January(?) 1(?), 1485 - Badajoz, Spain - Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras is born
January(?) 1(?), 1510 - Hispaniola - Alvarado arrives in Hispaniola =(START)
November 1(?), 1511 - Punta de Maisi, SE tip of Cuba - Alvarado sails to Cuba on the expedition of Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar - 4 ships and 400 men
January(?) 1(?), 1513 - He is appointed captain and in reward for the services rendered he received an indeterminate number of natives who would pay him tribute and provide him with free labor
November 1(?), 1511 - Punta de Maisi, SE tip of Cuba - Alvarado sails to Cuba on the expedition of Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar - 4 ships and 400 men
January(?) 1(?), 1513 - He is appointed captain and in reward for the services rendered he received an indeterminate number of natives who would pay him tribute and provide him with free labor
April 1(?), 1518 - Santiago de Cuba - Juan de Grijalva departs to Yucatán in expedition. One of the four ships is captained by Pedro de Alvarado.
April 12(?), 1518 - Cozumel Island, Yucatán, Mexico - They land at Cozumel Island and later in the Coast of Yucatán.
April 12(?), 1518 - Cozumel Island, Yucatán, Mexico - They land at Cozumel Island and later in the Coast of Yucatán.
May 1, 1518 - Santiago de Cuba - Alvarado returns to Santiago de Cuba to take good news to the Governor. It doesn't take long to convince Velásquez of the success of a larger expedition, as Alvarado presents him with a small portion of gold, gemstones and other exotic objects obtained from the indians
October 23, 1518 - Santiago de Cuba - Hernán Cortés receives a command to obtain territories in Mexico. Alvarado joins him.
November 18, 1518 - Santiago de Cuba - Cortés weighs anchor with eleven ships and sails South to recruit soldiers and obtain supplies and weapons
February 10, 1519 - Guaniguanico, W of Cuba - Cortés gathers eleven small ships with 518 soldiers, 32 crossbowmen, 13 light cavalrymen, 10 horsemen, 110 sailors, 200 Indians and blacks, 10 cannons, 4 swivel cannons and 15 horses
February 18, 1519 - Guaniguanico, W of Cuba - Cortés sails to Mexico with his expedition. Soon they face a great storm
February 21, 1519 - Cozumel Island, Yucatán, Mexico - The expedition arrives to Cozumel Island, with a ship scattered somewhere. Cortés meets Gerónimo de Aguilar, who lived among the mayas for eight years
March 12, 1519 - Mouth of Grijalva River - The expedition arrives on the Mouth of Grijalva River. The attempt to establish friendly relations with the local indians, since they were totally hostile, was useless. The confrontation was inevitable, but at least it allowed Pedro de Alvarado to demonstrate his qualities as a good soldier when at the head of a hundred men he fought bravely against the numerically superior Indians
March 24, 1519 - Mouth of Grijalva River - Skirmishes with the mayas become a great battle. The Mayas panic as they see horses for the first time
April 17, 1519 - Mouth of Grijalva River - The expedition sails West along the coast
April 21, 1519 - San Juan de Ulúa, Vera Cruz - Arrival to San Juan de Úlua, then, an island
April 22, 1519 - Coast of Mexico opposite to San Juan de Úlua - Cortés founds "Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz". He transfers his army to the continent and builds a fort. The spanish are welcomed.
