Da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India was significant and opened the way for an age of global imperialism and for the Portuguese to establish a long-lasting colonial empire in Asia. Traveling this route meant that the Portuguese could avoid sailing across the highly disputed Mediterranean and traveling via the dangerous Arabian Peninsula, and that the whole voyage would be made by sea. The sum of the distances covered in the outward and return voyages made this expedition the longest ocean voyage ever made until then, far longer than a full voyage around the world by way of the Equator. (Intro from Wikipedia)
January(?) 1(?), 1468 - Sines, Portugal - Vasco da Gama is born
January(?) 1(?), 1480 - Palmela(?) - Vasco da Gama joins the Military Order of Santiago
January(?) 1(?), 1492 - Setúbal - Da Gama receives orders from King John II to capture french ships off Setúbal and Algarve (southern portuguese coast) =(START)
January 1(?), 1497 - Estremoz - D.Manuel summons Vasco da Gama and entrusts to him the command of the First Armada to India =(1495flag)
January 1(?), 1497 - Estremoz - D.Manuel summons Vasco da Gama and entrusts to him the command of the First Armada to India =(1495flag)
July 8, 1497 - Belém, Lisbon - Vasco da Gama sets sail to India with 4 ships and 170 crewmen
July 18(?), 1497 - Off Tenerife, Canary Islands - The fleet passes off Tenerife.
July 28, 1497 - Off Santiago, Cape Verde - The fleet passes off Santiago, Cape Verde Islands
August(?) 7(?), 1497 - Off Sierra Leone - The course is changed towards the open Ocean to sail around the contrary southeastern winds, a new navigational technique known as "Volta do Mar", literally "Turn of the Sea"
November 4, 1497 - St.Helena Bay, South Africa - Vasco da Gama reaches western South Africa, sailing east after a long "turn of the sea", during which he passes relatively close to Brazil.
December 16, 1497 - Rio do Infante (Great Fish River) - The fleet arrives to the Great Fish River
December 25, 1497 - Kwazulu Natal - Sailing off eastern South Africa on Christmas day, Vasco da Gama baptizes the coast as "Natal" (Christmas, in portuguese)
January 6, 1498 - Limpopo River, Mozambique - The fleet sails into the Indian Ocean, reaching the coast of Mozambique at Limpopo River.
March 2, 1498 - Island of Mozambique - The fleet arrives to the Island of Mozambique
March 29, 1498 - Island of Mozambique - The Sultan of the Island sends two pilots for the rest of the expedition, however their true mission was to deceive the portuguese, because of their christian religion
April 7, 1498 - Mombasa, Kenya - Vasco da Gama plunders arabian Merchant ships
April 13, 1498 - Mombasa, Kenya - Unwelcomed, Vasco da Gama leaves Mombasa
April 14, 1498 - Mailindi, Kenya - The portuguese enter in Mombasa's rival port where they are welcomed, obtaining also a friendly pilot, Ahmad Ibn Madijd.
