(*) Dom - a title today almost extinct due to the implementation of the Republic in Portugal in 1910, is similar to the "Sir" title in Britain
February 7, 1500 - Lisbon, Portugal - João de Castro is born
January(?) 1(?), 1518 - Tangier, Morocco - 18-year-old João de Castro embarks for the fortified city of Tangier at the age of 18, where he places himself at the service of the governor, D.Duarte de Meneses =(START)
January(?) 1(?), 1524 - Almada, Portugal - João de Castro returns to Portugal already armed as a knight and having participated in several battles. He marries his cousin D.Leonor Coutinho
January(?) 1(?), 1525 - Almada - First son, Álvaro de Castro, is born
October 25, 1527 - Almada - Letter from King John III in Coimbra summoning him
November 2, 1532 - Almada - The King favors him with an annual pension of 30,000 reais
May 1(?), 1534 - Safim (Safi, Morocco) - Commands a caravel with reinforcements, ammunition and supplies for Safim, who was besieged by the Moors
March 1(?), 1535 - Lisbon, Portugal - Arrives from Tangier
April 1(?), 1535 - Lisbon - António Saldanha's Portuguese squadron sails for Tunis, via Barcelona
April 8, 1535 - Barcelona - The Portuguese squadron arrives in Barcelona
June 2, 1535 - Barcelona - Sets sail for Tunis. Prince D.Luis embarks in Barcelona in Charles V's galley
June 12, 1535 - Tunis, Tunisia - Arrives at Tunis
June 14, 1535 - La Golleta, Tunis - La Goletta is taken
June 21, 1535 - Tunis - Tunis is taken
August 17, 1535 - Tunis - The portuguese fleet sets sail back to Lisbon
October 15, 1535 - Lisbon, Portugal - The portuguese fleet returns to Lisbon
January(?) 1(?), 1536 - Penha Verde, Sintra, Portugal - He returns to Portugal and retires to his house in Sintra Mountains
January 31, 1538 - Penha Verde - The king grants him the commandry of Salvaterra
April 6, 1538 - Belém, Lisbon, Portugal - Sails to India in the armada of D.Garcia de Noronha, commanding the ship "Grifo", to help Diu, who was threatened with siege by the Turks. Starts writing his "roteiro" (Logbook) from Lisbon to Goa
April 10, 1538 - Off Porto Santo Island, Madeira, Portugal - Porto Santo Island is sighted
April 13, 1538 - Off La Palma Island, Canary Islands - D.João de Castro begins experiments with a "special instrument of shadows, in ivory" offered by Prince D.Luis, in which he makes the first determinations of latitude by extrameridian heights of the Sun, at Sea
April 22, 1538 - Off Cape Verde Islands - The fleet reaches the Cape Verde Islands
June 27, 1538 - Cape Agulhas, South Africa - Reaches Cape Agulhas without seeing Cape of Good Hope
July 2, 1538 - Coast of Natal, South Africa - Sailing by the coast of Natal
July 25, 1538 - Primeiras Islands, near Angoche, Mozambique - Reaches the Primeiras Islands
July 28, 1538 - Island of Mozambique - Reaches the Island of Mozambique
August 5, 1538 - Island of Mozambique - Letter to King John III. He notes the deviation of his magnetic needle 128 years before Guillaume Dennis (1666)
August 11, 1538 - Island of Mozambique - Weighs anchor and sails to Goa
August 14, 1538 - Comoros Island - Comoros Island is sighted
September 11, 1538 - Goa, India - The armada of D.Garcia de Noronha arrives in Goa
November 21, 1538 - Goa - Sails for Diu
December 6, 1538 - Chaul - Stopover of four days in Chaul
December 19, 1538 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - Stopover in Baçaim
December 22, 1538 - near Baçaim - Observes another magnetic phenomenon with his new instrument
January 3, 1539 - Dabul (Dabhol, India) - Stopover of four days in Dabul
January 16, 1539 - Danda - Arrives at Danda
January 24, 1539 - Chaul - Stopover of seven days in Chaul
March 11, 1539 - Diu - Arrives in Diu (staying until March 24th)
March 29, 1539 - Goa - Returns to Goa (from Diu)
October 29, 1539 - Goa - Letter to Prince D. Luis
April 3, 1540 - Goa - Viceroy D.Garcia de Noronha dies
October 30, 1540 - Goa - Letter to Prince D.Luis
December 31, 1540 - Goa - Expedition to the Suez with Estêvão da Gama, in command of the "Coulão Novo". Begins writing a new "roteiro" (logbook)