April 24, 1519 - Coast of Mexico opposite to San Juan de Úlua - A maya embassy arrives. Cortés communicates that he wants to meet the Emperor
May 1, 1519 - Coast of Mexico opposite to San Juan de Úlua - Another maya embassy arrives, bringing with them even richer gifts to Cortés
May 10, 1519 - Coast of Mexico opposite to San Juan de Úlua - In yet another visit, the maya ambassador transmits his emperor's rejection to Cortés' request
June 7, 1519 - Between Quiahuiztlan and Zempoala - Cortés changes his base to 70 kilometers north
June 28, 1519 - Between Quiahuiztlan and Zempoala - Battle between aztecs and totomac / zempoala rebels, supported by Cortés
July 1, 1519 - Vera Cruz - Return to Vera Cruz to direct tasks and order the manufacture of bricks
August 8, 1519 - Zempoala, Mexico - The defenses at Vera Cruz are completed and garrisoned. Cortés marches to Zempoala
August 16, 1519 - Zempoala, Mexico - Cortés renames Zempoala as Nueva Sevilla (New Seville) and departs to inland Mexico. Behind him, in Vera Cruz, he leaves 100 soldiers to guard the new town and receive reinforcements from Spain
August 31, 1519 - Tlaxcala Region - Cortés' vanguard enters in combat. The dead horses are hidden
September 12, 1519 - Tlaxcala Region - The leader of Tlaxcala, Xicoténcatl, asks for forgiveness to Cortés for the attacks
September 18, 1519 - Tlaxcala - Cortés enters in Tlaxcala, with great festivities in his honor
October 18, 1519 - Cholula, Mexico - Cholula Massacre. Cortés has aztec conspirators killed and sacks villages
November 1, 1519 - Cholula, Mexico - The Spanish army leaves Cholula devastated as Cortés heads to Huejotzingo
November 8, 1519 - Amecameca - Cortés arrives in Amecameca, after crossing the snow laden mountains of Popocatepl and Iztac
November 14, 1519 - Tenochtitlán - Cortés receives news of aztec attacks in Vera Cruz. Moctezuma is taken to the spanish headquarters and placed in check.
December 3, 1519 - Tenochtitlán - Cualpopoca, the aztec chief responsible for the Vera Cruz attacks, arrives with another fifteen officials and his sons. They are tortured and burned alive at Tenochtitlán's main square. Moctezuma is arrested.
May 29, 1520 - Zempoala, Mexico - During the night, Cortés' men climb to Zempoala's Pyramid where Pánfilo de Nárvaez slept and arrest him, wounding him in the eye with a pike. His army surrenders to Cortés.
June 24, 1520 - Tenochtitlán - Cortés returns to Tenochtitlán to reprimand Alvarado
June 25, 1520 - Tenochtitlán - Cortés releases Moctezuma's brother to open commerce, however, the aztecs attack
June 28, 1520 - Tenochtitlán - Spanish forces are stuck in Tenochtitlán by a large number of aztecs
June 29, 1520 - Tenochtitlán - Moctezuma dies, three days after being stoned by his own people
July 1, 1520 - Tenochtitlán - "Noche Triste" (Sad Night). The Spanish army tries to sneak out of Tenochtitlán during the night of June 30th to July 1st seizing a thick mist. However, they are detected in one of Tenochtitlán's bridges, and unable to use horses and cannons, they are easy prey to the aztecs in canoes. 450 Spanish soldiers are killed, along with 46 horses and 4,000 tlaxcalan auxiliaries.
July 2, 1520 - Cuajimalpa, SW Tenochtitlán - Survivors of the "Noche Triste" arrive in Cuajimalpa
July 7, 1520 - Otumba (Toluca) - The Spanish are attacked by a large number of aztecs, but defeat them
July 11, 1520 - Tlaxcala Region - Cortés arrives in allied territory
August 1, 1520 - Cholula, Mexico - Cortés departs on a punitive expedition against Tepeaca
August 6, 1520 - Tepeaca - 400 Spanish and 40,000 tlaxcalans destroy 400 aztecs in battle. Cruelties are committed
September 15, 1520 - Tepeaca - Cortés is contacted by enemies of the aztecs and attracted to further expeditions
September 18, 1520 - Huaquechula, SW Puebla - Cortés attacks Huaquechula. The aztecs counterattack.