April 24, 1498 - Mailindi, Kenya - The fleet sets sail to India with a new pilot
May 20, 1498 - Kappakavadu, Calicut, India - Vasco da Gama reaches India
August 29, 1498 - Calicut - Vasco da Gama sets sail back to Europe
September 24, 1498 - Angediva Island, India - Vasco da Gama finds a polish jew that would become Gaspar da Gama
October 2, 1498 - Angediva Island - Because of the Monsoon, the fleet starts the crossing of the Indian Ocean in October
January 2, 1499 - Off Mogadishu, Somalia - The fleet arrives to the East Coast of Africa, but doesn't stop
January 7, 1499 - Mailindi, Kenya - Return to Mailindi after 132 days sailing through the Monsoon
March 1, 1499 - Mossel Bay (São Brás), South Africa - Arrival in South África
March 20, 1499 - Cape of Good Hope, South Africa - The portuguese fleet crosses the feared Cape of Good Hope
March 25, 1499 - South African West Coast - Vasco da Gama sails into the Atlantic Ocean, West of South África
July(?) 28(?), 1499 - Terceira Island, Azores - Vasco da Gama lands in Terceira Island to bury his brother, Paulo da Gama
August 29, 1499 - Lisbon, Portugal - Vasco da Gama arrives in Lisbon aboard a Guinea Caravel
January 1, 1501 - Alvor, Algarve(?) - Vasco da Gama marries Catarina de Ataíde, daughter of the "Alcaide-Mor"* of Alvor (High-Alcaide, or the governor of the Alvor Castle)
January 30, 1502 - Lisbon - At the Cathedral of Lisbon, Vasco da Gama receives the title of "Dom"(*) and "Admiral of the Seas of Arabia, Persia, India and all the Orient ". (*) a similar title to the british "Sir"
February 12, 1502 - Lisbon - Vasco da Gama sets sail to India with 20 warships, including the famous "Frol (flor) de la Mar", in the 4th Indies Armada, planned as a punitive expedition
February 27, 1502 - "Bezeguiche Bay", Dakar, Senegal - The armada anchors in Dakar Bay to take up fresh water
March(?) 2(?), 1502 - Off Sierra Leone - speculative date - Vasco da Gama changes course to southwest, towards Brazil (Turn of the Sea)
March(?) 25(?), 1502 - Cape of Saint Augustine, 35km South of Recife, Brazil - Brief stop to take up fresh water - speculative date
April(?) 29(?), 1502 - Cape of Good Hope - The armada is scattered during violent storms around the Cape
June 10, 1502 - Island of Mozambique - Vasco da Gama returns to the Island of Mozambique, where he is now welcomed, out of fear
June 28, 1502 - Island of Mozambique - The armada sets sail from Mozambique. A factory is established on the Island
July 12, 1502 - Kilwa Kisiwani (Quiloa), Tanzania - The armada arrives in Quiloa and turns it tributary of Portugal - A Peace and commerce Treaty is signed
July 20, 1502 - Kilwa Kisiwani - Vasco da Gama receives tribute from Emir Ibrahim of Quiloa
July 23, 1502 - Kilwa Kisiwani - Estevão da Gama's ships, strayed at the Cape, reconnect to the main armada
July 28, 1502 - Mailindi, Kenya - Vasco da Gama anchors near Mailindi (Melinde) and sets sail for the Indian continent on the next day
August 15, 1502 - Dabul, between Goa and Mumbai - The portuguese armada arrives in India
August 20, 1502 - Angediva Island, Karwar, India - Sailing southwards for five days, Vasco da Gama reaches Angediva Island
August 24, 1502 - Honnavar (Rio de Onor), India - The portuguese pursue an hindu corsair until Honnavar, where an Embassy is found
August 31, 1502 - Bhatkal (Batecala) - With business complete, Vasco da Gama sets sail to Cannanor
September 29, 1502 - Ezhimala, NW Cannanor - The armada anchors for a month at the port of Ezhimala, used by merchants and pilgrims to Mecca.
October 3, 1502 - Ezhimala - A large pilgrim ship is plundered and all aboard burned with artillery fire (A revenge action for the 70 portuguese killed in 1500)
October 18, 1502 - Cannanor - Arrival in Cannanor. Da Gama lands an ambassador that reached India with the Armada of Pedro Álvares Cabral. A factory is established
October 25, 1502 - Cannanor - Vasco da Gama sets sail towards Calicut
October 29, 1502 - Calicut - The armada makes its entrance in the port of Calicut
November 1, 1502 - Calicut - Naval bombardment of the city. In a ferocious act of retribution, Vasco da Gama takes a ship and orders the dismemberment of all 800 people aboard, and had the pile of remains sent to the Zamorin, to make "curry"
November 3, 1502 - Cochin - While Calicut is blockaded, Vasco da Gama arrives in Cochin with part of the Armada
November 19, 1502 - Cochin - The portuguese admiral receives messages and presentes from the syrian christian community from Cranganore
January 5, 1503 - Calicut - Vasco da Gama, alone with the "Frol de la Mar", is betrayed and attacked in the port. The ship manages to escape.
