester
June 25, 1405 - Newcastle - Prince Henry deals with a revolt in the north of England
July 1(?), 1405 - Berwick - Siege of Berwick
September 4, 1405 - Hereford - Present at the council held at Hereford
April 1(?), 1406 - Westminster, London - The Parliament thanks the Prince for his success
June 7, 1406 - Westminster - Present in Parliament
September 30(?), 1406 - Westminster - Terms are agreed for the Prince to continue as the King's lieutenant in Wales, with 500 men-at-arms and 1500 archers
December 1(?), 1406 - Westminster - Present in Parliament
May 12, 1407 - Wales - He indented to serve for 6 months in South Wales with 200 men-at-arms and 600 archers
June 28, 1407 - Aberystwyth, Wales - Prince Henry lays siege to Aberystwyth. Orders are issued for the conveying of cannon stones and gunpowder from the Tower of London, where they were stored, to Bristol, and then by sea into Wales, the exchequer assuming 
responsibility for the costs of transport
September 12, 1407 - Aberystwyth - Terms of surrender are reached, according to which it it agreed that the castle would surrender if not relieved by Glyn Dŵr by 1 November
October 1(?), 1407 - Gloucester - Attends a Parliament session, which met that month in Gloucester
March 8, 1408 - ? - The Prince again agrees to serve in Wales for another 6 months with 500 men-at-arms and 1,500 archers
May 1(?), 1408 - Beverley | Bridlington, Yorkshire - Pilgrimage to Beverley and Bridlington
June 17, 1412 - Coventry - Letter to friends and supporters around the country, claiming that certain persons, "sons of iniquity", were spreading false stories about him, and trying to make a split between himself and his father by claiming he wanted to usurp the throne. Instead he protested his complete loyalty and his love and respect for the king
March 20, 1413 - Westminster Abbey, London - Henry V is crowned King in a day of a terrible snowstorm
May 15, 1413 - Westminster, London - Meeting of the Parliament
January 7, 1414 - London - Henry V issues a decree banning unlawful assemblies. Some lollard rebels are arrested
January 9, 1414 - London - A lollard revolt lead by Sir John Oldcastle is surpressed
January 10, 1414 - London - The captured lollards are tried, and after being charged with treason and heresy, 79 out of 80 are hanged or burned at the stake
July 31, 1415 - Southampton - Henry V is informed of the Southampton Plot
August 2, 1415 - Bargate, Southampton - Sir Thomas Grey, involved in the Southampton Plot, is beheaded
August 5, 1415 - Bargate, Southampton - Henry Scrope and Richard of Conisburgh, both earls involved in the Southampton plot, are beheaded
August 11, 1415 - Southampton - Henry V departs to France
August 13, 1415 - Harfleur - Henry V lands at Chef-en-Caux in the Seine estuary. The he besieges the town with 6,000 bowmen and 2,000 men-at-arms
September 22, 1415 - Harfleur - Harfleur surrenders to the english. The knights are released on parole to gather ransom, and the townspeople who were prepared to swear allegiance to Henry are allowed to remain, while the rest are ordered to depart
October 8, 1415 - Harfleur - Henry V leaves a small garrison in the town and sets out with the rest of the Army to Calais. He searches for an undefended or weakly defended bridge or ford on the Somme River hoping to slip past the French army, but although he crosses the Somme he fails to evade the french army
Battle of Agincourt, 1415
October 25, 1415 - Azincourt, Pas-de-Calais, France - Henry V is forced to fight - Battle of Agincourt - Decisive english victory in the bloodiest battle of the Hundred Years' War. The English army had about 7,000 men, of which 5,500 were archers. The French, who numbered 20,000 men, advanced with heavy cavalry. While they were hit by "dense rain of arrows like snowfall," perhaps not enough to pierce the French armors, but enough to create confusion, to kill horses and to toss rows of knights to the muddy ground. As more rows of knights and men-at-arms advanced, they were caught in the mud, now covered with fallen knights, some of them suffocating with the weight of others over them. With all probability, thousands of French died without entering the fight, being killed at point-blank range by all type of weapons from axes, hammers and swords. Fearing that the great number of knight prisoners could escape or mount a resistance behind the enemy lines, Henry V ordered the archers to execute the prisoners, putting an end point to the Age of the Chivalry.