October(?) 1(?), 1520 - Izucar de Matamoros, SW Puebla - Izucar de Matamoros is attacked. 6,000 aztec warriors are massacred
October 15, 1520 - Tepeaca - Back to Tepeaca, Cortés meets with shipbuilders
December 13, 1520 - Tepeaca - Cortés leaves sixty men in Tepeaca and departs to Tlaxcala
December 25, 1520 - Tlaxcala - Cortés spends Christmas in Tlaxcala, with the army
December 27, 1520 - Tlaxcala - Cortés summons the allied chiefs and informs them of the beginning of the offensive for December 29th
January 1, 1521 - Coatepec, S of Texcoco - Cortés advances to Coatepec
January 2, 1521 - Texcoco - Cortés advances to Texcoco
January 9, 1521 - Iztapalapa, SE Tenochtitlán - Cortés advances to Iztapalapa
April 3, 1521 - Tlalmanalco, SE Tenochtitlán - Cortés advances to Tlalmanalco to disperse an aztec army
April 15, 1521 - Xochimilco, S of Tenochtitlán - The Spanish storm the city. Skirmishes against canoes on the next day
April 20, 1521 - Coyoacán, S of Tenochtitlán - Cortés marches to Coyoacán, which was deserted. Short reconaissance to Tenochtitlán
April 22, 1521 - Texcoco - Return to Texcoco
April 28, 1521 - Texcoco - Spanish ships are launched at Texcoco. Emissaries are sent to allies to prepare final attack
June 1, 1521 - Acachinanco, Texcoco - Cortés sets sail in his new ships
June 15, 1521 - Acachinanco, Texcoco - Advance against Iztapalapa
June 30, 1521 - Tlaltelolco, Central Tenochtitlán - Great assault to the central capital, where the Spanish are defeated
July 24, 1521 - Tenochtitlán - Cortés surprises Tenochtitlán's inhabitants and massacres 800 of them
August 3, 1521 - Tenochtitlán - The joint forces of Cortés and Alvarado kill 12,000 civilians
August 13, 1521 - Tenochtitlán - Fall of Tenochtitlán. Emperor Cuauhtémoc is caught while trying to escape
January 31, 1522 - Tututepeque (Tehuantepec Province) - Alvarado is put in front of an expedition composed of 40 soldiers on horseback, 200 infantrymen, 2 cannons and auxiliary indians. His mission: to suppress a native uprising in the province of Tehuantepec
July 1(?), 1523 - River Pánuco, Santisteban del Puerto Region - Alvarado is sent by Cortés to stop an intromission by Francisco de Garay, Governor of "Jamaica", that wanted to occupy territory conquered by Cortés' conquistadors aswell as the the new town of Santisteban del Puerto
December 6, 1523 - Tenochtitlán (Mexico City) - Cortés dispatches Alvarado to conquer territories south from Mexico, 160 horses, 300 footmen (160 of those crossbowmen and arquebusiers) and 4 cannons
January 15(?), 1524 - Tehuantepec - In his way south, Alvarado's troops arrive in Tehuantepec in the middle of January. Men and animals rest
February 13, 1524 - Tehuantepec - Alvarado resumes his march South
February 20, 1524 - Zapotitlán, Guatemala - Pedro de Alvarado defeats 10 to 12 thousand Quichés (K'iche' indians)
March 7, 1524 - Quezalteanango, Guatemala - Pedro de Alvarado destroys the capital. The indian chiefs are burned alive after confessing under torture that they planned the extermination of the spanish
April 11, 1524 - Utatlán, Guatemala - Letter to Cortés informing him of his conquests in Guatemala
April 12, 1524 - Iximche, Guatemala - Pedro de Alvarado arrives at Iximche. The natives of that region offered their friendship to the spanish since the beginning. They witnessed and participated in the destruction of their enemies by Alvarado
June 6, 1524 - River Paz, Guatemala-El Salvador border - Alvarado crosses the River Paz
June 8, 1524 - Acajutla, Sonsonate - El Salvador - As they reach the Pacific Ocean port of Acajutla, a native army of 6,000 is waiting for the spanish. The fight is ferocious with many dead and wounded, and even Alvarado is hit in the leg by an arrow. The spanish captain decides to move north and return to familiar territory as his leg starts infecting
June 17, 1524 - Cuzcatlán (future San Salvador) - Alvarado's column arrives in Cuzcatlán, where San Salvador would be founded in 1525. During the way from Acajutla, the spanish are attacked again but manage to decimate the indians again, even with Alvarado in poor condition
July 21, 1524 - Iximche, Guatemala - Alvarado returns to Iximche
July 24, 1524 - Iximche, Guatemala - Letter to Cortés informing him of his conquests in Guatemala
July 25, 1524 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - As the festivities of Santiago, patron of Spain, were approaching, Alvarado decides to found the city of Santiago de los Caballeros where Iximche existed
June 5, 1525 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - Letter to the Lieutenant-Govenors of Mexico City
January 30, 1526 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - Presides at the city council of Santiago de los Caballeros
February 7, 1526 - Xepach, Guatemala - Pedro de Alvarado destroys the secret capital of Xepach
September 3, 1526 - Temuxtitlán - Letter to Charles V about the desire to rescue the provinces of Utatlán and Guatemala
September 10(?), 1526 - Mexico City - Alvarado arives in Mexico City to rest
February 1(?), 1527 - Vera Cruz - Alvarado departs to Vera Cruz to take a ship to Spain. Back in the old country, his enemies, the same enemies of Cortés, spread gossip about Alvarado's excesses against the natives and his participation in the Tlatelolco massacre
May(?) 1(?), 1527 - Seville, Spain - Arrival in Seville after a long two and a half months of voyage
December 18, 1527 - Burgos, Spain - Interview with Emperor Charles V. Alvarado is named Governor of Guatemala. Alvarado, Cobos and Dr.Diego Beltrán, Advisor of the Indies, agree to a company contract to introduce 600 black slaves in the Indies, to work in the mines of Guatemala
December 20, 1527 - Burgos, Spain - Charles V grants Pedro de Alvarado the military title of "Adelantado"
January 1(?), 1528 - Seville - Alvarado marries Francisca de la Cueva.
