Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) | Timeline

Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese: Fernão de Magalhães, c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. (Intro from Wikipedia)

January(?) 1(?), 1480 - Porto, Portugal - Fernão de Magalhães is born
January(?) 1(?), 1490 - Lisbon(?) - After the death of his parents, Fernão becomes Page of Queen Leonor
March 25, 1505 - Lisbon - Fernão de Magalhães departs to India in a fleet of 22 ships sent to host Dom(*) Francisco de Almeida as the first viceroy of Portuguese India =(START)
March 29, 1505 - Off Madeira Island - The fleet sails off Madeira Island

April 6, 1505 - Cape Verde Islands - The Armada sails through the Cape Verde Islands
April 9, 1505 - Porto de Ale (Petite-Côte, SE Dakar) - The Armada makes a brief stop at Porto de Ale to resupply
April 15, 1505 - Porto de Ale (Petite-Côte, SE Dakar) - Francisco de Almeida resumes voyage and divides his Armada in two squadrons

April 20, 1505 - Line of the Equator - The fleet crosses the Line of the Equator
May 5, 1505 - South Atlantic Ocean - One of the ships in Almeida's squadron, the "Bella", springs a leak and begins to founder. The crew and cargo are distributed among other ships. After Almeida sends the faster squadron ahead, his slower squadron is now reduced to 12 ships
May 18, 1505 - Six ships under Pêro de Anaia, considered a third squadron, set out to Sofala
June 26, 1505 - Cape of Good Hope - Francisco de Almeida's squadron doubles the Cape of Good Hope with some difficulty, meeting a violent storm on the other side, during which some ships are separated
July 3(?), 1505 - Primeiras Islands, SW Angoche, Mozambique - Almeida arrives to the Primeiras Islands and waits for the remaining ships
July 18, 1505 - Primeiras Islands, SW Angoche, Mozambique - Almeida's squadron is reassembled. Of the 12 ships in his squadron, Almeida finds himself missing only two ships. Hearing nothing about the other squadron, Almeida decides to press on and sets sail north to Quiloa
July 23, 1505 - Quiloa (Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania) - Almeida arrives on the island-state of Quiloa with 8 ships. Without receiving the annual tribute owed to the King of Portugal, he lands 500 soldiers and takes Quiloa without opposition. A Fortress is built
August 8, 1505 - Quiloa (Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania) - One of the missing ships of Almeida's squadron, the "Botafogo", arrives in Quiloa harbour and rejoins the others. He leaves instructions behind for the other squadron and departs from Quiloa, wary of the monsoon timing
August 13, 1505 - Mombasa - Almeida's fleet menacingly anchors before the island-city of Mombasa. Almeida sends out an ultimatum to Mombasa, offering peace in return for vassalship and tribute to Portugal. 
August 14, 1505 - Mombasa - After the offer is rejected, the portuguese bombard and sack the city, taking 200 women slaves.
August 27, 1505 - Mombasa - After sending news and his respects to the city of Mailindi, Almeida sets sail for India with 14 ships
September 13, 1505 - Angediva Island, India - Almeida alights on the Indian coast at the island of Anjediva. As per the orders received in Lisbon, Almeida immediately begins the construction of a Portuguese fortress on the island – Fort São Miguel of Angediva. He also erects the Church of Our Lady of Springs (Nossa Senhora das Brotas) 
October 16, 1505 - Angediva Island - Almeida departs to Honnavar (Rio de Onor), the homebase of the Hindu corsair known as Timoja (or Timaya), who had caused some trouble to earlier armadas, and whom Almeida feared might yet cause trouble for Anjediva
October 18, 1505 - Rio de Onor (Honnavar, India) - Almeida believes his suspicious are confirmed when he sees a significant number of Arab ships, alongside Timoja's own, in Onor harbour. Almeida accuses Onor's rulers of breaking the proferred truce and orders an attack on the port city. Resistance is fierce, but the Portuguese manage to sack and burn the harbour and break into the city. As they approach the palace, the governor pleads for peace. Almeida, who had been wounded in the process, suspends the fighting. In the aftermath, the corsair Timoja and the governor of Onor agree to swear an oath of vassalage and promise not to molest the Portuguese in Anjediva
October 24, 1505 - Rio de Onor (Honnavar, India) - Almeida sails south to Cannanore.
October 27(?), 1505 - Cannanore - Arrival at Cannanore. Almeida visits the portuguese factory there and secures permission from the Kolathiri Raja of Cannanore to build a portuguese fort in the city
October 30, 1505 - Cannanore - Almeida sets sail to Cochin

November 1, 1505 - Cochin - Francisco de Almeida (and Ferdinand Magellan) arrive in Cochin
December 1, 1505 - Cochin - Almeida is informed that the portuguese in Quilon (Kollam) were massacred. He sends his son Lourenço de Almeida with 6 ships there,  reinforces Fort Manuel at Cochin and delivers a golden crown as a gift from King Manuel I of Portugal to the King of Cochin
March 1(?), 1506 - Cannanore - Magellan participates in the Battle of Cannanore, against forces of Calicut, Gujarat and ottoman turks - Portuguese victory

November 1(?), 1506 - Cochin(?) - Magellan is sent with Nuno Vaz Pereira to Quiloa and Sofala, in the eastern coast of Africa

November 25(?), 1506 - Melinde (Mailindi, Kenya) - Nuno Vaz Pereira takes Mailindi

December 15(?), 1506 - Quiloa (Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania) - Nuno Vaz Pereira reaches Quiloa
September 9, 1507 - Sofala, Mozambique - Sets sail back to Cochin with Nuno Vaz Pereira
March 1(?), 1508 - Chaul - Mamelukes of Egypt and gujaratis defeat a portuguese force in the Battle of Chaul.

