Sunday, 3 December 2017

(Father) António Vieira | Timeline

Father António Vieira (6 February 1608, Lisbon, Portugal – 18 July 1697, Bahia, Portuguese Colony of Brazil) was a Portuguese Jesuit preacher, philosopher and writer, the "prince" of Catholic pulpit-orators of his time. (Intro from Wikipedia)

February 6, 1608 - Lisbon, Portugal - António Vieira is born
January(?) 1(?), 1613 - Lisbon - Cristóvão Vieira Ravasco, António's father, departs for Brazil where he had been appointed as a clerk of the Court of Appeal of Bahia. António Vieira stays living with his mother and brother in "Nossa Senhora dos Mártires Street" in Lisbon
January(?) 1(?), 1614 - Salvador, Brazil - At the age of 6 he leaves with the family to join his father in Brazil.
January(?) 1(?), 1615 - Salvador - António Vieira begins studies at the Jesuit College
May 5, 1623 - Salvador - At the age of 15 he escaped from his paternal home and went to the college of the Society of Jesus where he was received and began the novitiate
May 8, 1624 - Salvador - An armada of the Dutch West Indies Company under the command of Jacob Willekens seizes Salvador and arrests the Governor Diogo de Mendonça Furtado. The Bishop flees during the night, saving the relics of the Jesuits who, with the population, flee to the indigenous villages of São João and Espírito Santo (now Abrantes), which were controlled by the Society of Jesus. António Vieira also takes refuge within the captaincy and develops his missionary vocation
April 30, 1625 - Salvador - Portuguese military aid arrives in Bahia from Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro, as well as the fleet of D. Francisco de Toledo sent from the "metropolis", which recover the city
May 5, 1625 - Salvador - The Jesuits celebrate in their church of Bahia, the Portuguese victory
January(?) 1(?), 1626 - Salvador - Vieira writes the "Carta Ânua", blaming the Dutch for the state of the Colony and the Missions =(START)
January(?) 1(?), 1627 - Olinda - António Vieira departs Bahia and goes governing the Chair of Rhetoric at the College of Olinda, where he remained for about three years
January(?) 1(?), 1631 - Pernambuco - Vieira fights against the Dutch in Pernambuco
January(?) 1(?), 1633 - Salvador - Preaches for the first time in Bahia and engages in the struggle against the Dutch, appealing from the pulpit to the resistance against the heretics
December 10, 1634 - Salvador - Vieira is ordained a Priest, after intensive studies of Rhetoric, Philosophy and Theology. Will preach for 5 years in the villages of Bahia
December 13, 1634 - Salvador - Father António Vieira celebrates his first mass
January(?) 1(?), 1638 - Salvador - Three patriotic sermons | Teacher of Theology at Bahia College
April 16, 1638 - Salvador - Maurice of Nassau disembarks in front of the city of Salvador, coming from Pernambuco with powerful forces (4,300 European soldiers and 1,000 auxiliary Indians), but the attack was repelled by the Portuguese after 40 days
May 1(?), 1640 - Salvador - Sermon on the Good Success of the Arms of Portugal against the Dutch
February(?) 10(?), 1641 - Salvador - News arrive in Brazil about the Restoration of the portuguese Independence, which took place on December 1, 1640
February 27, 1641 - Salvador - Father António Vieira departs Salvador for Portugal, accompanied by D. Jorge Mascarenhas, son of the Governor, and by Father Simão de Vasconcelos, to communicate the "Brazilian adhesion" to the new king, John IV
April 28, 1641 - Peniche, Portugal - Due to bad weather they are unable to anchor at Lisbon and have to disembark in Peniche
April 30, 1641 - Lisbon - Audience with King John IV
January 1, 1642 - Lisbon - Preaches for the first time in the Royal Chapel of King John IV, with a political and anti-castillan speech entitled "Sermon of the Good Years"
July 3, 1643 - Lisbon - Father António Vieira proposes to the king to let the Jews return to Portugal and to prevent the confiscation of the assets of the new Christians.
August 21, 1643 - Lisbon - Sermon in which he enumerates the problems of the country: the difficult relations with Holland, the danger of the war and the defense of Portugal, for which it was necessary the help of the Jews and their money
January(?) 1(?), 1644 - Lisbon - Father António Vieira is appointed Royal Preacher
May 22, 1644 - Lisbon - Pronounces the last votes and obtains the degree of professed of the Society of Jesus.
October 4, 1645 - Lisbon - Letter to Francisco de Sousa Coutinho, in Brazil
January(?) 1(?), 1646 - Lisbon - Father António Vieira presents a proposal to King John IV for the financial assistance of the new Christians, which opens a conflict with the Holy Office.
February 1, 1646 - Lisbon - Departs Lisbon,  responsible for an important diplomatic mission to France and the Netherlands, related to the recovery of the territory of Pernambuco, occupied by the Dutch West Indies Company
February 25, 1646 - Paris, France - Letter to the Marquess of Niza, Ambassador in Paris