June(?) 1(?), 1528 - Seville - Alvarado and Cortés ignore each other, because Alvarado had promised Cortés that he would marry Cecilia Vázquez, Cortes' cousin. Alvarado broke his promise and instead married Francisca de la Cueva
July 1(?), 1528 - Seville - Departs to Vera Cruz
October 1(?), 1528 - Vera Cruz, Mexico - Returns to Mexico. Francisca de la Cueva dies and is buried there
April 11, 1530 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - Alvarado returns to Santiago and is formally accepted as the highest authority in the territory
May 8, 1530 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - The tired Cakchiqueles capitulate before Alvarado at Santiago. The conquistador was not generous, enslaving many of them and demanding tributes in gold
August 5, 1532 - Santiago de los Caballeros - Alvarado is given the faculty to conquer and populate the islands that he would find towards the South Sea (Pacific Ocean), as well as the mainland not granted to another Spanyard
September 1, 1532 - Santiago de los Caballeros - Letter to Charles V telling him that 8 ships were already built
January 18, 1534 - El Realejo, Nicaragua - Alvarado finishes directing the works of construction of a large fleet in Port of la Posesión (El Realejo)
January 23, 1534 - Iztapa (coast of Guatemala) - Pedro de Alvarado sets sail to Peru with 10 ships and an army of 500 spanish soldiers, 200 black slaves and more than 2,000 guatemalan indians
February 25, 1534 - Portoviejo, Manta - Equador - Alvarado lands in Portoviejo, with the intention of capturing Guayaquil
August 26, 1534 - Ambato, Equador - Agreement between Alvarado and Almagro. Many soldiers stay to join Pizarro's army
April 20, 1535 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - Alvarado enters in Santiago totally defeated, humiliated and with the loss of everything invested in the enterprise
June 1(?), 1536 - Iver Ulua Valley, W Honduras - Alvarado defeats the indigenous resistance led by Cicumba
July 27, 1536 - Puerto Caballos, Honduras - Sets sail to Cuba
January(?) 1(?), 1537 - Cuba - Sets sail to Spain
February(?) 1(?), 1537 - Azores Islands - Alvarado arrives in the Azores, where he stays for a few months
August 1(?), 1537 - Lisbon, Portugal - Alvarado arrives in Lisbon and decides to take the route to the Spanish Court immediatly
October 17, 1538 - Alvarado marries Beatriz de la Cueva, sister of his first wife
January 1(?), 1539 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda - Alvarado and Beatriz de la Cueva depart to the New World
March 1(?), 1539 - Santo Domingo - The three ships (Santa Catalina, Santa María de Guadalupe and Trinidad) stop at Santo Domingo
April 4, 1539 - Puerto Caballos, Honduras - Alvarado arrives in Puerto Caballos, which they find empty and without the presence of spanyards. It was necessary to send a message to Santiago for the preparation of the movement of people and cargo
September 15, 1539 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - Alvarado and Beatriz de la Cueva arrive in Santiago de los Caballeros, after five months in with a road from Puerto Caballos was built
November 1(?), 1539 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - While Alvarado meditates about his next expedition, 700 men and 14 ships are available
September 1(?), 1540 - Acajutla, Sonsonate - El Salvador - Alvarado sets sail to the north with 9 ships and 1,000 men
October(?) 1(?), 1540 - Barra de Navidad, SW Guadalajara - Alvarado's fleet stops at Navidad to replenish the ships with water and supplies. Alvarado receives a message from the Viceroy of Mexico, Antonio de Mendoza, requesting a meeting to discuss a matter of his interest
November 29, 1540 - Mexico City - Alvarado and the Viceroy of Mexico, Antonio de Mendoza, agree in mutual participations in their businesses