November 25, 1508 - Cochin - Almeida sets sail to Diu, via Cannanore (again with Magellan)

December 4, 1508 - Cannanore - Arrival at Cannanore. Albuquerque's ships are greeted by the Viceroy aboard the "Frol de la Mar" and other vessels

December 9, 1508 - Cannanore - Sails for Diu
December 29, 1508 - Dabul (Dabhol) - On his way to Diu, Francisco de Almeida defeats a combined fleet of the Kingdom of Cambay. After bombarding Dabul, portuguese soldiers land, slaughter and burn everyone in the town, in the bloodiest episode in Portuguese India (together with Vasco da Gama's destruction of a hajj pilgrim ship)
January 5, 1509 - Dabul (Dabhol) - Francisco de Almeida departs to Diu
February 3, 1509 - Diu - Great Battle of Diu - Decisive portuguese victory over an alliance of ottoman turks, mamelukes, gujaratis, venetians and ragusans
August 18, 1509 - Cochin - Magellan departs to Malacca with Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
September 8, 1509 - Pedir (Pidie, Sumatra) - Lopes de Sequeira arrives at Pedir and finds five junks in the port. A "Padrão" (**) is erected there
September 11, 1509 - Malacca, Malaysia - Magellan arrives at Malacca in the fleet of Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
January(?) 1(?), 1510 - near the Maldives - Magellan is shipwrecked at the Padua shoals and is forced to return to India in a feat of survivability

January 15(?), 1510 - Cannanore - Forced return to Cannanore

February 10, 1510 - Cannanore - Albuquerque sails to Angediva with 23 ships and 1,800 men, with intention of going to Socotra

March 1, 1510 - Goa - The fleet reaches the mouth of the Mandovi River

March 4, 1510 - Panaji, Goa - Albuquerque assaults and takes Panaji Fort, which controled the access to Goa. Goan officials submit the city to the portuguese on the next day

May 17, 1510 - Goa - Almost surrounded by 40,000 men and under daily cannon fire, Albuquerque embarks to leave Goa, however, the monsoon makes it impossible to leave Mandovi River
August 4(?), 1510 - Angediva Island, South Goa - Magellan joins Afonso de Albuquerque's Council as the portuguese Governor waits for more ships and men
August 25, 1510 - Cannanore - Albuquerque begins to issue "mandates" of payments from the "Frol de la Mar"
September 1(?), 1510 - Cannanore - Afonso de Albuquerque issues orders to give armament to Magellan
September 22, 1510 - Cannanore - Last Albuquerque "mandate" issued from Cannanore
September 28, 1510 - Cochin - Albuquerque "Mandate" issued from Cochin
October 2, 1510 - Cochin - Magellan spends 200 "cruzados" in a business
October 10, 1510 - Cochin - Council at Cochin: Magellan gives advices to Afonso de Albuquerque against another attack on Goa
November 20, 1510 - Goa - Albuquerque reappears in the Mandovi River with his fleet
November 25, 1510 - Goa - Capture of Goa. During the next 3 days, 6,000 "moors" are killed
December 10, 1510 - Goa - Final surrender of Ismail Adil Shah and his ottoman allies. Goa is captured
April 20, 1511 - Goa - Afonso de Albuquerque sets sail to Malacca. Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães) goes on the expedition
July 25, 1511 - Malacca - The first assault to Malacca fails
August 15, 1511 - Malacca - Conquest of Malacca, which ends the muslim and venetian trade
October 25, 1511 - Malacca - The portuguese complete the construction of a Fortress at Malacca, the "famous" (A Famosa)

November 5, 1511 - Malacca - Magellan departs Malacca for the Maluku Islands aboard António de Abreu's caravel "Santa Cruz". The "Sabaia", a captured goan ship and another caravel also sail under Abreu's command

January(?) 1(?), 1512 - Buru | Ambon, Malukku Islands - Reconnaissance of the Malukku Islands

February(?) 1(?), 1512 - Gugegule, SE tip of Seram, Banda Islands - António de Abreu (and Magellan) winter at Gulegule due to the monsoon

July(?) 1(?), 1512 - Banda Island - After loading the ships at Banda with spices, Abreu and Magellan set sail back to Malacca

August(?) 1(?), 1512 - Banda Sea(?) - During a storm, the fourth ship of the fleet, a junk who had joined them at Banda, sinks. The portuguese survivors reach Ternate where they settle for the rest of their lives

September 1(?), 1512 - Malacca - Abreu's surviving two ships return to Malacca
January 11, 1513 - Malacca - Magellan departs Malacca for Cochin aboard the caravel "Santa Cruz". The ships "Anunciada" and "Santo António" also sail for Cochin
February 10, 1513 - Cochin - Magellan reaches Cochin aboard António de Abreu's "Santa Cruz", then continues to Portugal
July(?) 1(?), 1513 - Lisbon, Portugal - Magellan returns to Lisbon, apparently rich (speculative date)
August 17, 1513 - Lisbon - Magellan sails for Azamor (Azemmour) on the expedition of D.Jaime, Duke of Braganza. The Armada consisted of 400 ships and 18,000 men (including 2,450 on horse). Martim 13-year-old Martim Afonso de Sousa, future governor of Portuguese India, may have gone with the expedition
August 28, 1513 - Mazagão (El Jadida, Morocco) - The armada reaches Mazagão (El Jadida). The army lands and the battle for Azamor begins
September 1, 1513 - Azamor (Azemmour, Morocco) - During the fight, Magellan is wounded on the knee, resulting in a permanent limp, and his horse killed with a spear. The portuguese win the battle of Azamor

September 2, 1513 - Azamor - The Duke of Braganza enters Azamor without resistance
March 29, 1514 - Azamor - Magellan writes to King Manuel I in order to have him pay in full the value of his horse
May 15, 1514 - Azamor - Magellan loses influence, accused of illegal trade and of being absent