November 23, 1415 - London - Triumphal return to England
November 25, 1415 - London - The royal council recommends that Henry should send to Harfleur "an adequate person to observe the state of the town and especially its artillery and to make account and payment to the captain there and his soldiers and report thereon to the King"
August 15, 1416 - Canterbury - Henry V and Sigismund, the Holy Roman Emperor, sign the "Treaty of Canterbury". The King decides he would himself cross to Flanders to negotiate with Burgundy and to leave it to his brother, Bedford, to command a naval expedition for the relief of Harfleur
September 4, 1416 - Sandwich | Calais - At Sandwich, about to set sail for Calais, where he was to spend just under 6 weeks
October 16, 1416 - Dover, England - Henry V returns from Calais
February 20, 1417 - London - Henry V orders six wing feathers to be plucked from every goose in twenty english counties and sent to the Tower of London (required to make the flights and shafts of arrows)
June 15(?), 1417 - Southampton - Waiting for his troops in Southampton
July 30, 1417 - Southampton - The great invasion fleet sets sail for France
August 1, 1417 - Lower Normandy (between Deauville and Trouville) - Henry V lands in Lower Normandy, at the mouth of River Touques
August 3, 1417 - Touques - Touques capitulates
August 16, 1417 - Outskirts of Caen - The english army reaches the outskirts of Caen. 
August 18, 1417 - Caen - Henry V arrives with the bulk of his troops at the foot of the ramparts of the city. The king divides his men around the city into fifteen detachments. To ensure liaison between his detachments, the King brings from England a crew of movable bridge which allows passage over the Odon and Orne. The city is surrounded by English guns, themselves protected by levees and ditches to avoid an exit of the French. The English make use of it and destroy many walls and dwellings. The French do not have the same firepower as the English. But the French gunners use red iron balls in the forge that do damage in the English homes. They also use ballistae and catapults. In spite of their numerical inferiority and their less powerful weapons, the defenders of Caen hold out and each night repairs the damages caused by the English in the defenses of the city.
August 20, 1417 - Caen - Henry V promotes the use of the English language in government and governmental records
September 1(?), 1417 - Caen - Letter to Langley, as Chancellor
September 4, 1417 - Caen - The king launches several attacks on the ramparts but they are all repulsed. He then uses a new strategy that the English mastered: the undermining. Several galleries are dug below the French walls while false attacks divert the attention of the French. But these have found an ingenious way to know the work of undermining: vases filled with water on the walls. As soon as the water of these begins to move, they know that the foundations of the wall are being undermined. The French engage then in a work of contre-sap by attacking the English in the tunnels.
All english efforts begin to bear fruit and in early September, the walls of the city are covered with gaps. King Henry V launches a final ultimatum on September 3 in the city to avoid "the shedding of Christian blood". The sire of Montenay assembles his council and he decides to answer thus to the king "The victory is to God alone; if the King of England counts, we count on it: even if it escapes us, we are ready to undergo all the consequences of the war. " Henry V receives the answer and decides on a general assault. He gathers his leaders and fixes on Sunday, September 4th, the date of the offensive. The troops are ready. The king organizes his strategy: not to tire the troops, they will be divided into three columns: the first attack, the second supports it and the third remains behind. As soon as the attack is repulsed, the third column takes the place of the first and so on.
The King's trumpet sounds very early on the morning of September 4th and gives the signal for the final assault. The English columns go to the assault of the walls and are surprised that the French are so many in their post. The fighting is raging, the king is personally attending and his detachment manages to take the island near. But, a rumor wins the English ranks: a French detachment is about to arrive behind the king's camp. Henry V removes his men on the meadow. This is actually a false alarm. The king raises his troops to the assault and arrives at the level of the castle Saint-Pierre in the center of the city. He joins the troops of his brother at the level of the Jacobins. Together, they repulse the French in the city, officers fleeing to the castle. Soldiers take advantage of it to loot homes and businesses. All the strategic places of the city are in the hands of the English
September 5, 1417 - Caen - Henry V summons the bourgeois-governors of Caen and confiscates their property. Then he transfers his headquarters north of the castle to prevent an exit of the French and to eventually support his troops. The bombardment of the castle begins but it is measured because the English are well aware of the strategic importance of the place and it would be a pity that it is very damaged. The bombings are essentially directed to the doors. The defenders of the place are too few, have little ammunition and also suffer from the presence of the inhabitants of the city who have come to take refuge there. 
September 8, 1417 - Caen - While sending representatives to Paris to seek help from Charles VI, the Sire of Montenay sends on September 8 a delegate near Henry V. This last one designates the count of Warwick to negotiate the capitulation. The terms are simple: within a period of eight days, the Lord of Montenay must return the castle to the hands of the English, the knights will go out with their armor they will deposit. Six knights and six squires are handed over to Henry V as a hostage. During this time, Henry V takes the opportunity to take Villers-Bocage, Creully and Thury-Harcourt.