June 6, 1541 - Barra de Navidad, SW Guadalajara - Alvarado returns to his fleet and men in Navidad. Departs to Guadalajara
June 12, 1541 - Guadalajara - Alvarado and his men arrive in Guadalajara
June 24, 1541 - Nochistlán, NNE Guadalajara - Alvarado and his men put siege to the well defended Nochistlán. Alvarado has his ribs broken by a scared horse that steps in him
July 4, 1541 - Guadalajara - Alvarado dies days after the horse accident, aged 56 =(END)
June 24, 1520 - Tenochtitlán - Cortés returns to Tenochtitlán to reprimand Alvarado
June 25, 1520 - Tenochtitlán - Cortés releases Moctezuma's brother to open commerce, however, the aztecs attack
 |
| Noche Triste, July 1, 1520 |
June 29, 1520 - Tenochtitlán - Moctezuma dies, three days after being stoned by his own people
July 1, 1520 - Tenochtitlán - "Noche Triste" (Sad Night). The Spanish army tries to sneak out of Tenochtitlán during the night of June 30th to July 1st seizing a thick mist. However, they are detected in one of Tenochtitlán's bridges, and unable to use horses and cannons, they are easy prey to the aztecs in canoes. 450 Spanish soldiers are killed, along with 46 horses and 4,000 tlaxcalan auxiliaries.
July 2, 1520 - Cuajimalpa, SW Tenochtitlán - Survivors of the "Noche Triste" arrive in Cuajimalpa
July 7, 1520 - Otumba (Toluca) - The Spanish are attacked by a large number of aztecs, but defeat them
July 11, 1520 - Tlaxcala Region - Cortés arrives in allied territory
August 1, 1520 - Cholula, Mexico - Cortés departs on a punitive expedition against Tepeaca
August 6, 1520 - Tepeaca - 400 Spanish and 40,000 tlaxcalans destroy 400 aztecs in battle. Cruelties are committed
September 15, 1520 - Tepeaca - Cortés is contacted by enemies of the aztecs and attracted to further expeditions
September 18, 1520 - Huaquechula, SW Puebla - Cortés attacks Huaquechula. The aztecs counterattack.
October(?) 1(?), 1520 - Izucar de Matamoros, SW Puebla - Izucar de Matamoros is attacked. 6,000 aztec warriors are massacred
October 15, 1520 - Tepeaca - Back to Tepeaca, Cortés meets with shipbuilders
December 13, 1520 - Tepeaca - Cortés leaves sixty men in Tepeaca and departs to Tlaxcala
December 25, 1520 - Tlaxcala - Cortés spends Christmas in Tlaxcala, with the army
December 27, 1520 - Tlaxcala - Cortés summons the allied chiefs and informs them of the beginning of the offensive for December 29th
January 1, 1521 - Coatepec, S of Texcoco - Cortés advances to Coatepec
January 2, 1521 - Texcoco - Cortés advances to Texcoco
January 9, 1521 - Iztapalapa, SE Tenochtitlán - Cortés advances to Iztapalapa
April 3, 1521 - Tlalmanalco, SE Tenochtitlán - Cortés advances to Tlalmanalco to disperse an aztec army
April 15, 1521 - Xochimilco, S of Tenochtitlán - The Spanish storm the city. Skirmishes against canoes on the next day
April 20, 1521 - Coyoacán, S of Tenochtitlán - Cortés marches to Coyoacán, which was deserted. Short reconaissance to Tenochtitlán
April 22, 1521 - Texcoco - Return to Texcoco
April 28, 1521 - Texcoco - Spanish ships are launched at Texcoco. Emissaries are sent to allies to prepare final attack
June 1, 1521 - Acachinanco, Texcoco - Cortés sets sail in his new ships
June 15, 1521 - Acachinanco, Texcoco - Advance against Iztapalapa
June 30, 1521 - Tlaltelolco, Central Tenochtitlán - Great assault to the central capital, where the Spanish are defeated
July 24, 1521 - Tenochtitlán - Cortés surprises Tenochtitlán's inhabitants and massacres 800 of them
August 3, 1521 - Tenochtitlán - The joint forces of Cortés and Alvarado kill 12,000 civilians
August 13, 1521 - Tenochtitlán - Fall of Tenochtitlán. Emperor Cuauhtémoc is caught while trying to escape
January 31, 1522 - Tututepeque (Tehuantepec Province) - Alvarado is put in front of an expedition composed of 40 soldiers on horseback, 200 infantrymen, 2 cannons and auxiliary indians. His mission: to suppress a native uprising in the province of Tehuantepec