September 4, 1514 - While in Azamor - King Manuel orders the payment of 200 "cruzados" to Magellan at Ponte de Lima, when he returns to Portugal

November 1(?), 1514 - Lisbon, Portugal - Returns to Lisbon 
July 4, 1515 - Lisbon - Magellan receives a letter from his friend Francisco Serrão in Ambon Island (written in 1514). He the passes power of attorney to his brother Duarte de Sousa so that he receives the amount of the debt that would be paid to him in Ponte de Lima (of which there is receipt of the payment dated of November 24, 1516)

July 20(?), 1515 - Azamor (Azemmour), SW Casablanca - Returns to Azamor to to gather proof of his innocence

March 30(?), 1516 - Lisbon, Portugal - Returns to Lisbon
April 15, 1516 - Santarém, Portugal - Magellan had already had an increase in his house, according to another order of King Manuel, to be paid 14,050 "reais" of his horseman's residence, at the rate of 1,250 "réis" per month plus a bushel of barley for the last 6 months of the year 1515 and the first 3 of this year he served in Azamor

April 24, 1516 - Lisbon - Letter to Francisco Serrão in Ambon Island. As the relations with King Manuel sour, Magellan asks his friend to wait for him because he would return to the Malukku Islands either under portuguese or spanish flag
January(?) 1(?), 1517 - Lisbon - Magellan asks for and is refused housing increase of 100 "réis"

May 19, 1517 - Lisbon - Receives the rest of the money owed to him
October 20, 1517 - Seville - Magellan arrives in Seville
October 28, 1517 - Seville - Magellan contacts the overseer of the "House of Contratación", to present a project to the Spanish King
December 28, 1517 - Seville - Magellan marries Beatriz Barbosa and decides to live in Seville
February 23, 1518 - Valladolid - Magellan signs a contract with the Spanish Crown. He meets Bartolomé de las Casas, who writes a physical description of the Portuguese navigator =(crossofburgundyflag)
March 2, 1518 - Valladolid - Magellan presents Charles V with a credible perspective of the Moluccas' location and manages to convince the monarch to support his very costly and risky project

March 22, 1518 - Seville - Charles V appoints Magellan and Faleiro as captains on the expedition to the Indies in July

October 22, 1518 - Seville - Magellan has four flags bearing his arms placed on the capstans (mechanism for lifting weights), while the "Trinidad" was being prepared. This causes an incident when several spaniards accuse him of putting the weapons of the King of Portugal there

October 24, 1518 - Seville - Letter to Charles V complaining about the incident with the flags bearing his arms
August 10, 1519 - Seville - Magellan sets sail from Sevilla and descends the Guadalquivir River, staying for five more weeks at Sanlúcar de Barrameda

August 24, 1519 - Seville - Signs his Last will and Testament
September 20, 1519 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain - Magellan sets sail for the Atlantic Ocean
September 26, 1519 - Tenerife,  Canary Islands - Anchor at Tenerife to load more provisions and freshwater

October 1, 1519 - Tenerife - A crewman abandons the fleet but another four join Magellan. The fleet weighs anchor on the next day

November 20, 1519 - Line of the Equator - The line of the Equator is crossed
November 29, 1519 - In sight of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Magellan arrives in Brazil and sights Cabo Frio (Cold Cape)
December 13, 1519 - Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro - Magellan's expedition stays for two weeks resting at Guanabara Bay

December 20, 1519 - Guanabara Bay - Crewman Antonio Salomón is tried and executed for homossexual practices
December 27, 1519 - Guanabara Bay - Magellan departs Guanabara Bay
January 10, 1520 - River Plate - Magellan heads south convinced that River Plate is not the passage he is looking for

February 27, 1520 - Off Puerto Deseado - Magellan passes the Deseado river and sails south. Seals and Sea Lions are hunted on a small island
March 31, 1520 - Puerto San Julián, Patagonia - Magellan anchors at San Julián
April 3, 1520 - Puerto San Julián - Mutiny during two days in one of the ships
April 7, 1520 - Puerto San Julián - After justice is done with the mutineers, Magellan decides to spend the winter there
August 24, 1520 - Puerto San Julián - Magellan weighs anchor and continues his voyage with four ships
October 21, 1520 - Cape Virgenes - Magellan seeks the entrance of the Strait to the Pacific. A storm helps him
November 11, 1520 - Strait of Magellan - Magellan enters the Strait that was named after him
November 28, 1520 - Pacific Ocean - Magellan reaches the end of the Strait
January 24, 1521 - Puka-Puka, French Polynesia - Landfall on an uninhabited island which Magellan names St.Paul
January 28, 1521 - Puka-Puka, French Polynesia - Magellan continues voyage
March 6, 1521 - Guam Island - Magellan reaches Guam after the long Pacific Ocean crossing
March 17, 1521 - Suluan and Homonhon Islands, Philippines - Arrival at the first islands of the Philippines. Magellan anchors at both in the same day
April 7, 1521 - Island of Cebu, Philippines - Magellan is guided by indigenous boats to the Island of Cebu
April 27, 1521 - Mactan Island, Philippines - Magellan is killed by lapu-lapu indians in Mactan Island, near Cebu City =(END)

(*) Dom, abreviation, D. - a portuguese equivalent of the british "Sir"/"Dame"
(**) A padrão was a marble marker, about fifteen feet high, bearing the coat of arms of the Portuguese Crown; these were setup in many parts of Asia and Africa as symbols of discovery and possession)

Bibliography
GARCIA, José Manuel - "O Terrível - A grande biografia de Afonso de Albuquerque", 2017

Turgut Reis | Timeline

Dragut (Turkish: Turgut Reis) (1485 – 23 June 1565), known as "The Drawn Sword of Islam", was a famed, respected, and feared Muslim Ottoman Naval Commander of Greek descent. Recognized for his military genius, he was once described by a French admiral as "A living chart of the Mediterranean, skillful enough on land to be compared to the finest generals of the time. No one was more worthy than he to bear the name of king".