January(?) 22(?), 1503 - Cochin - Intelligence in Cochin inform that famous pirates joined the ranks of Calicut - 'Cojambar' (Khoja Ambar), and several large ships slip past the Portuguese blockade and were now in Calicut, joining the fighting fleet under the command of Calicut admiral 'Coja Casem' (Khoja Kassein). The assembled Calicut fleet is estimated at 20 large ships, 40 gun-mounted sambuks (large dhows) and an innumerable number of smaller oar-powered paraus, carrying several thousand armed men. Although a large Calicut fleet had failed against the much smaller 3rd Armada of João da Nova the previous year, the Zamorin might have calculated that the addition of the large ships and more experienced captains might tip the balance - particularly against the heavily loaded and less-maneuverable large ships of the 4th Armada.
February(?) 2(?), 1503 - Cochin - The armada sets sail to Cannanor in battle formation
February 6, 1503 - Cochin(?) - Oral agreement with the Zamorin for the establishment of a factory
February(?) 10(?), 1503 - Calicut - For the first time in naval history, the portuguese use a line of battle - the forces of Calicut are devastated
February 22, 1503 - Calicut - Vasco da Gama sets sail to Europe
March 25, 1503 - Off Seychelles Islands - As the portuguese admiral spots Seychelles Islands for the first time, he names them as "Admiral Islands"
April 13, 1503 - Island of Mozambique - The fleet passes by the Island of Mozambique on the way to Lisbon
July 12, 1503 - Mossel Bay (São Brás), South Africa(?) - Vasco da Gama's ships returning from India are sighted by Afonso de Albuquerque's fleet
July 15, 1503 - Cape of Good Hope - A storm at the Cape strays Estevão da Gama
November 10, 1503 - Lisbon, Portugal - Vasco da Gama arrives in Lisbon
January(?) 1(?), 1507 - Tomar(?) - Vasco da Gama joins the Military Order of Christ
January(?) 1(?), 1519 - Lisbon - Vasco da Gama threatens to follow the steps of Magalhães (Magellan) to Spain. The King backs off
November 4, 1519 - Vidigueira - Appointed Count of Vidigueira
February(?) 1(?), 1524 - Lisbon - Appointed Viceroy of India by King John III
April 9, 1524 - Lisbon - Vasco da Gama is sent to India to replace Duarte de Meneses, aboard the "Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai", the largest carrack in the world
April 22(?), 1524 - Terceira Island, Azores - Passage through the Azores on the way to India
July(?) 27(?), 1524 - Cape of Good Hope - The "Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai" passes the Cape of Good Hope
August 14, 1524 - Coast of Mozambique - Arrival to the coast of Mozambique
September(?) 1(?), 1524 - Goa, India - The huge portuguese carrack and the new Viceroy arrive in Goa
September(?) 24(?), 1524 - Goa - Vasco da Gama is taken ill with Malaria
December 24, 1524 - Cochin - Vasco da Gama dies of Malaria, aged 56 =(END)
March 2, 1498 - Island of Mozambique - The fleet arrives to the Island of Mozambique
March 29, 1498 - Island of Mozambique - The Sultan of the Island sends two pilots for the rest of the expedition, however their true mission was to deceive the portuguese, because of their christian religion
April 7, 1498 - Mombasa, Kenya - Vasco da Gama plunders arabian Merchant ships
April 13, 1498 - Mombasa, Kenya - Unwelcomed, Vasco da Gama leaves Mombasa
April 14, 1498 - Mailindi, Kenya - The portuguese enter in Mombasa's rival port where they are welcomed, obtaining also a friendly pilot, Ahmad Ibn Madijd.