March 11, 1646 - Paris(?) - Letter to the Marquess of Niza, Ambassador in Paris
April 18, 1646 - The Hague, Netherlands - Vieira arrives in Holland where he meets with the Portuguese ambassador Francisco de Sousa Coutinho
August 13, 1647 - The Hague - Second diplomatic mission: He departs to France seeking the support denied by the Dutch
October 17, 1647 - Moret Castle, Fontainebleu, France - Father António Vieira is received by Cardinal Mazarino
November 22, 1647 - Paris - Departs for Holland to negotiate the recovery of Pernambuco (whose final conquest would only happen in 1654).
December 1(?), 1647 - The Hague(?) - Arrival in the Netherlands, delayed in Paris
August 30, 1648 - The Hague - Vieira tries to convince Ambassador Coutinho to disobey King John IV and stay in the Hague
October 15, 1648 - Lisbon - Vieira arrives in Lisbon, to try to convince King John IV to change his mind about Ambassador Coutinho
March 8, 1649 - Lisbon - The General Company of Commerce of Brazil is created, a private company with the monopoly of trade with Brazil, which had been proposed by António Vieira
January(?) 1(?), 1650 - Rome - Vieira seeks to interest the Pope in the marriage of the son of King John IV with the daughter of Philip IV of Spain
December(?) 1(?), 1652 - Lisbon - Disillusioned with Portugal, Vieira departs for São Luís
January 16, 1653 - São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil - Vieira arrives at São Luís do Maranhão as Superior of the Jesuit missionaries and assumes the defense of the natives against the slaveholders' interests of the colonists.
October 1(?), 1653 - Belém, Pará - Brazil - Vieira arrives in Belém, where he verifies the oppression of the Indians by the colonists
April 4, 1654 - São Luís, Maranhão(?) - Letter to King John IV: "Here there are men of good quality who can govern more transparently and also with more respect for authority. Even if they do work in their own interest, it is always with a great deal more moderation and, in any case, all of their profits remain here so that this land continues to grow in wealth. Should these men be granted estates, they would receive them as lords and not as leaseholders, as is the case with those that come here from Portugal. But, once the Indians are free from governors and this root — which is the principal and original sin of this province — is pulled up, all of the other sins that proceed from it will also cease, and God will have more reason to grant us mercy"
June 13, 1654 - São Luís, Maranhão - Sermon of Saint Anthony to the Fishes
June 16, 1654 - São Luís, Maranhão - Father António Vieira departs to Lisbon with two companions aboard a ship loaded with sugar, to request measures in favor of the Indians and the Jesuit missions of Maranhão
August 15(?), 1654 - Off Corvo Island, Azores - After about two months of travel and in view of Corvo Island, the ship does not withstand a storm and looses the mast. A Dutch corsair gathers the shipwrecked and pillages the ship, sinking it afterwards.
August 23, 1654 - Graciosa Island, Azores - 41 Portuguese castaways are unloaded on Graciosa Island and stripped of their personal belongings. They remain on the island for two months, being assisted by the jesuits
October 7, 1654 - Terceira Island, Azores - Father António Vieira gives a sermon at the Cathedral of Angra, at the "Rosario Feast".
October 14, 1654 - São Miguel Island, Azores - Arrival to the Island of São Miguel
October 24, 1654 - São Miguel Island - On the island of São Miguel, he embarks on an English ship bound for Lisbon.
November 15(?), 1654 - Lisbon - Arrival in Lisbon
January 31, 1655 - Lisbon - Father António Vieira preaches in the Royal Chapel the "Sermon of the Sexagesima", and later, the "Sermon of the Good Thief".
Father António Vieira
December(?) 1(?), 1655 - Brazil - Returns to Brazil to direct the missions of Maranhão and Grão-Pará, taking a diploma that prohibits to the settlers any offensive activities against the Indians, without previous authorization of the King
November 6, 1656 - (While in São Luís, Maranhão) - King John IV, a friend, protector and confidant of António Vieira, dies, disappearing his political influence in the Court. His 13-year-old son, Afonso VI, succeeds him. Queen Dona Luisa de Gusmão becomes Regent of the Kingdom
November 23, 1656 - (While in São Luís, Maranhão) - The Council of State suspends the law prohibiting the confiscation of the assets of new Christians, previously defended by António Vieira
April 29, 1659 - São Luís, Maranhão - Vieira writes the letter "Hopes of Portugal, Fifth Empire of the World" to Father André Fernandes (Confessor of the Queen), about King John's death.became the basis of the qualification of the crimes that were imputed to him by the Court of the Holy Office of Coimbra
September 1(?), 1661 - São Luís, Maranhão - Vieira and the Society of Jesus are expelled by the settlers and return to Lisbon. António Vieira leaves Maranhão and Grão-Pará due to the hostility of the settlers to his ideas in defense of the Indians