October 24, 1485 - Bodrum - Turgut Reis is born

January(?) 1(?), 1497 - Bodrum - Turgut is recruited by an ottoman commander for his extraordinary talent in using spears and arrows

January 22, 1517 - El Mahalla el Kubra, Egypt - Battle of Ridanieh - Ottoman victory over the Mamluk Sultanate

January 24, 1517 - Cairo - Present at the sack of Cairo

February(?) 1(?), 1517 - Alexandria - Turgut Reis returns to Alexandria after the conquest of Egypt (speculative date)

January(?) 1(?), 1520 - Djerba Island, Tunisia - Barbaros Hayreddin is joined by Salih Reis and Turgut Reis at Djerba Island

June(?) 1(?), 1520 - Annaba, E of Algeria - Barbaros, Salih Reis and Turgut Reis assault spanish-controlled Annaba

January(?) 1(?), 1521 - Balearic Islands - Barbaros raids the Balearic Islands

March(?) 1(?), 1521 - Off Cadiz - Barbaros captures several spanish ships returning from the New World

June 1(?), 1522 - Off Island of Rhodes - Barbaros joins Kurtoğlu putting Rhodes under siege

June 26, 1522 - Island of Rhodes - Kurtoğlu lands his troops at the island

December 30(?), 1522 - Island of Rhodes - Barbaros participates in the ottoman conquest of Rhodes

January 1, 1523 - Island of Rhodes - The surviving Knights of St.John depart from the island

June 1(?), 1525 - Coast of Sardinia - Barbaros raids the coasts of Sardinia

January(?) 1(?), 1526 - Capo Passero, SE tip of Sicily - Turgut Reis captures the fortress of Capo Passero

May 1(?), 1533 - near the Island of Aegina, Greece - Turgut Reis captures two venetian ships near the Island of Aegina, Saronic Islands

June 1(?), 1538 - Adriatic Sea - Turgut Reis joins Barbarossa in his pursuit of Andrea Doria

August 1(?), 1538 - Heraklion (Candia), Crete - Turgut Reis captures Heraklion (Candia)

September 28, 1538 - Preveze, Ionian Sea - Battle of Preveze - Great ottoman victory

June 12, 1539 - Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi), Montenegro - Barbaros lands at Castelnuovo and put siege to the city

July 23, 1539 - Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi), Montenegro - Ottoman assault to the city - Turgut Reis captures five ships

August 5, 1539 - Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi), Montenegro - Barbaros and Turgut Reis capture Castelnuovo

December 1, 1539 - Corfu - Landing at Corfu - Turgut Reis encounters 12 Venetian galleys under the command of Francesco Pasqualigo and captures the galley of Antonio da Canal

January 1, 1540 - Djerba Island, Tunisia - Turgut Reis is appointed Governor of Djerba

April 1(?), 1540 - Island of Gozo, Malta - Turgut Reis lands at Gozo and sacks the Island

June 15, 1540 - Girolata, NW Corsica - Turgut Reis is captured while a maintenance was being done to the ships - apparently Salih Reis escapes - speculative date

July(?) 1(?), 1540 - Genoa - Turgut Reis is taken in irons to Genoa - speculative date

May(?) 29(?), 1544 - Genoa - With his 210 ships, Barbaros threatens to attack the city unless it frees Turgut Reis

June 5(?), 1544 - Elba Island - Barbaros appears before Elba, threatening to bombard Piombino unless the city's Lord releases the son of Sinan Reis who had been captured and baptized 10 years earlier by the Spaniards in Tunis, he obtained his release. He then captures Castiglione della Pescaia, Talamone and Orbetello in the province of Grosseto in Tuscany. There, he destroys the tomb and burns the remains of Bartolomeo Peretti, who had burned his father's house in Mytilene the previous year, in 1543. He then captures Montiano and occupies Porto Ercole and the Isle of Giglio. He later assaults Civitavecchia, but Leone Strozzi, the French envoy, convinces Barbarossa to lift the siege

July 1(?), 1544 - Ischia - After assaulting the coasts of Sardinia, Barbaros lands at Ischia, capturing the city as well as Forio and the Isle of Procida, before threatening Pozzuoli

July(?) 15(?), 1544 - Lipari - Barbaros lands for the last time on the Italian Peninsula. There, he bombards the citadel for 15 days before they surrender

June 1(?), 1545 - North Coast of Sicily - Turgut Reis bombards the north coast of Sicily

July 1(?), 1545 - Island of Capraia, NW Elba Island - Turgut Reis ravages the Island of Capraia

April 1(?), 1546 - Laigueglia, Liguria - Turgut Reis captures Laiguelia with a force of 1,000 men

August 1(?), 1546 - Toulon - Turgut Reis reaches to the security of Toulon, staying there for several months while Andrea Doria was trying to force him out of the Malta area

July 1, 1547 - Malta - Turgut Reis assaults Malta once again with a force of 23 galleys and galiots

July 29, 1547 - Salve, Apulia - Turgut Reis assaults the city of Salve

January(?) 1(?), 1548 - Djerba Island, Tunisia - Turgut Reis is appointed "Beylerbeyi" of Algeria. Makes base at Djerba, where he orders the construction of a quadrireme galley at the naval arsenal of the Island

August 1(?), 1548 - Castellamare di Stabia, Bay of Naples - Turgut Reis lands at Castellamare di Stabia and captures it along with the nearby town of Pozzuoli

May 1(?), 1549 - ? - Sails toward Liguria with 21 galleys, including his new quadrireme galley