January 13, 1541 - Off Island of Socotra - The Island of Socotra is sighted
January 20, 1541 - Qalansiyah (Calecea, Island of Socotra) - The fleet anchors at Qalansiyah and sails to the Red Sea on the next day
January 22, 1541 - Abd Al Kuri Island - Abd Al Kuri Island is sighted
January 27, 1541 - Off Aden - Sailing off Aden
January 28, 1541 - Bab al-Mandab Strait, Red Sea - The fleet enters the Red Sea
January 31, 1541 - Sarbo Island, Howakil Bay, Eritrea - Reaches Sarbo Island and goes ashore on the next morning
February 8, 1541 - Dahlak Islands, Eritrea - Reaches the Dahlak Islands
February 14, 1541 - Massawa, Eritrea - Arrival in Massawa
February 18, 1541 - Massawa - Continues voyage
February 22, 1541 - Amarat Islands (Aqiq Kabir, Sudan) - Anchors off Amarat Islands
February 28, 1541 - Suakin, Sudan - Anchors in the harbour of Suakin
March 10, 1541 - Suakin - Continues voyage
March 17, 1541 - Port Sudan - Reaches Port Sudan after a week of contrary winds
April 10, 1541 - Mukawwar Island, Sudan - Reaches Mukawwar Island
April 27, 1541 - Suez - Reaches Suez and observes the turkish fleet at anchor - 9 big ships and 41 royal galleys. From a tower the turks fire upon the portuguese
April 28, 1541 - Suez - Sets sail back to Massawa
May 14, 1541 - Port Sudan - Returns to Port Sudan
May 22, 1541 - Massawa, Eritrea - Anchors in Massawa harbour
July 9, 1541 - Massawa - After a long wait during a month and a half of rain and thunderstorms, the fleet sets sail to Goa
August 9, 1541 - Angediva Island, India - Anchors in the port of Angediva and stays until August 21st
August 21, 1541 - Goa - Returns to Goa
October 25, 1541 - Goa - Letter to King John III
January 1(?), 1542 - Goa - Sails for Lisbon on board the "São Tomé"
July 1(?), 1542 - Lisbon, Portugal - Arrives in Lisbon
September 25, 1542 - Penha Verde, Sintra, Portugal - The King summons him again
October(?) 1(?), 1542 - Sintra, Portugal - D.João de Castro is appointed captain-major of a coastguard fleet
December 1, 1542 - Sintra - Once the coastguard mission ends, the king again appoints him to command a fleet that was to join the Spanish fleet of D.Álvaro de Bazán in Cádiz, and which was to oppose the passage of the Turkish fleet, commanded by Barbarossa, who intended to occupy Ceuta
May 25, 1543 - Cádiz, Spain(?) - He sends his son to Lisbon on the "São João" galleon
June(?) 1(?), 1543 - Cascais, Portugal - Arrives in Cascais and causes a sensation by bringing a French pirate ship in tow
June 16, 1543 - Cascais - Letter from King John III congratulating him for taking a french pirate's ship
August 3, 1543 - Penha Verde, Sintra - Letter from King John III inviting him to dinner at Sintra and have a conversation
August 9, 1543 - Lisbon - Appointed captain-major of the coastguard fleet about to sail to Ceuta to face the Turks
August 13, 1543 - Lisbon - Sails for Gibraltar
December 16, 1543 - Off Cape St.Vincent, Portugal - Naval combat with 7 French pirate ships
December 24, 1543 - Lisbon - Returns to Lisbon after sinking two of the pirate ships off Cape St.Vincent
December 28, 1543 - Lisbon - Departs in a coastguarding mission again
February 8, 1544 - Sintra, Portugal - Returns to Lisbon and withdraws to Sintra
February 28, 1545 - Sintra, Portugal - D. João de Castro is appointed Governor of India
March 19, 1545 - Lisbon - Signs his Last will and Testament
March 22, 1545 - Lisbon - Letter from King John III
March 28, 1545 - Lisbon - Sails to Goa with 6 ships: "São Tomé, São Pedro, Santo Espírito, São Mateus, Santa Cruz, Salvador"
August 7, 1545 - Island of Mozambique - Sails to Goa
September 2, 1545 - Goa - Arrival in Goa. Martim Afonso de Sousa hands over the government of Portuguese India to D.João de Castro
October 6, 1545 - Goa - Letter to the Hidalcão (Ibrahim Adil Shah I, Sultan of Bijapur) about Meale (or Mealecão), a runaway Prince of Bijapur
October 16, 1545 - Goa - Letter to the Hidalcão (Ibrahim Adil Shah I, Sultan of Bijapur) about Meale (or Mealecão)
October 17, 1545 - Goa - Letter to the Ouvidor (magistrate) of Cochin
December 15(?), 1545 - Goa - The stir between D.João de Castro and Martim Afonso de Sousa increases and the former governor decides to depart for Lisbon