April 24, 1498 - Mailindi, Kenya - The fleet sets sail to India with a new pilot
May 20, 1498 - Kappakavadu, Calicut, India - Vasco da Gama reaches India
August 29, 1498 - Calicut - Vasco da Gama sets sail back to Europe
 |
| The Indies Fleet of 1497 |
October 2, 1498 - Angediva Island - Because of the Monsoon, the fleet starts the crossing of the Indian Ocean in October
January 2, 1499 - Off Mogadishu, Somalia - The fleet arrives to the East Coast of Africa, but doesn't stop
January 7, 1499 - Mailindi, Kenya - Return to Mailindi after 132 days sailing through the Monsoon
March 1, 1499 - Mossel Bay (São Brás), South Africa - Arrival in South África
March 20, 1499 - Cape of Good Hope, South Africa - The portuguese fleet crosses the feared Cape of Good Hope
March 25, 1499 - South African West Coast - Vasco da Gama sails into the Atlantic Ocean, West of South África
July(?) 28(?), 1499 - Terceira Island, Azores - Vasco da Gama lands in Terceira Island to bury his brother, Paulo da Gama
August 29, 1499 - Lisbon, Portugal - Vasco da Gama arrives in Lisbon aboard a Guinea Caravel
January 1, 1501 - Alvor, Algarve(?) - Vasco da Gama marries Catarina de Ataíde, daughter of the "Alcaide-Mor"* of Alvor (High-Alcaide, or the governor of the Alvor Castle)
January 30, 1502 - Lisbon - At the Cathedral of Lisbon, Vasco da Gama receives the title of "Dom"(*) and "Admiral of the Seas of Arabia, Persia, India and all the Orient ". (*) a similar title to the british "Sir"
February 12, 1502 - Lisbon - Vasco da Gama sets sail to India with 20 warships, including the famous "Frol (flor) de la Mar", in the 4th Indies Armada, planned as a punitive expedition
February 27, 1502 - "Bezeguiche Bay", Dakar, Senegal - The armada anchors in Dakar Bay to take up fresh water
March(?) 2(?), 1502 - Off Sierra Leone - speculative date - Vasco da Gama changes course to southwest, towards Brazil (Turn of the Sea)
March(?) 25(?), 1502 - Cape of Saint Augustine, 35km South of Recife, Brazil - Brief stop to take up fresh water - speculative date
April(?) 29(?), 1502 - Cape of Good Hope - The armada is scattered during violent storms around the Cape
June 10, 1502 - Island of Mozambique - Vasco da Gama returns to the Island of Mozambique, where he is now welcomed, out of fear
June 28, 1502 - Island of Mozambique - The armada sets sail from Mozambique. A factory is established on the Island
July 12, 1502 - Kilwa Kisiwani (Quiloa), Tanzania - The armada arrives in Quiloa and turns it tributary of Portugal - A Peace and commerce Treaty is signed
July 20, 1502 - Kilwa Kisiwani - Vasco da Gama receives tribute from Emir Ibrahim of Quiloa
July 23, 1502 - Kilwa Kisiwani - Estevão da Gama's ships, strayed at the Cape, reconnect to the main armada
July 28, 1502 - Mailindi, Kenya - Vasco da Gama anchors near Mailindi (Melinde) and sets sail for the Indian continent on the next day
August 15, 1502 - Dabul, between Goa and Mumbai - The portuguese armada arrives in India
August 20, 1502 - Angediva Island, Karwar, India - Sailing southwards for five days, Vasco da Gama reaches Angediva Island
August 24, 1502 - Honnavar (Rio de Onor), India - The portuguese pursue an hindu corsair until Honnavar, where an Embassy is found
August 31, 1502 - Bhatkal (Batecala) - With business complete, Vasco da Gama sets sail to Cannanor
September 29, 1502 - Ezhimala, NW Cannanor - The armada anchors for a month at the port of Ezhimala, used by merchants and pilgrims to Mecca.