July 1(?), 1549 - Rapallo, SE Genoa - Turgut Reis assaults Rapallo

February 1(?), 1550 - Mahdia, Tunisia - Turgut Reis recaptures Mahdia, along with Al Munastir, Sousse and most of Tunisia, with a force of 36 galleys

May 1(?), 1550 - Sardinia - Turgut Reis assaults the ports of Sardinia

May 20(?), 1550 - Bonifacio, Sardinia - Turgut Reis tries the capture of Bonifacio, but is unsuccessful

May 25(?), 1550 - Island of Gozo, Malta - Stops at the Island of Gozo to replenish his ships with water and to gather information on the activities of the Maltese Knights. Sails to Liguria

June 1(?), 1550 - Off Genoa - Turgut Reis attacks Rapallo for the third time. Then sails toward Spain

July 1(?), 1550 - W Sardinia - Lands at the western shores of Sardinia

September 1(?), 1550 - Djerba Island, Tunisia - Turgut Reis repairs his ships at the beach of Djerba while Mahdia surrenders to the joint spanish-sicilian-maltese force

October 1(?), 1550 - Djerba Island, Tunisia - Turgut Reis is blocked by Andrea Doria's fleet inside the island's lagoon

December(?) 1(?), 1550 - Istanbul - Turgut Reis returns to Istanbul

March(?) 1(?), 1551 - Istanbul - Turgut Reis departs from Istanbul with Sinan Pasha and a fleet of 112 galleys, 2 galleasses and 12,000 janissaries

May 1(?), 1551 - Augusta, E of Sicily - Sinan Pasha and Turgut Reis bombard the city of Augusta, as revenge for the Viceroy of Sicily's role in the invasion and destruction of Mahdia, where most inhabitants had been massacred by the joint Spanish-Sicilian-Maltese force

July 1(?), 1551 - Malta - Turgut Reis and Sinan Pasha land 10,000 men at Marsa Muscietto and put siege to Birgu and Senglea. Later they assault Mdina, but lift the siege after realizing that it was impossible to capture the island with the number of troops in hand

July 18, 1551 - Island of Gozo, Malta - Bombardment of Gozo

July 30, 1551 - Tripoli, Libya - Arrival at Tripoli

August 15, 1551 - Tripoli, Libya - Turgut Reis attacks and captures Tripoli

September 1(?), 1551 - Taggia, Liguria - Turgut Reis sails to Liguria and captures Taggia

May(?) 1(?), 1552 - Istanbul - Turgut Reis departs from Istanbul with a fleet to Italy (in alliance with Henry II of France)

July 1, 1552 - Taormina, E Sicily - Turgut Reis lands at Taomina and later bombards the ports on the Gulf of Policastro

August 5, 1552 - Off Ponza, S Anzio, Italy - Battle of Ponza - Franco-Ottoman victory

May 1(?), 1553 - Chios Island, Greece - Turgut Reis sets sail from the Aegean Sea with 60 galleys

May 15(?), 1553 - Crotone - Turgut Reis captures Crotone and Castello in Calabria

August 24, 1553 - Bastia, Corsica - The city is taken by the franco-ottoman forces.

September(?) 1(?), 1553 - Bonifacio, Corsica - The city is taken by the franco-ottoman forces. Turgut Reis sets sail to Istanbul

October(?) 1(?), 1553 - Istanbul - Turgut Reis returns to Istanbul

December(?) 15(?), 1553 - Istanbul - Sails from the Bosphorus with 60 galleys towards Chios Island

January(?) 1(?), 1554 - Chios Island, Greece - Winter in Chios

June(?) 1(?), 1554 - Vieste, near Foggia - Turgut Reis sails into the Adriatic Sea and lands at Vieste, capturing and sacking the city