December 25, 1545 - Goa - Letter to King John III
January 1(?), 1546 - Goa - Hostilities begin with the Hidalcão (Ibrahim Adil Shah I, Sultan of Bijapur)
January 30, 1546 - Goa - News arrive about Turkish activities on the Euphrates River
February 2, 1546 - Goa - Peace is signed (with Hidalcão) that assures Portugal the possession of Bardez (North Goa) and Salsette Island (Mumbai)
March 8, 1546 - Goa - Letter from King John III
March 24, 1546 - Goa - Letter from the Bishop of Angra (Azores), from Lisbon
April 1, 1546 - While in Goa - Coge Sofar (Khoja Zufar) writes to D.João de Mascarenhas (Governor of Diu) announcing his appointment as governor of the city of Diu
April 8, 1546 - Goa - Letter from King John III. Arrival in Diu of the forces of Cambay (Gujarat)
April 14, 1546 - Goa - Receives news about the arrival of the forces of Cambay in Diu
April 20, 1546 - While in Goa - His brother D.Fernando arrives in Baçaim
April 22, 1546 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - Sails from Baçaim
 |
| Diu (fortress on the left) |
May 5, 1546 - Diu - Letter to his brother D.Álvaro
June 24, 1546 - Diu - While supervising the trenches during the siege of Diu, Coge Sofar is killed by a cannonball fired from the portuguese fortress
July 1, 1546 - While in Diu - Letter from his brother D.Fernando
July 2, 1546 - While in Diu - Mascarenhas asks for help
July 19, 1546 - Goa - The letters arrive in Goa
July 24, 1546 - While in Goa - D.Álvaro is sent to Diu with relief forces
July 27, 1546 - Chaul - Arrives in Chaul
July 29, 1546 - Chaul - Departs Chaul
August 10, 1546 - While in Goa(?) - Death of his brother D.Fernando
August 28, 1546 - While in Goa(?) - Arrival of D.Álvaro in Diu
September 4, 1546 - Goa - Receives the news of the death of his brother D.Fernando
September 12, 1546 - Goa - An armada from Portugal arrives
September 25, 1546 - Goa - Departs Goa for Baçaim and en route spreads terror along the coast of Cambay, ordering villages to be set on fire and to kill as many people as could be found
October 27, 1546 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - Sails for Diu
November 7, 1546 - Diu - João de Castro arrives with 35 Fustas, caturs, 3 galeons, naus andgales, with 3,000 Portuguese and 300 Indian men
November 10, 1546 - Diu - Defeats the Ottomans and others. Stays in Diu to oversee the rebuilding of the fortress
November 24, 1546 - Diu - Rebuilding of Diu fortress begins
December 16, 1546 - Diu - Letter to King John III
January 8, 1547 - Diu - Letter to the Hidalcão (Ibrahim Adil Shah I, Sultan of Bijapur)
March 16, 1547 - Diu - Letter from Prince D.Luís from Almeirim
March 18, 1547 - Diu - Letter from Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal
April 19, 1547 - Goa - D.João de Castro's triumphant arrival in Goa
September 3, 1547 - Goa - Arrival of an armada from Portugal
September 10(?), 1547 - Ponda, N. of Goa - Incursion into the lands of Hidalcão to Ponda
September 24, 1547 - While in Goa - In Lisbon, the King signs the appointment of D.João de Castro as Viceroy of India
October 1(?), 1547 - Goa - Departs for Cambay
November 7, 1547 - Baroche (Bharuch, Gujarat) - Meeting with the army of the King of Cambay in Baroche
November 25, 1547 - While on his way to Baçaim - Diu Governor Mascarenhas arrives in Goa
November 30(?), 1547 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - Returns to Baçaim
December 30(?), 1547 - Salsete, Goa - New incursions in the lands of the Hidalcão and battle of Salsete
January 1, 1548 - Baçaim (Vasai, near Mumbai) - Returns to Baçaim. Negotiations with Cambay begin
March 30(?), 1548 - Baçaim - Francis Xavier joins Viceroy D.João de Castro in Baçaim
April 15(?), 1548 - Goa - D.João de Castro returns sick to Goa
May 15, 1548 - Goa - A letter from King John III arrives, appointing him to another period of 3 years in the government of India and elevating him to the dignity of Viceroy
June 6, 1548 - Goa - D.João de Castro dies at the arms of St.Francis Xavier, aged 48 =(END)
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