January(?) 1(?), 1662 - Lisbon - Loses influence in the Court when Afonso VI and the Count of Castelo Melhor triumph of the Conspiracy
January 6, 1662 - Lisbon - Professes the "Sermon on the Epiphany" in the Royal Chapel
January(?) 1(?), 1663 - Porto - Vieira is banished to Porto and Coimbra and forbidden to return to the missions. The Inquisition falls on him
June 21, 1663 - Coimbra - Beginning of the interrogations of the process that the Inquisition had long been huddling against Vieira under the charge of Judaism, based on the prophetic writings of the "Fifth Empire"
December 12, 1663 - (While in Coimbra) - The Overseas Council revokes the privileges won by the Society of Jesus in the missions of Brazil
October 1, 1665 - Coimbra - Father António Vieira is convicted by the Inquisition, but is barred from entering prisons and is placed under custody under house arrest. The inquisitors want a formal confession but Vieira refuses
December 24, 1667 - Coimbra - The interrogations of the Tribunal of the Holy Office weaken his resistance and Vieira confesses everything that the Inquisition wants to hear. He is forbidden to preach and forced to live, as a recluse, in the Coimbra College
June 12, 1668 - Lisbon - With Prince Peter's regency, Vieira regains his freedom and returns to Lisbon. Always under surveillance by the Inquisition, he returns to preaching in the Royal Chapel
June 22, 1668 - Lisbon - Returns to the pulpit to use the word that had been forbidden to him, preaching in the Royal Chapel on the Queen's birthday
August 15, 1669 - Lisbon - Without King Peter's favor, Vieira embarks for Italy, sent by his Provincial Superior, in pilgrimage to the tombs of the Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul, but also to obtain his rehabilitation with the Pope
August(?) 25(?), 1669 - Alicante, Spain - The ship stops at Alicante in route to Rome
September(?) 5(?), 1669 - Marseille, France - The ship stops at Marseille in route to Rome
January(?) 1(?), 1670 - Rome - Vieira is received by Pope Clement X with many honors
June(?) 1(?), 1670 - Rome - Vieira lives in the Roman Court of Queen Cristina of Sweden, who invites him as an official preacher of the royal chapel of her palace, where he preaches sermons that make him famous
January(?) 1(?), 1672 - Rome - Vieira writes to King Peter II, defending the Jews
January(?) 1(?), 1674 - Rome - Vieira denounces the criminal proceedings of the Inquisition to the Pope
April 17, 1675 - Rome - The Pope acquits him of all inquisitorial condemnations and places him dependent, for judicial purposes, of the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Pontifical Curia, making him immune forever from the power of the Portuguese Inquisition
May 22, 1675 - Rome - Departs for Portugal via Marseille and La Rochelle
July(?) 10(?), 1675 - Marseille - Passing through Marseille on his way to Lisbon
August(?) 10(?), 1675 - La Rochelle, France - At La Rochelle, he embarks on a ship to Lisbon
August 23, 1675 - Lisbon - Vieira arrives in Lisbon with the rescript that exempted him from the jurisdiction of the Portuguese Holy Office.
January(?) 1(?), 1678 - Lisbon - Vieira returns to Lisbon but sees that he has lost the favor of the Court and that intolerance against New Christians has increased, as has the power of the Inquisition
"Sermons", 1679
April 1, 1680 - Lisbon - A law is approved, favorable to the freedom of the Indians of Maranhão, to which Vieira contributed
January 27, 1681 - Lisbon - Father António Vieira departs Lisbon and travels to Bahia with the powers of Superior of the Missions of the Company of Jesus in Brazil 
March(?) 1(?), 1681 - Salvador - Arrival in Salvador
January(?) 1(?), 1683 - Salvador - New agitation of the missionaries. The governor accuses Vieira of complying with the murder of the city's High-Warden
September 11, 1684 - Salvador - Professes the "Sermon of the Exequies" of Queen Maria Francisca of Savoy at Misericórdia Church
May 10, 1686 - Salvador - António Vieira is one of the few not to contract yellow fever
January(?) 1(?), 1687 - (While in Salvador) - At the end of a complicated process, the Ravascos win the suit and are cleared of all guilt
January(?) 1(?), 1688 - (While in Salvador) - Vieira is nominated for the high position of "Visitator"(inspector) of the Province of Brazil
May 23, 1689 - Salvador - Letter to the Earl of Ericeira
March 1, 1693 - (While in Salvador) - The Brazilian Mint is created, according to the project that Father António Vieira had presented two years before
July 31, 1694 - Salvador - Vieira sends a "circular" letter of farewell to all the friends with whom he corresponded
June 10, 1697 - Salvador - Father António Vieira looses his voice
July 18, 1697 - Salvador, Bahia - Father António Vieira dies, aged 89 =(END)

Bibliography

FRANCO, José Eduardo (coord), "Padre António Vieira, o Imperador da língua portuguesa", Lisbon, Correio da Manhã, 2008

1 comment:

  1. when is St Antonio Vieira's feast day

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