July(?) 1(?), 1554 - Ragusa (Dubrovnik) - Sails towards Dalmatia and bombards the port of Ragusa
August(?) 1(?), 1554 - Orbetello, SE Grossetto - Turgut Reis lands at Orbetello and raids the coasts of Tuscany
July 1(?), 1555 - Capo Vaticano, Calabria - Turgut Reis lands at Capo Vaticano
March 1(?), 1556 - Tripoli, Libya - Turgut Reis is appointed Pasha of Tripoli. There, he strenghtens the walls of the citadel surrounding the city and builds a gunpowder bastion
July 1(?), 1556 - Lampedusa Island - Turgut Reis lands at Cape Santa Maria at the island of Lampedusa, where he captures a Venetian ship which transported ammunition and weapons for the defense of Malta
December 1(?), 1556 - Gafsa, Tunisia - Turgut Reis expands his territory in Tunisia, capturing Gafsa
January(?) 1(?), 1557 - Istanbul - Turgut Reis returns to Istanbul
July(?) 1(?), 1557 - Istanbul - Turgut Reis leaves the Bosphorus with a fleet of 60 galleys in the "summer"
August(?) 1(?), 1557 - Gulf of Taranto | Cariati - Turgut Reis arrives at the Gulf of Taranto. Lands in Calabria and assaults Cariati, capturing the city
January(?) 1(?), 1558 - Gharyan, S Tripoli - Turgut Reis expands his territory in Libya
April(?) 1(?), 1558 - Istanbul - The ottoman fleet sets sail to the Western Mediterranean
June 1(?), 1558 - Strait of Messina - Joins the fleet of Piyale Pasha and together they capture and sack Reggio Calabria
June 13, 1558 - Sorrento (Napoli / Salerno) - Turgut Reis and Piyale Pasha capture Sorrento
August 1(?), 1558 - Off Malta - Several ships captured off Malta
September 1(?), 1558 - Ciutadella, Minorca Island - Turgut Reis rejoins Piyale Pasha and the two admirals assault the coasts of Spain before capturing Ciutadella
January(?) 1(?), 1559 - Off Algiers - Turgut Reis repells a spanish attack on Algiers
May 9, 1560 - Djerba Island, Tunisia - Battle of Djerba - Great ottoman victory
March 1(?), 1561 - Marettimo Island, W of Sicily - Turgut Reis and Uluç Ali Reis capture the island of Marettimo
June 1(?), 1561 - Stromboli Island - Turgut Reis lands on the Island of Stromboli
July 1(?), 1561 - ? - Captures seven Maltese galleys under the command of knight Guimarens, whom he later freed for a ransom of 3,000 gold ducats
July 8(?), 1561 - Island of Gozo, Malta - Stop at Gozo to replenish the galleys with water
July 15(?), 1561 - Tripoli, Libya - Turgut Reis arrives at Tripoli
August 1(?), 1561 - Naples - Turgut Reis lays siege to the city of Naples and blocks the port with 35 galleys
April 1(?), 1562 - Off Malta - Turgut Reis sends scout ships to explore all corners of the island of Malta
September(?) 1(?), 1562 - Off Oran, Morocco - Lays siege to Oran, which was under spanish control (speculative date)
January(?) 1(?), 1563 - La Herradura Bay, Almuñécar - Turgut Reis lands at the shores of the province of Granada and captures Almuñécar, along with 4,000 prisoners
April 3, 1563 - Oran and Mers-el-Kebir, Morocco - Turgut Reis, with 20 ships and 20 pieces of siege artillery, joins the 10,000 men of Salih Reis and lays siege to Oran and Mers-el-Kébir
September 1(?), 1563 - Off Capri Island - Captures six ships off the Island of Capri
October 1(?), 1563 - Capo Passero, Sicily - Turgut Reis passes by Capo Passero
May 31, 1565 - Dragut Point, Malta - Turgut Reis joins Piyale Pasha with 1,600 men and 15 ships and lands in Marsa Muscietto (Dragut Point)
June 17, 1565 - Malta - Siege of Malta - Turgut Reis is gravely wounded by splinters from a cannonball
June 23, 1565 - Malta - Turgut Reis succumbs to his wounds and dies, aged 80 =(END)

John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough | Timeline

General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 1st Prince of Mindelheim, 1st Count of Nellenburg, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, KG PC (26 May 1650 – 16 June 1722) was an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs. Rising from a lowly page at the court of the House of Stuart, he served James, Duke of York, through the 1670s and early 1680s, earning military and political advancement through his courage and diplomatic skill.
Churchill's role in defeating the Monmouth Rebellion in 1685 helped secure James on the throne, yet just three years later he abandoned his Catholic patron for the Protestant Dutchman, William of Orange. Honoured for his services at William's coronation with the earldom of Marlborough, he served with further distinction in the early years of the Nine Years' War, but persistent charges of Jacobitism brought about his fall from office and temporary imprisonment in the Tower. It was not until the accession of Queen Anne in 1702 that Marlborough reached the zenith of his powers and secured his fame and fortune.
His marriage to the hot-tempered Sarah Jennings – Anne's intimate friend – ensured Marlborough's rise, first to the Captain-Generalcy of British forces, then to a dukedom. Becoming de facto leader of Allied forces during the War of the Spanish Succession, his victories on the fields of Blenheim (1704), Ramillies (1706), Oudenarde (1708), and Malplaquet (1709), ensured his place in history as one of Europe's great generals. But his wife's stormy relationship with the Queen, and her subsequent dismissal from court, was central to his own fall. Incurring Anne's disfavour, and caught between Tory and Whig factions, Marlborough, who had brought glory and success to Anne's reign, was forced from office and went into self-imposed exile. He returned to England and to influence under the House of Hanover with the accession of George I to the British throne in 1714. (Intro from Wikipedia)

May 26, 1650 - Ashe House, Devon - John Churchill is born

January(?) 1(?), 1662 - Dublin, Ireland - Enrolls at the Dublin Free School (His father was appointed Commissioner for irish land Claims)

January(?) 1(?), 1664 - London - Following his father's recall to Whitehall, John transfers his studies to St.Paul's School

September 14, 1667 - Whitehall, London - John Churchill obtains a commission of Ensign in the King's Own Company in the 1st Guards, later to become the Grenadier Guards =(START)

July(?) 1(?), 1668 - London - Churchill departs to Tangiers, in the "Summer"

July(?) 12(?), 1668 - Lisbon - The fleet anchors at Lisbon to take in 400 soldiers that fought in Portugal

July(?) 20(?), 1668 - Tangier, Morocco - Churchill arrives at Tangier, where he stays for three years, gaining first-class tactical training and field experience skirmishing with the moors.

July 2, 1669 - Tangier, Morocco - Forces of El Rasheed II attack Tangiers and are repelled

July 18, 1669 - Tangier, Morocco - Second attack by Moroccan forces, and again repelled

March 21, 1670 - Tangier, Morocco - Churchill is assigned to serve Admiral Thomas Allin in the Mediterranean

August 12, 1670 - Off Cap Spartel, W Tangier - Allin's Fleet finds the Algerian fleet - captures six ships and saves 250 Christians

October(?) 1(?), 1670 - London - Churchill arrives in London in Allin's Fleet in the "Winter"

February 5, 1671 - London - Churchill fights a duel with Sir John Fenwick after a quarrel at a masquerade.

March 6, 1671 - Gravesend - Receives orders to embark his company on the ship of Sir Robert Holmes

March 13, 1672 - English Channel - A non-provoked attack to the Smyrna Convoy initiates the Third Anglo-Dutch War

May 1(?), 1672 - Chatham(?) - Receives orders to embark with his company in the "Royal Prince", of the Duke of York

June 7, 1672 - Solebay - Young John Churchill fights against the Dutch Navy in the Battle of Solebay, probably aboard the Duke of York's flagship, the "Prince"

June 10 - Gravesend(?) - Churchill jumps two ranks and becomes captain to replace dead captains

July 16, 1672 - Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, gives birth to Churchill's daughter, Barbara.