July 1(?), 1523 - River Pánuco, Santisteban del Puerto Region - Alvarado is sent by Cortés to stop an intromission by Francisco de Garay, Governor of "Jamaica", that wanted to occupy territory conquered by Cortés' conquistadors aswell as the the new town of Santisteban del Puerto
December 6, 1523 - Tenochtitlán (Mexico City) - Cortés dispatches Alvarado to conquer territories south from Mexico, 160 horses, 300 footmen (160 of those crossbowmen and arquebusiers) and 4 cannons
January 15(?), 1524 - Tehuantepec - In his way south, Alvarado's troops arrive in Tehuantepec in the middle of January. Men and animals rest
February 13, 1524 - Tehuantepec - Alvarado resumes his march South
February 20, 1524 - Zapotitlán, Guatemala - Pedro de Alvarado defeats 10 to 12 thousand Quichés (K'iche' indians)
March 7, 1524 - Quezalteanango, Guatemala - Pedro de Alvarado destroys the capital. The indian chiefs are burned alive after confessing under torture that they planned the extermination of the spanish
April 11, 1524 - Utatlán, Guatemala - Letter to Cortés informing him of his conquests in Guatemala
April 12, 1524 - Iximche, Guatemala - Pedro de Alvarado arrives at Iximche. The natives of that region offered their friendship to the spanish since the beginning. They witnessed and participated in the destruction of their enemies by Alvarado
June 6, 1524 - River Paz, Guatemala-El Salvador border - Alvarado crosses the River Paz
June 8, 1524 - Acajutla, Sonsonate - El Salvador - As they reach the Pacific Ocean port of Acajutla, a native army of 6,000 is waiting for the spanish. The fight is ferocious with many dead and wounded, and even Alvarado is hit in the leg by an arrow. The spanish captain decides to move north and return to familiar territory as his leg starts infecting
June 17, 1524 - Cuzcatlán (future San Salvador) - Alvarado's column arrives in Cuzcatlán, where San Salvador would be founded in 1525. During the way from Acajutla, the spanish are attacked again but manage to decimate the indians again, even with Alvarado in poor condition
July 21, 1524 - Iximche, Guatemala - Alvarado returns to Iximche
July 24, 1524 - Iximche, Guatemala - Letter to Cortés informing him of his conquests in Guatemala
July 25, 1524 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - As the festivities of Santiago, patron of Spain, were approaching, Alvarado decides to found the city of Santiago de los Caballeros where Iximche existed
June 5, 1525 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - Letter to the Lieutenant-Govenors of Mexico City
January 30, 1526 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - Presides at the city council of Santiago de los Caballeros
February 7, 1526 - Xepach, Guatemala - Pedro de Alvarado destroys the secret capital of Xepach
September 3, 1526 - Temuxtitlán - Letter to Charles V about the desire to rescue the provinces of Utatlán and Guatemala
September 10(?), 1526 - Mexico City - Alvarado arives in Mexico City to rest
February 1(?), 1527 - Vera Cruz - Alvarado departs to Vera Cruz to take a ship to Spain. Back in the old country, his enemies, the same enemies of Cortés, spread gossip about Alvarado's excesses against the natives and his participation in the Tlatelolco massacre
May(?) 1(?), 1527 - Seville, Spain - Arrival in Seville after a long two and a half months of voyage
December 18, 1527 - Burgos, Spain - Interview with Emperor Charles V. Alvarado is named Governor of Guatemala. Alvarado, Cobos and Dr.Diego Beltrán, Advisor of the Indies, agree to a company contract to introduce 600 black slaves in the Indies, to work in the mines of Guatemala
December 20, 1527 - Burgos, Spain - Charles V grants Pedro de Alvarado the military title of "Adelantado"
January 1(?), 1528 - Seville - Alvarado marries Francisca de la Cueva.