October 3, 1502 - Ezhimala - A large pilgrim ship is plundered and all aboard burned with artillery fire (A revenge action for the 70 portuguese killed in 1500)
October 18, 1502 - Cannanor - Arrival in Cannanor. Da Gama lands an ambassador that reached India with the Armada of Pedro Álvares Cabral. A factory is established
October 25, 1502 - Cannanor - Vasco da Gama sets sail towards Calicut
October 29, 1502 - Calicut - The armada makes its entrance in the port of Calicut
November 1, 1502 - Calicut - Naval bombardment of the city. In a ferocious act of retribution, Vasco da Gama takes a ship and orders the dismemberment of all 800 people aboard, and had the pile of remains sent to the Zamorin, to make "curry"
November 3, 1502 - Cochin - While Calicut is blockaded, Vasco da Gama arrives in Cochin with part of the Armada
November 19, 1502 - Cochin - The portuguese admiral receives messages and presentes from the syrian christian community from Cranganore
January 5, 1503 - Calicut - Vasco da Gama, alone with the "Frol de la Mar", is betrayed and attacked in the port. The ship manages to escape.
January(?) 22(?), 1503 - Cochin - Intelligence in Cochin inform that famous pirates joined the ranks of Calicut - 'Cojambar' (Khoja Ambar), and several large ships slip past the Portuguese blockade and were now in Calicut, joining the fighting fleet under the command of Calicut admiral 'Coja Casem' (Khoja Kassein). The assembled Calicut fleet is estimated at 20 large ships, 40 gun-mounted sambuks (large dhows) and an innumerable number of smaller oar-powered paraus, carrying several thousand armed men. Although a large Calicut fleet had failed against the much smaller 3rd Armada of João da Nova the previous year, the Zamorin might have calculated that the addition of the large ships and more experienced captains might tip the balance - particularly against the heavily loaded and less-maneuverable large ships of the 4th Armada.
February(?) 2(?), 1503 - Cochin - The armada sets sail to Cannanor in battle formation
February 6, 1503 - Cochin(?) - Oral agreement with the Zamorin for the establishment of a factory
February(?) 10(?), 1503 - Calicut - For the first time in naval history, the portuguese use a line of battle - the forces of Calicut are devastated
February 22, 1503 - Calicut - Vasco da Gama sets sail to Europe
March 25, 1503 - Off Seychelles Islands - As the portuguese admiral spots Seychelles Islands for the first time, he names them as "Admiral Islands"
April 13, 1503 - Island of Mozambique - The fleet passes by the Island of Mozambique on the way to Lisbon
July 12, 1503 - Mossel Bay (São Brás), South Africa(?) - Vasco da Gama's ships returning from India are sighted by Afonso de Albuquerque's fleet
July 15, 1503 - Cape of Good Hope - A storm at the Cape strays Estevão da Gama
 |
Old age Da Gama with
Order of Christ necklace
|
January(?) 1(?), 1507 - Tomar(?) - Vasco da Gama joins the Military Order of Christ
January(?) 1(?), 1519 - Lisbon - Vasco da Gama threatens to follow the steps of Magalhães (Magellan) to Spain. The King backs off
November 4, 1519 - Vidigueira - Appointed Count of Vidigueira
February(?) 1(?), 1524 - Lisbon - Appointed Viceroy of India by King John III
April 9, 1524 - Lisbon - Vasco da Gama is sent to India to replace Duarte de Meneses, aboard the "Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai", the largest carrack in the world
April 22(?), 1524 - Terceira Island, Azores - Passage through the Azores on the way to India
July(?) 27(?), 1524 - Cape of Good Hope - The "Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai" passes the Cape of Good Hope
August 14, 1524 - Coast of Mozambique - Arrival to the coast of Mozambique
September(?) 1(?), 1524 - Goa, India - The huge portuguese carrack and the new Viceroy arrive in Goa
September(?) 24(?), 1524 - Goa - Vasco da Gama is taken ill with Malaria
December 24, 1524 - Cochin - Vasco da Gama dies of Malaria, aged 56 =(END)
Bibliography
COSTA, Abel Fontoura da (ed.), Roteiro da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama (1497-1499) por Álvaro Velho, 3ª edição, Lisboa, Agência-Geral do Ultramar, 1969
GARCIA, José Manuel - "O Terrível - A grande biografia de Afonso de Albuquerque", 2017
PERES, Damião - "História de Portugal, vol.III", 1921
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