November(?) 1(?), 1672 - Yarmouth Camp (Great Yarmouth?) - Sir Edmund Andros begins to organize forces to go to Holland

December 27, 1672 - Calais - The company of the now Captain Churchill disembarks and establishes a winter camp

June 13, 1673 - Maastricht - Beginning of the siege of Maastricht - young Churchill serves Monmouth for the French

June 27, 1673 - Maastricht - First attack on Maastricht by the english contingent - Churchill is wounded

July(?) 1(?), 1673 - Maastricht - Louis XIV is so impressed by the courage of Churchill that he tells Charles II

March 3, 1674 - London(?) - Charles II designates Churchill Colonel of the English Army

April 13, 1674 - Versailles - Churchill receives the rank of Colonel of the French army, of Louis XIV

June 1, 1674 - Haguenau - Churchill departs with Turenne and Percy Kirke

June 14, 1674 - Philippsburg - Turenne crosses the Rhine at Philippsburg

June 16, 1674 - Sinsheim, SE of Heidelberg - Battle of Sinsheim - French victory over the Holy Roman Empire

September 26, 1674 - Entzheim, near Strasbourg - Turenne and Churchill attack Entzheim

October 2, 1674 - Neckar River(?) - Starts a two-day march to reach Molsheim

October 4, 1674 - Molsheim - Arrival to Molsheim

February 1(?), 1675 - Paris - Churchill arrives in Paris and receives a promotion letter from Monmouth

March(?) 1(?), 1675 - London(?) - Churchill returns to England (speculative date and place)

August 1, 1675 - Paris - John Churchill returns to Paris, to obtain the subsidy of Louis XIV to Charles II

October 1, 1675 - Paris - Churchill makes arrangements to bring his silverware to England

December 1(?), 1675 - Paris - Churchill prepares to leave for England

January(?) 1(?), 1676 - Whitehall, London - In England, Churchill gets involved with Sarah Jenyns

November 1(?), 1676 - Whitehall, London - Both rivals for the throne recommend Churchill to command in France

November 18, 1676 - London - Sir John Berry leaves with a Company for Virginia, organized by Churchill

April 1, 1678 - The Hague - Churchill departs to The Hague to negotiate the deployment of the English army in Flanders

December(?) 1(?), 1678 - London - Return to London from the Netherlands

July 19, 1681 - Edinburgh, Scotland - Sarah gives birth to Henrietta

December 21, 1682 - London(?) - Churchill is made Lord Churchill of Eyemouth

July 1(?), 1683 - Denmark(?) - Churchill is sent to the Continent to conduct Prince George of Denmark to England

July 28, 1683 - St.James's Palace, London - Wedding of Prince George of Denmark with Princess Anne

November 19, 1683 - St.James's Palace, London - Lord Churchill is appointed Colonel of the King's Own Royal Regiment of Dragoons

February 6, 1685 - St.James's Palace, London - King Charles II dies

February 12(?), 1685 - Versailles, France - Churchill is dispatched to Versailles to take the news to King Louis XIV, and to inform him that Charles' brother James, Duke of York, would accept the throne and become King James II of England and VII of Scotland.

April 23, 1685 - Westminster Abbey, London - Attends the coronation of King James II and becomes the King's gentleman of the bedchamber

May 1(?), 1685 - St.James's Palace, London - Receives the title of Baron Churchill of Sandbridge

June 11, 1685 - St.James's Palace - News arrive that the Duke of Monmouth had landed at Lyme Regis in Dorset, and was inciting a Protestant rebellion against the new king

June 17, 1685 - Bridport - Churchill reaches Bridport at the head of eight troops of horse and five companies of foot

June 27, 1685 - Norton St.Philip - Skirmishes with Monmouth. The inexperienced commander of the royal army, Earl Feversham, is repulsed. Churchill's rearguard of dragoons prevent the rebels from pursuing. Monmouth slips away to the southwest

July 3, 1685 - Westonzoyland, Bridgewater, SW Bristol - Churchill is promoted to Major General

July 6, 1685 - Westonzoyland, Bridgewater, SW Bristol - Battle of Sedgemoor - Decisive victory of James II's army
November 5, 1688 - Brixham | Exeter, England - William lands at Brixham and from there, moves his army to Exeter

November 7, 1688 - Salisbury - In Lord Feversham's army - Churchill is promoted to Lieutenant-General

November 23, 1688 - Axminster - Attends the King's council for the last time
November 24, 1688 - Axminster - Churchill and other officers leave the Royal camp and join Willem III

January 1, 1689 - London - Churchill welcomes Prince William into London
April 9, 1689 - London - Churchill is created Earl of Marlborough
April 11, 1689 - Westminster Abbey, London - Coronation of William and Mary
April(?) 25(?), 1689 - Flanders - Marlborough is sent to Flanders with a 8,000-strong anglo-scottish contingent

May 7, 1689 - While in Flanders(?) - England declares War on France
August 25, 1689 - Walcourt, S of Charleroi - Battle of Walcourt - Grand Alliance Victory, against France

September 21, 1690 - Cork, Ireland - Marlborough reaches Cork on board his flagship "Royal Sovereign" and blockades the port with his fleet. 5,000 men prepare to land

September 24, 1690 - Passage West, Ireland - Marlborough captures several of the harbour's defences and lands troops at Passage West. From the north, 4,000 danish troops under the Duke of Württenberg close the siege of Cork

September 29, 1690 - Kinsale, Ireland - Marlborough lays siege to Kinsale

October 16, 1690 - Kinsale - Kinsale surrenders to Marlborough after an assault
October 1(?), 1691 - London - Returns to London with Willem III