June(?) 1(?), 1528 - Seville - Alvarado and Cortés ignore each other, because Alvarado had promised Cortés that he would marry Cecilia Vázquez, Cortes' cousin. Alvarado broke his promise and instead married Francisca de la Cueva
July 1(?), 1528 - Seville - Departs to Vera Cruz
October 1(?), 1528 - Vera Cruz, Mexico - Returns to Mexico. Francisca de la Cueva dies and is buried there
April 11, 1530 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - Alvarado returns to Santiago and is formally accepted as the highest authority in the territory
May 8, 1530 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - The tired Cakchiqueles capitulate before Alvarado at Santiago. The conquistador was not generous, enslaving many of them and demanding tributes in gold
August 5, 1532 - Santiago de los Caballeros - Alvarado is given the faculty to conquer and populate the islands that he would find towards the South Sea (Pacific Ocean), as well as the mainland not granted to another Spanyard
September 1, 1532 - Santiago de los Caballeros - Letter to Charles V telling him that 8 ships were already built
January 18, 1534 - El Realejo, Nicaragua - Alvarado finishes directing the works of construction of a large fleet in Port of la Posesión (El Realejo)
January 23, 1534 - Iztapa (coast of Guatemala) - Pedro de Alvarado sets sail to Peru with 10 ships and an army of 500 spanish soldiers, 200 black slaves and more than 2,000 guatemalan indians
February 25, 1534 - Portoviejo, Manta - Equador - Alvarado lands in Portoviejo, with the intention of capturing Guayaquil
August 26, 1534 - Ambato, Equador - Agreement between Alvarado and Almagro. Many soldiers stay to join Pizarro's army
April 20, 1535 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - Alvarado enters in Santiago totally defeated, humiliated and with the loss of everything invested in the enterprise
June 1(?), 1536 - Iver Ulua Valley, W Honduras - Alvarado defeats the indigenous resistance led by Cicumba
July 27, 1536 - Puerto Caballos, Honduras - Sets sail to Cuba
January(?) 1(?), 1537 - Cuba - Sets sail to Spain
February(?) 1(?), 1537 - Azores Islands - Alvarado arrives in the Azores, where he stays for a few months
August 1(?), 1537 - Lisbon, Portugal - Alvarado arrives in Lisbon and decides to take the route to the Spanish Court immediatly
October 17, 1538 - Alvarado marries Beatriz de la Cueva, sister of his first wife
January 1(?), 1539 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda - Alvarado and Beatriz de la Cueva depart to the New World
March 1(?), 1539 - Santo Domingo - The three ships (Santa Catalina, Santa María de Guadalupe and Trinidad) stop at Santo Domingo
April 4, 1539 - Puerto Caballos, Honduras - Alvarado arrives in Puerto Caballos, which they find empty and without the presence of spanyards. It was necessary to send a message to Santiago for the preparation of the movement of people and cargo
September 15, 1539 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - Alvarado and Beatriz de la Cueva arrive in Santiago de los Caballeros, after five months in with a road from Puerto Caballos was built
November 1(?), 1539 - Santiago de los Caballeros, Guatemala - While Alvarado meditates about his next expedition, 700 men and 14 ships are available
September 1(?), 1540 - Acajutla, Sonsonate - El Salvador - Alvarado sets sail to the north with 9 ships and 1,000 men
October(?) 1(?), 1540 - Barra de Navidad, SW Guadalajara - Alvarado's fleet stops at Navidad to replenish the ships with water and supplies. Alvarado receives a message from the Viceroy of Mexico, Antonio de Mendoza, requesting a meeting to discuss a matter of his interest
November 29, 1540 - Mexico City - Alvarado and the Viceroy of Mexico, Antonio de Mendoza, agree in mutual participations in their businesses
June 6, 1541 - Barra de Navidad, SW Guadalajara - Alvarado returns to his fleet and men in Navidad. Departs to Guadalajara
June 12, 1541 - Guadalajara - Alvarado and his men arrive in Guadalajara
June 24, 1541 - Nochistlán, NNE Guadalajara - Alvarado and his men put siege to the well defended Nochistlán. Alvarado has his ribs broken by a scared horse that steps in him
July 4, 1541 - Guadalajara - Alvarado dies days after the horse accident, aged 56 =(END)
wow :)
ReplyDeleteAmazing. An evil man, but a very fascinating one.
ReplyDelete