September 19, 1417 - Caen - As agreed, the Sire of Montenay leaves the castle and goes to the tent of Henry V. He hands him the keys of the enclosure. He then goes to the castle where he establishes his home.
October 1, 1417 - Caen - Henry V departs to the conquest of Normandy
November 2, 1417 - Alençon - Letter to Langley, as Chancellor
December 14, 1417 - (While in Alençon?) - At St.Gile's Fields, London, John Oldcastle, leader of the lollards and the "Oldcastle revolt" is burned at the stake
May 1(?), 1418 - Caen - Letter to Langley, as Chancellor
Siege of Rouen, 1417
July 29, 1418 - Rouen - Henry V lays siege to Rouen with 10,000 men
August 30, 1418 - Rouen - Letter sent from the siege of Rouen
November 1(?), 1418 - Rouen - Letter to Bedford from "our host [army] before Rouen"
January 19, 1419 - Rouen - Rouen surrenders! The surviving French are allowed to keep their homes and property if they give up 80 hostages, pay 300,000 gold crowns and swear allegiance to the English. Alain Blanchard, who had executed English prisoners, is executed by the English when the city falls
January 23, 1419 - Montivilliers - Montivilliers falls
January 31, 1419 - Lillebonne - Lillebonne falls
February 1, 1419 - Fécamp - Fécamp falls
February 3, 1419 - Vernon - Vernon falls
February 8, 1419 - Dieppe - Dieppe falls
February 9, 1419 - Gournay - Gournay falls
February 15, 1419 - Eu - Eu falls
February 25, 1419 - Honfleur - Honfleur surrenders. Its position on the estuary of the Seine is secured
April 6, 1419 - Vernon - Letter ordering the reissue of letters patent by the Chancellor in favour of Piers Garney, esquire, granting him "the keeping of the lands and tenements that were Hugh Fastolf's, knight, that is taken by God"
June 20, 1419 - Mantes-la-Jolie - Letter sent from Mantes
July 7, 1419 - Mantes-la-Jolie - Letter sent from Mantes
November 27, 1419 - Vernon - Letter sent from Vernon
May 1, 1420 - Paris - Henry V makes a triumphant entry in Paris, in company of King Charles VI and Philip III of Burgundy
May 21, 1420 - Troyes - The Treaty of Troyes is signed in the Troyes Cathedral between Henry V of England, his ally Philip of Burgundy and Queen Isabel, wife of the mad Charles VI of France, whereby the throne of France would pass to Henry on the death of Charles rather than to Charles' son the Dauphin
June 1(?), 1420 - Melun - Henry V and Philippe de Bourgogne lay siege to Melun with 20,000 men. The garrison of 700, commanded by Arnaud Guillaume de Barbazan puts up a spirited defense, blockading the breaches in the walls made by the English cannon and counter mining the English tunnels
November 18, 1420 - Melun - Its supplies exhausted, Melun surrenders to Henry V. Henry wants to execute Barbazan, but since they have fought, according to the laws of chivalry, he can't. He instead puts Barbazan in an iron cage, and contents himself with hanging some Scotsmen
February 1(?), 1421 - Southampton - Henry V returns to England
June  10, 1421 - Dover - Henry V writes his last will, then sails back to France to retrieve the situation
July 18, 1421 - Dreux - The forces of Henry V besiege Dreux and capture it in August
August 20, 1421 - Dreux - Dreux is taken. Henry V moves to Chateaudun
September 30(?), 1421 - Joigny | Villeneuve-le-Roi - Henry V goes on to Chateaudun, which he attacks and meets the French army near Vendome. Not daring to fight, he retires to the Sologne, which he ravages, attacks Beaugency without success, before reaching Orleans. His army decimated by the famine and the epidemics, it folds on Joigny and Villeneuve-le-Roi that it takes at the end of September 1421. The fallen city, it returns to Paris having lost 4 000 men
October 6, 1421 - Meaux - Henry V lays siege to Meaux
March 30, 1422 - Rouen - Letter to Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and the Council in England
May 10, 1422 - Meaux - After eight months of siege, the town of Meaux surrenders to the King of England, who contracts dysentery during the siege. Surrender is immediately followed by cruel reprisals and acts of cruelty.
August 10, 1422 - Château de Vincennes, E of Paris - By this time, Henry is quite ill. While en route to Cosne-sur-Loire, he finds himself unable to ride, and has to be carried to Vincennes, where he arrives on 10 August
August 31, 1422 - Château de Vincennes, E of Paris - Henry V dies of dysentery, contracted during the siege of Meaux, aged 36 =(END)

Bibliography
ALLMAND, Christopher - Henry V
COLE, Teresa - Henry V: The Life of the Warrior King & the Battle of Agincourt

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