December(?) 1(?), 1691 - Holland - Sent to Holland to help plan a renewed campaign against the french
January 20, 1692 - London - Marlborough is dismissed and not allowed to appear in Court
May 4, 1692 - Tower of London - Marlborough is arrested in the Tower of London
June 15, 1692 - Tower of London - Marlborough is released
March 15, 1702 - ? - Marlborough is appointed Captain-General of the Forces
June 1(?), 1702 - Kaiserswerth (Dusseldorf) - Marlborough takes Kaiserswerth
September(?), 25(?), 1702 - Venlo - Marlborough takes Venlo
September(?), 29(?), 1702 - Stevensweert - Marlborough takes Stevensweert
October(?) 7(?), 1702 - Roermond - Marlborough takes Roermond
October 29(?), 1702 - Liège - Marlborough takes Liège
December 1(?), 1702 - After his latest series of victories, the grateful Queen publicly proclaims Marlborough a Duke
May 1(?), 1704 - Low Countries - Marlborough marches along the Danube
May 19, 1704 - Bedburg, NW of Cologne - First stage of the March, with 21,000 men
May 26, 1704 - Coblenz - Second stage of the March, where the Moselle meets the Rhine, with 26,000 men
June 6, 1704 - Wiesloch, S of Heidelberg - Arrival to Wiesloch
June 10, 1704 - Mundelsheim (N of Stuttgart) - Marlborough meets with Prince Eugene, accompanied by Count Wratislaw
June 13, 1704 - Großheppach (NE Stuttgart) - Prince Louis of Baden joins Marlborough and Eugene for 110,000 men
June 22, 1704 - Launsheim - Marlborough joins Baden in Launsheim
July 2, 1704 - Donauwörth - Marlborough crosses the Danube, assaulting the fortress of Schellenberg
August 7, 1704 - Ingolstadt - Marlborough puts siege on the heavily defended city

The Duke of Marlborough during
the Battle of Blenheim

August 13, 1704 - Blindheim, Höchstädt, Bavaria - Battle of BLENHEIM - Decisive Grand Alliance victory
December 14, 1704 - London - Marlborough returns to England, acclaimed by Queen Anne
June 15, 1705 - River Meuse (SW Bastogne) - Attempt to invade France through the Low Countries fails and Marlborough retreats
July 17, 1705 - Elixheim, S of Zoutleeuw - Marlborough Sustains a French offensive and forces the Brabant lines at Elixheim
November 18, 1705 - Emperor Leopold I makes Marlborough Prince of Mindelheim
January 11, 1706 - London - Marlborough arrives in London at the end of his diplomatic tour
April 14, 1706 - The Hague - Marlborough lands in the Netherlands
May 9, 1706 - The Hague - Marlborough heads for the battle front
May 17, 1706 - Tongeren, near Maastricht - Marlborough concentrates his Anglo-Dutch troops
May 23, 1706 - Ramillies, N of Namur - Battle of RAMILLIES - Grand Alliance Victory
May 25, 1706 - Leuven - The city falls
May 28, 1706 - Brussels - The city falls
June 6, 1706 - Antwerp - The city falls
August 22, 1706 - Menin (Menen) - The city falls
September 6, 1706 - Dendermonde - The city falls
October 2, 1706 - Ath - The city falls
July 10, 1708 - Lessines - City taken after forced march along the Schelde
July 11, 1708 - Oudenaarde, Belgium - Battle of OUDENAARDE - Decisive Grand Alliance victory
August 12, 1708 - Lille - Marlborough and Eugene put siege to Lille
August 22, 1708 - Lille - The Allies enter the city, after 12 thousand casualties
June 27, 1709 - Tournai - The Allies attack Tournai
September 3, 1709 - Tournai - The city surrenders after 69 days of siege
September 11, 1709 - Malplaquet - Battle of MALPLAQUET - Grand Alliance Pyrrhic victory
September 20, 1709 - Mons - Marlborough takes the city
March 9, 1710 - Geertruidenberg, Netherlands - Observer during the peace talks
June 29, 1710 - Douai - City taken
August 29, 1710 - Béthune - City taken
September 20, 1710 - Saint-Venant - City taken
November 9, 1710 - Aire-sur-la-Lys - City taken
January 17, 1711 - London - Marlborough visits the Queen and tries to save his wife's post
February 27, 1711 - The Hague - Marlborough returns to The Hague to prepare for his last campaign
July 6, 1711 - Arleux - Marlborough captures the small fortress of Arleux
August 4, 1711 - Arras - Furious for losing Arleux, Marlborough reconnoiters Arras
September 12, 1711 - Bouchain - The Fortress of Bouchain surrenders unconditionally

Marlborough, 1716

December 29, 1711 - Marlborough receives dismissal letter from Queen Anne
September 27, 1712 - St.Albans - Present at the funeral of Sidney Godolphin, Earl of Godolphin
November 20, 1712 - London(?) - Marlborough leaves England and seeks exile on the Continent
May 15(?), 1713 - Frankfurt - Marlborough is acclaimed by the people and by his former soldiers
August 1, 1714 - London(?) - Marlborough returns to England on the day of Queen Anne's death
October 20, 1714 - Westminster Abbey, London - Coronation of King George I
May 18, 1716 - Holywell House (St. Albans) - Marlborough suffers a paralytic attack after the death of her second daughter
November 1(?), 1716 - Blenheim Palace, Woodstock - Marlborough suffers a more severe attack that affects his speech only
January(?) 1(?), 1719 - Blenheim Palace, Woodstock - Marlborough and wife move to a full wing of Blenheim Palace
June 16, 1722 - Windsor Lodge, Berkshire - John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, dies, aged 72 =(END)